2024山東省臨沂市高三下學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題和答案

2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（模擬）英語(yǔ)2024.3本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEYLEAConsumerBriefSummaryThissummarycontainsriskandsafetyinformationforpatientsaboutEYLEA.Itdoesnotincludealltheinformationanddoesnottaketheplaceoftalkingtoyoureyedoctor.WhatisEYLEA?EYLEAisamedicinethatworksbyblockingvascularendothelialgrowthfactor（VEGF）,whichcancausefluidtoleakintothemacula（視網(wǎng)膜黃斑）.WhatisEYLEAusedfor?EYLEAisindicatedforthetreatmentofpatientswith:·MacularEdemaFollowingRetinalVeinOcclusion（RVO）·DiabeticMacularEdema（DME）·DiabeticRetinopathy（DR）HowisEYLEAgiven?EYLEAisaninjection（注射）administeredbyeyedoctorandtheinjectionsaregivenondifferentschedules.Confirmwithyourdoctorwhichscheduleisappropriate.WhatarethemostcommonsideeffectsofEYLEA?·Eyepain·Lightsensitivity·IncreasedeyerednessFormorepossiblesideeffects,askyoureyedoctor.YouareencouragedtoreportnegativesideeffectsofprescriptiondrugstotheFDA.Visit/medwatch,orcall1-800-FDA-1088.WhatshouldItellmyeyedoctorbeforereceivingEYLEA?·Infectionsinoraroundtheeye·Eyepainorredness·BeingallergictoanyingredientsinEYLEA·BeingorplanningtobepregnantWherecanIlearnmoreaboutEYLEA?ForamorecomprehensivereviewofEYLEAsafetyandriskinformation,talktoyourhealthcareproviderandseethefullinformationatEYLEA.com.1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Eyedoctors.B.Medicinestudents.C.Drugresearchers.D.Patientswitheyeconditions.2.HowcanyoulearnmoreaboutEYLEA?A.VisitEYLEA.com.B.Call1-800-FDA-1088.C.Visit/medwatch.3.Whatisthistext?D.Talktoamedicalprofessor.A.Amedicalreport.B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Ahealthcarecontract.D.Apieceofmedicalinstructions.BWatfordandherfamilyhavelivedinCurtisBay,Baltimoreforgenerations.Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory（呼吸的）problems.Whensheknewaplantobuildthenation’slargesttrash-burningincinerator（焚化爐）lessthanamileawayfromherhighschool,sherealizedshehadtotakeaction.Theincineratorwasbeingsoldwronglyasclean,renewableenergyequipmentbutactuallyitwouldbeasourceofbrain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsofgreenhousegasesperyear,bothworsethancoalburning.Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilitytowarnhercommunitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.Sheco-foundedFreeYourVoice（FYV）,a10-personstudentorganizationdevotedtocommunityrightsandsocialjustice.Together,theydecidedtostartacampaigntotakedownEnergyAnswers,theincinerator’sdeveloper.Theywentdoor-to-doortalkingtoneighborsandorganizingprotests.WhenitwasdiscoveredthatBaltimoreCityPublicSchools（BCPS）wasgoingtobeacustomerofEnergyAnswers,theorganizationfoughtwiththeboardandpresentedtheircase,urgingBCPStowithdrawfromtheproject.BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract,whichinturninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain,EnergyAnswershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.WatfordcontinuestoworkwithCurtisBayresidentstowardfairdevelopment.Theyhaveavisionforthefuturewhichincludesbuildingazero-wastemovement,asolarfarm,andgreenjobs.Shewantstheentirehumanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljusticebecausesurvivalasaspeciesdependsonourabilitytotakeaction.4.WhatcausedrespiratoryproblemsinWatford’scommunity?A.Poormedicalcare.B.Terribleenvironmentalconditions.D.Unbalanceddistributionofresources.C.Constantbacterialinfection.5.WhatisWatford’sattitudetobuildingtheincinerator?A.Unfavourable.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent.6.Whatwastheresultoftheircampaign?A.BCPSlostfinancialsupport.B.EnergyAnswersstoppeditsplan.C.Theinvestorsfoundnewmarket.D.Manycustomersrevisedtheircontracts.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AteenageheroagainsturbanpollutionB.AteenageherofightingforanadvancedcityC.AbattleforBaltimore’sskybyateenageheroD.ThesocialjusticechallengeforateenageheroCHumansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleareisolated,diseasedanimalsarekilledandfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving（復(fù)活）anancientviruswouldsurelybeadisaster.ButanewstudyledbyFiddamanfromOxford,challengesthisconventionalwisdom.Itshowshowtherevivalofanancientviruscanunlockthesecretsofitsevolution.ThevirusinthestudyisMarek’sdiseasevirus（MDV）,killingmorethan90%ofchickens.Yetwhenitwasdiscoveredin1907,MDVrarelycauseddeath.DrFiddamanwonderedwhetheritsnew-foundvirulence（毒性）wasaresultoflargestructuralchanges.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.SectionsofDNAfromtheseremainsweremappedontotheonesoftoday’svirus.AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations（突變）.Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour（腫瘤）formation.ThisdiscoverysuggeststhattheancientMDVmaynothavebeenabletocausetumours.Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Incomparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.Bycombiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepurse-stringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines（疫苗）,forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.8.Whatiswidelyacknowledgedabouttherevivalofanancientvirus?A.Itisachallengingtask.B.Itrevealsthevirusevolution.D.Ithelpspeoplefightdiseases.C.Itmeansadisasterforhumans.9.WhatcausedthevirulencechangeofMDV?A.PointmutationsinMEQ.B.Theoccurranceofanewgene.C.ThereproductionoftheancientMDV.D.Largestructuralchangesinmodernspecies.10.HowdidDrFiddamantesttheassumption?A.Byinvestigatingatypicalcase.B.Byconductingafieldsurvey.C.Bystudyingtherelatedtheories.D.Bydoingacomparativeexperiment.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Virusesweakengraduallywhentheymutate.B.Thefindingthrowslightonhandlingotherviruses.C.Aglobalpandemicrequiresaworldefforttoendit.D.Farmerswillfacemorecomplexchallengesthanbefore.DWhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects—aUgandangroupcalledtheIk—as“thelovelesspeople.”Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecidedthattheyreflectedhumanity’sbasicinstincts（本能）:cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandhercolleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatsharedeverything.“TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine（饑荒）.Allhesawiswhathappenswhenpeoplearestarving.”saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslongthought.“Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives.”shesays.Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfromtheProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject’smainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey’reinneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe’sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample:It’spricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan’taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,pooledcosts（合并成本）wouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenaturaldisastersandpandemics.12.WhatdidTurnbullthinkoftheIkpeople?A.Heartless.B.Helpful.C.Restless.D.Generous.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruism”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.B.Makingfulluseofthesurroundingresources.C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.14.Whatdoesparagraph3intendtoconvey?A.Friendshipsguaranteeawell-beinglife.B.Folksassisteachothertogetsupport.C.Cooperationisagoodandnaturalinstinct.15.HowdoesAktipisintendtoapplyherfindings?A.Bydesigningapolicyforpublichealth.D.Peopletendtoprovideresourcesforfree.B.Bymonitoringindividualhealthhistories.C.Bycreatingasystemagainstcollectivehardship.D.Byloweringinsurancepricesforindividualvictims.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MarkCovington,founderoftheGeorgiaStreetCommunityCollectiveinDetroit,standsinacornerofhisurbanfarm,breathingthefreshairintheearlymorning.16Earlyintheday,thegreencropsgivinglifetotomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,andmorearebathedingold,asifbeingwateredbythesun.Thesoundsofdogs,pigs,roosters,andagroupofstirringbeesdrownoutthesoundsofthecity.In2007,Covingtonlosthisjobandreturnedtohischildhoodstreet.werealwaysvacantlots,buttheyhadalwaysbeenmaintainedforchildrentoplayon.”Heknewthatifhejustcleanedthemup,peoplewouldpileonthemagain.18Covingtonstartedwithasmallcommunitygarden.17“Itwasdirty,”hesaid.“There19Onemothersentthreechildrentohelphimbuildalargergardenwherethekidscouldgrowfood,staybusyduringthesummerandaddstructuretotheirlives.Littlebylittletheseedstookroot,asthehandsonthegardenthatwouldevolveintoafarmmultiplied.20Ononecorner:amoviescreenandapublicgardenwithvegetableandflowerbeds.Onanother:afarmandacommunitycenterinabuilding.Nearbyaregarlicbedsandagreenhouse.“It’ssomewhatspiritualforme,”Covingtonsays.“It’slikeasanctuary（圣殿）.Peoplecomehereanddon’twanttoleave.”A.Butifheplantedstuff,theymightnot.B.It’satypicalmorningsceneatthecollective.C.Hesawgarbagepiledhighinvacant,abandonedlots.D.Covingtonmadethegardenalittlebiggertoplantmore.E.Andalmostimmediatelyneighborsbeganaskingtoparticipate.F.Heplantedagardentohelpfeedresidentsandenrichtheirlives.G.Whatbeganasanefforttoremovetrashhasturnedintoasiteofcommunity.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Whateverthepatient’sageordisease,ahospitalstaycanbestressful,especiallyforkids.EffortslikeElla’sarea（an）Itbeganin2018,whenEllacelebratedherbirthdayinaeachyearinearlyOctober,afewweeksbeforeherbirthday.Alongwitha（an）21spotduringatoughtime.22way—agiftdrive.Sincethen,ithas2324toherparty,Ella’sfriendsgetalistofgiftideasforkidsatthehospital.Fortheyoungestorstuffedtoys.Thenit’stimetosharethegifts.“Seeingotherpeople’s2526,giftsmightincludebuildingblocks—that’sallthatmatterstome,”Ellasays.Afterthefirstround,thenumberofdonations,shejudgesbysight.“Wemeasurehowmuchofthecarpetitcoversinourlivingroom,”Ellasays.“Lastyear,29theentirecarpet.”Allison,workingatBrighamChildren’sHospital,hasseenfirsthandthe27everyyear.Butshedoesn’tkeepanexactcount.28it30ofElla’sgift-giving.“Sheputssmileonthefacesoftheselittlepatientsinourhospital,”Allisonsays.“Theyareallamazedather31suchayoungage.”atElla’s3234tohelpkidsinthehospitalhaveinspiredotherstogiftsfortheirbirthdaystoo.33inherfootsteps.Friendshavecollectedand“35toothersisagoodfeelingtohaveattheendoftheday,”Ellasays.“IwanttokeepdoingthisaslongasIcan.”21.A.independent22.A.newB.extraC.freeD.brightB.privateC.fancyD.naturalD.thoughtupD.cake23.A.workedout24.A.letterB.kickedoffB.recreationB.patientsB.recognitionB.growsC.givenoutC.invitationC.parentsC.behaviorC.declinesC.SometimesC.decoratedC.inspirationC.ambitionC.efforts25.A.workers26.A.happiness27.A.changes28.A.ThusD.nursesD.admirationD.maintainsD.InsteadD.coveredD.featureD.progressD.proposalsD.mixB.SomehowB.includedB.effect29.A.reached30.A.excitement31.A.generosity32.A.promises33.A.followB.explorationB.aimsB.engageC.track34.A.received35.A.RespondingB.countedB.RelatingC.gatheredC.GivingD.donatedD.Comparing第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Playinganinstrumentorsinginginachoirmayboostyourbrain.Forgenerations,parents（encourage）theirchildrentopracticeplayingmusicalinstruments.Parentshavegoodreasontoprioritizetheirchildren’smusicaleducation.Learninganinstrumentisnotonlyassociatedwith37（good）educationalattainmentbutalsowithimprovedcognitive（認(rèn)知的）abilitiesandintelligence（智力）scoresinchildren.36Theresultsofarecentstudymemoryandtheabilitytostay38（investigate）thisquestionshowedthatmusicalpeoplehadbetter（focus）ontasksthanthosewithlessornomusicality.39However,4140madeadifferenceamongthosewhoplayedaninstrumentwaswhethertheycontinuedtoplayhadonlyplayedinthepast.Currentamateurmusiciansexhibitedthehighestcognitiveperformanceamongparticipants.Continuedengagement42cognitivelystimulatingactivities,likeplayinganinstrument,islikely43（lead）tosustainedbrainhealth.Incontrast,playingtherecorderforonlythreeyearsinprimaryschoolmaynot44（significant）impactourcognitiveperformancelaterinlife.Giventheoverallbenefitsoflearninganinstrumentorparticipatinginachoir,engaginginsuchacognitive45（stimulate）asweagecouldbebeneficial.第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假如你是李華，你校外教Ryan打算開(kāi)展英語(yǔ)閱讀活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)向?qū)W生征求意見(jiàn)，請(qǐng)你給外教回復(fù)一封郵件，陳述建議并給出理由，內(nèi)容包括：1.材料選擇；2.注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)?？梢赃m當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearRyan,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Becky,a12-year-oldgirl,wasdeepinhermathshomework.HerfatherBillaskedhertohelpfixthegateofthestall（牛欄）.“Icouldn’tcomeoutandhelp,Daddy,”sheresponded,withoutevenlookingup.“I’llgetextramarksifIdotheseequations（方程式）.”Frowning,BillwasconcernedaboutBecky.Sheonlylovednumbers,showinglittleinterestinotherthings.Billhopedhisdaughtercouldenjoyanimalsandhelpontheirfarm.“Wouldn’tyouliketowintheblueribboncompetitionwithyourveryowncalfnextyear?”Billrefusedtogiveup.Inthecompetition,childrenshowthecalvestheyraiseandthebestcalf（小牛）withalargebuild,well-developedmusclesandstronglegswouldgettheblueribbon.Beckylistenedwithoutaword.“Youknow,raisingacalfalsorequiresmathmatics,likecalculatingtheexpensestomaintainhealthandmuscledevelopmentduringgrowth.”Billcontinued.ItseemedthatsomethingclickedwithBecky,“Itmightbeaperfectopportunitytoshowmymathtalents.”Shethenfollowedherdadintothestall.Billpointedtoanewborncalf.“Heresheis!Tag333.Shewillbethebestcalf!”Beckylooked,andasmilebrightenedherface.“OK.I’llgiveitatry.”Inthefollowingweeks,shestartedajournalofprojectedexpenses—vaccinations,registrationfees,vetbills,grainandhay.“She’sfinallygettinginterestedincattle,”Billthought.ButforBecky,thecalfseemedmorelikeamathematicalchallengethanalivinganimalthatwouldrequirecareandlove.Wintercame—thetoughtimeforthecalves.Onemorning,anextremesnowstormhit.Calves!BillandBeckyhurriedtothestalltocheck.AllthecalveswereinsideexceptTag333!Wherewasshe?Theysearchedeverywhereandfinallyfoundheramileawayfromthestall.Thelittlecalfwaslyingstill,coverediniceandsnow.Hereyelidsweresealedshutbyglitteringfrost.“Isshedead?”Beckycried.Billpressedhisfingersagainstthecalf’schest.“No.Butweneedtodosomething—fast,”heurged.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答.Theyrushedthecalfintothestall.Timeflyingby,thejudgingdayfinallyarrived.高三一模考試英語(yǔ)試題參考答案2024.3第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)1~3DAD4~7BABC8~11CADB12~15ADCC第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)16~20BCAEG第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)21~25DABCB26~30ABDDB31~35ACADC第二節(jié)語(yǔ)篇填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)36.haveencouraged/havebeenencouraging37.better38.investigated39.focused40.whatt41.or42.in43.tolead44.significantly45.stimulatior第三部分寫(xiě)作(滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)OnePossibleversion:DearRyan.AllthestudentsareexcitedabouttheupcomingEnglishreadingactivity,andIamwritingtoexpressmyopinionaboutit.Ifstudentsareallowedtochoosewhattheyread,Ibelievetheywillprovetobeenthusiasticreaders.Besides,itisbeneficialtoformreadinggroupssothatwecandiscusswith