呼吸病學英語

演講人：日期：呼吸病學英語目錄OverviewofRespiratorySystemExecuteupperrespiratorytractinfectionChronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseBronchialasthmaInfluentialdiseasesoflungLungtutors01OverviewofRespiratorySystemVSTherespiratorysystemconstitutionsofthenose,throat,trachea,bronchi,andlungsItisresponsibleforgasexchangebetweenthebodyandtheexternalenvironmentFunctionThemainfunctionoftherespiratorysystemistocontainoxygenandexhibitcarbondioxide,whichisessentialformaintaininglifeactivitiesAdditionally,ithelpstoregulatebodytemperatureandreducewastegasesStructureRespiratorysystemstructureandfunctionUpperrespiratorytractinfectionsTheseincludecommoncold,pharmacy,andsinusitisSymptomsmayincludesomethroat,cough,andnasalconstipationLowerrespiratorytractinfectionsTheseincludepneumonia,bronchitis,andbronchiectasisSymptomsmayincludefever,coughwithsputumproduction,anddiversitybreakingChronicrespiratorydiseasesTheseincludeasthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD),andemphysemaTheseconditionsoftenrequirelongtermmanagementandcanaffectqualityoflifeCommonrespiratorysystemissuesPhysicalexamination01Thisincludesobservation,auditing,andexaminationtoassesstheconditionoftherespiratorysystemImagingexamination02X-rays,computedtomography(CT),andmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)canbeusedtovisualizethestructureandfunctionoftherespiratorysystemLaboratorytests03Bloodtests,sputumtests,andpulmonaryfunctiontestscanhelpdiagnoserespiratorydiseasesandassesstheseverityoftheconditionRespiratorysystemexaminationmethods02ExecuteupperrespiratorytractinfectionRunnynose,somethrust,cough,milkfever,headache,andgeneralmalaiseSymptomsAirbornedrops,directcontactwithaffectedsecretsTransmissionFrequenthandwashing,avoidingclosecontactwithaffectedindividuals,maintainingahealthylifestylePreventionSymptomaticreliefwithoverthecountertreatments,pleaseofrest,andfluidintakeTreatmentCommoncoldSymptomsCausesPreventionTreatmentActuaritisSorethroat,diversityswinging,over,andenlargedlymphnodesintheneckAvoidingexposuretoaffectedindividuals,practicinggoodhygieneViralorbacterialinfections,mostcommonlycausedbyStreptococcuspyogenesAntibioticsforbacterialinfections,symptomaticreliefforviralinfectionsSymptomsCausesPreventionTreatmentActlaryngitis01020304Howardness,lossofvoice,somethrust,andcoughViralorbacterialinfections,voiceabuseormisuseAvoidingexposuretoaffectedindividuals,practicinggoodvoicehygieneVoicerest,humidification,andsymptomaticreviewActtonilitisSymptomsSoreThroat,over,enlargedandtenantconcerns,anddiversityswitchingCausesBacterialorviralinfections,mostcommonlycausedbyStreptococcuspyogenesPreventionFrequenthandwashing,avoidingclosecontactwithaffectedindividualsTreatmentAntibioticsforbacterialinfections,symptomaticreliefforviralinfections,tonicityincurrentcases03ChronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseChronicbronchitisreferstoinflationofthebronchitistubesthatresultsinalongtermcoughwithmucusproductionDefinitionPersistentcough,excessivemucusproduction,wheeling,andshortnessofbreathSymptomsSmokingisthemostcommoncause,butotherfactorssuchasairpollution,occupationalexposures,andcurrentrespiratoryinfectionscanalsocontributeCausesBasedonclinicalhistory,physicalexamination,andspirometry(alungfunctiontest)DiagnosisChronicbronchitisDefinitionEmpireisaconditioninwhichtheairsacs(alveoli)ofthelungsaredamagedandenlarged,causingadecreaseinlungfunctionandoftenleadingtoshortnessofbreathSymptomsShortnessofBreath,wheeling,andachroniccoughAstheconditionprogresses,patientsmayexperienceweightloss,fatigue,anddiversityperformingdailyactivitiesCausesSmokingisthemostcommoncauseofemphysema,butotherfactorssuchasairpollution,geneticfactors,andcancerassociatedexposurescanallcontributeDiagnosisBasedonclinicalhistory,physicalexamination,microbiology,andimagingtestssuchasaChestX-rayorCTscan01020304EmphysemaSpirologyAlungfunctiontestthatmeasureshowmanyairapersoncanbreakinandoutofacertainperiodoftimeItisusedtodiagnoseCOPDandassessitsseveritySymptomsPersistentcough,shortnessofbreath,wheeling,andexcessivemucusproductionarecommonsymptomsofCOPDExposurehistoryAhistoryofexposuretoriskfactorssuchassmokingoroccupationalexposurescanhelpdiagnoseCOPDImagingtestsChestX-raysandCTscanscanbeusedtoruleoutotherlungdiseasesandassesstheseverityofCOPDDiagnosticcriteriaforchronicobjectivepulmonarydisease0102SmokingprocessQuittingsmokingisthemostimportantstepintreatingCOPDandpreventingitsprogressionBronchodilatorsThesemedicinesrelaxthemusclesaroundtheairways,makingiteasiertobreakthemInhaleddiseasesThesediseaseshelpreduceinflammationintheairwaysandimprovelungfunctionOxygentherapyForpatientswithsevereCOPDandlowbloodoxygenlevels,oxygentherapycanhelpimprovesymptomsandqualityoflifePulmonaryregressionThisprogramcombinesexercise,education,andcoachingtohelppatientsmanagetheirsymptomsandimprovetheirqualityoflife030405Treatmentprinciplesforchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease04BronchialasthmaInflammationBronchialastromaischaracterizedbychronicinflationoftheairways,involvingavarietyofinflammatorycellsandmediatorsAirwayhyperresponsivenessTheairwaysofpatientswithbronchialasthmaarehyperresponsivetovariousstimuli,leadingtobronchospasm,mucusproduction,andswitchingoftheairwaywallsGeneticandenvironmentalfactorsGeneticpredispositionandenvironmentalfactors,suchasallergens,airpollution,andrespiratoryinfections,cantriggerandexacerbatebronchialasthmaThepathogenesofbronchialasthmaClinicalpresentationsofbronchialasthmaRecurrentwheelingPatientswithbronchialasthmaofexperiencecurrentwheeling,whichisahighpaidwhippingsoundduringexaminationChesttightnessPatientsmayexperienceafeelingoftightnessorpressureinthechestShortnessofbreathBronchialasthmacancauseshortnessofbreath,specificallyduringphysicalactivityoratnightCoughAcough,ofcourse,atnightorintheearlymorning,isacommonsymptomofbronchialasthmaClinicalhistoryAdetailedclinicalhistoryisessentialfordiagnosingbronchialasthma,includinginformationonsymptoms,triggers,andresponsetotreatmentPhysicalexaminationDuringaphysicalexamination,thedoctormaylistenforwheelingorotherabnormallungsoundsDiagnosticcriteriaforbronchialasthmaLungfunctiontestsLungfunctiontests,suchasspirometries,canhelpconfirmthediagnosisofbronchialasthmabymeasuringhowmuchairthelungscanholdandhowquicklyaircanbeexceededAllergytestingAllergytestingmaybeperformedtoidentifyallergensthatcouldbetriggeringtheastromasymptomsDiagnosticcriteriaforbronchialasthmaAvoidanceoftriggersIdentifyingandavoidingtriggers,suchasallergens,irritants,andrespiratoryinfections,iscriticalformanagingbronchialasthmaPharmacyBronchilatorsandantiinflammatorymedicinearethemaincourseoftreatmentforbronchialasthmaThesediagnoseshelptorelaxtheairways,reduceinflation,andallocatesymptomsPatienteducationPatienteducationontheproperuseofmedicine,recognitionofearlywarningsignsofastromachallenges,andself-managementstrategiesareessentialforeffectiveastromacontrolPrinciplesoftreatmentforbronchialasthmaLongtermmanagementBronchialasthmaisachronicconditionthatrequireslongtermmanagementRegularfollow-upvisitswithahealthcareprovider,inheritancetotreatmentplans,andlifestylemodificationscanhelppatientsachieveandmaintaingoodasthmacontrolPrinciplesoftreatmentforbronchialasthma05InfluentialdiseasesoflungStreptococcuspneumoniae,atypeofbacteriathatcommoncausesrespiratoryinfectionsCauseSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentHighfever,chills,cough,chestpain,anddiversitybreakingThroughphysicalexamination,chestX-ray,andbloodtestsAntibioticssuchaspenicillinorcephalosporinsarecommonlyeffectiveStreptococcuspneumoniaCauseSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentMycoplasmapneumoniaFatigue,somestroke,headache,cough,andfeverThroughbloodtestsandChestX-rayAntibioticssuchasmacrolidesortetracyclinearecommonlyusedMycoplasmapneumonia,atypeofbacteriathatissmallthantypicalbacteriaandcanaffecttherespiratorytractTreatmentAntiviralmedicinemaybeusedforsomeviruses,butmanycasesaretreatedwithsupportivecaresuchasrest,fluids,andoverreducersCauseVariousvirusessuchasinfluenzavirus,respiratorysyncytial