江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期期初適應(yīng)性練習(xí)英語試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期期初適應(yīng)性練習(xí)英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AContrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.Sequoia(美洲杉)NationalPark,CaliforniaThisparkisfamousforitsgiantsequoiatrees.Andthoughit’simpressivetowalkamong250-footsequoias,snowshoeingorcross-countryskiingthroughGiantForestGrovewhenthetoweringtreesaredustedwithsnowispuremagic.Accommodation:ThecentrallylocatedVisaliaMarriottisjust40minutesfromtheparkgate.Charleston,SouthCarolinaStartyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.Accommodation:Locatedinthecity'shistoricheart,theCharlestonPlacehotelfeaturesplushroomsandexcellentdining.Keystone,ColoradoSkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain(地形).Accommodation:KeystoneLodgeandSpahascozymountain-inspiredroomsandlofts,aheatedoutdoorpoolandhottub.ParkCity,UtahLocatedjust40minutesfromSaltLakeCity,thelargestskiresortintheUnitedStatesisknownforitslight,drysnow,sunnyskiesandvarietyofterrain.Accommodation:Marriott’sSummitWatchisanaffordableoptionlocatedrightinParkCity,anditoffersaccessiblerooms.1.WhatwilltravelersdoinCharleston?A.Walkalonggiantsequoiatrees. B.Skithroughsnow-coveredforests.C.Explorethehistoriccity. D.Swiminaheatedoutdoorpool.2.Whichdestinationgiveskidsachancetoskiforfree?A.SequoiaNationalPark. B.Charleston.C.Keystone. D.ParkCity.3.Whatdothefourdestinationshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocated40minutesfromthenearbycity.B.TheyarefamousnationalparksintheUSA.C.Theyoffercarriageridesatweekends.D.Theyofferarangeofcold-weatherfun.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了幾個(gè)美國冬季最佳旅游景點(diǎn)?！即鸢浮?.C2.C3.D【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Charleston,SouthCarolina部分的“Startyourweekendgetawayonahistoriccarriageridedowntownincoldwinter.Clip-cloppastthecity’schurches,seewheretheystoredallthegunpowderbackinthe1700sandlearnaboutCharleston’spast.(在寒冷的冬天乘坐歷史悠久的馬車開始你的周末之旅。咔嗒咔嗒地經(jīng)過這座城市的教堂，看看他們?cè)?8世紀(jì)儲(chǔ)存火藥的地方，了解查爾斯頓的過去。)”可知，游客在Charleston可以探索這座城市的歷史。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Keystone,Colorado部分的“SkireportwebsiteOntheSnowratesitthetopresortforfamilies,thankstofreeparking;ski-in,ski-outlodgings;akids-ski-freeprogram;andbeginnerterrain.(滑雪報(bào)告網(wǎng)站OntheSnow將其評(píng)為最適合家庭的度假勝地，這要?dú)w功于免費(fèi)停車；住宿；兒童免費(fèi)滑雪項(xiàng)目；初學(xué)者地形。)”可知，Keystone給孩子一個(gè)免費(fèi)滑雪的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Contrarytopopularbelief,winterisactuallyagoodtimetotravel.Below,you’llfindrecommendationsforthebestplacestovisitinwinterintheUSA.(與普遍的看法相反，冬天實(shí)際上是旅行的好時(shí)機(jī)。下面，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)美國冬季最佳旅游景點(diǎn)的推薦。)”可推知，這四個(gè)地方的共同之處在于它們提供了一系列寒冷天氣的樂趣。故選D。BIt’sanunusuallycalmmorningforJimSmith,ownerofVenturaDiveSport,andlifelongseaman.He’sinchargeoftheRaptor,carryingaboatloadofdiversandsnorkeling(浮潛)enthusiastsovertotheChannelIslandsanchoredjustofftheSouthernCaliforniancoast,intheremoteChannelIslandsNationalPark.Onthistrip,inparticular,Smithishopingtospotgiantblackseabass,ahugeunderwatercreaturethatgrowsoversevenfeetlongandcanweighmorethan700pounds.Unsurprisingly,it’safishthatsitsatopthefoodchain,andthespeciesisanimportantpartofthemarine(海洋的)ecosystem.Upuntilthe1970s,blackseabasswasacommonsightinginSouthernCalifornia,butduetooverfishingtheirpopulationdramaticallydeclined.Asaresult,fishingforgiantblackseabassofanykindwasbannedinCaliforniain1982.IntheChannelIslandregion,thankstotheprotectedwatersofthenationalpark,thereisapromisingsign-arecentsurveyfoundaround50individualsaroundtheCatalinaIslandalone.Marinebiologists’photos-andindeedanyoneelse’s-nowhaveapermanenthome,onanewly-createddatabasenamedSpottingGiantSeaBass.Thewebsite,launchedandrunbytheAquariumofthePacificinJuly,isajointcommunityefforttofindoutmoreaboutthesemysteriouscreatures.Scientistshopetobeabletoanswerhowthepopulationischangingovertime,howfargiantseabassmove,wheretheyspawn(產(chǎn)卵),andhowtheygrowinmarineprotectedareas.Withmorethan1milliondivesrecordedannuallyacrosstheGoldenState’scoastline,researchershopeajointefforttodocumentthisspecieswillaidwithitsrecovery.“OneofthemainthingspeoplewanttoseewhentheycomeoutwithusduringSeptemberandOctoberisgiantseabass,”Smithsays.“Ifyou’reluckyenoughtobeonadiveandoneswimspastyou...itreallyisthemostincredibleexperience.”4.WhoisJimSmith?A.Amarinebiologist.B.Adiveboatcaptain.C.Afounderofawebsite.D.Aguardofanationalpark.5.WhatcanweinferaboutblackseabassintheChannelIslandregionnow?A.Theyareexperiencingpopulationgrowth.B.Theyarebeingoverfished.C.Theyarelivinginterribleconditions.D.Theyaredisappearingduetopollution.6.Whichofthefollowingisconsideredas“apermanenthome”inparagraph4?A.SouthernCalifornia.B.SpottingGiantSeaBass.C.Marineprotectedareas.D.TheAquariumofthePacific.7.Whatwillbehelpfulfortherecoveryofblackseabassaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Swimmingwiththeminthesea.B.Prohibitingdeep-seadiving.C.Workingtogethertorecordinformation.D.Discoveringmoreislands.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是關(guān)于黑鱸魚的保護(hù)和恢復(fù)，以及一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)庫的創(chuàng)建，幫助記錄和研究黑鱸魚的信息?！即鸢浮?.B5.A6.B7.C【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’sanunusuallycalmmorningforJimSmith,ownerofVenturaDiveSport,andlifelongseaman.He’sinchargeoftheRaptor,carryingaboatloadofdiversandsnorkeling(浮潛)enthusiastsovertotheChannelIslandsanchoredjustofftheSouthernCaliforniancoast,intheremoteChannelIslandsNationalPark.

(對(duì)于文圖拉潛水運(yùn)動(dòng)公司的老板、終身海員JimSmith來說，這是一個(gè)異常平靜的早晨。他負(fù)責(zé)“猛禽”號(hào)，載著一船潛水員和浮潛愛好者前往海峽群島，停泊在南加州海岸外遙遠(yuǎn)的海峽群島國家公園。)”可知，JimSmith是一名潛水船只的船長。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“IntheChannelIslandregion,thankstotheprotectedwatersofthenationalpark,thereisapromisingsign-arecentsurveyfoundaround50individualsaroundtheCatalinaIslandalone.(在海峽島地區(qū)，由于受國家公園保護(hù)的水域，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有希望的跡象——最近的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅在卡塔利娜島附近就有大約50只個(gè)體。)”可知，在海峽島地區(qū)附近，黑鱸魚的數(shù)量是一個(gè)充滿希望的跡象即數(shù)量在不斷增加。故選A?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“onanewly-createddatabasenamedSpottingGiantSeaBass.(在一個(gè)新創(chuàng)建的名為“發(fā)現(xiàn)巨型海鱸魚”的數(shù)據(jù)庫中。)”可知，海洋生物學(xué)家們的照片現(xiàn)在存儲(chǔ)于一個(gè)新創(chuàng)建的名為“發(fā)現(xiàn)巨型海鱸魚”的數(shù)據(jù)庫中。故

apermanenthome指的是“發(fā)現(xiàn)巨型海鱸魚”的數(shù)據(jù)庫。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Withmorethan1milliondivesrecordedannuallyacrosstheGoldenState’scoastline,researchershopeajointefforttodocumentthisspecieswillaidwithitsrecovery.(每年有超過100萬次潛水記錄在金州的海岸線上，研究人員希望共同努力記錄這個(gè)物種將有助于它的恢復(fù)。)”可知，根據(jù)研究人員的說法，共同記錄信息將有助于黑海鱸魚的恢復(fù)。故選C。CEmotionsarelikeourbestfriend.Theyhavealwaysbeenapartofourlivesandhavebeeninfluencingourpersonalitiesfromtheverybeginning.However,thisbegsthequestion-wheredoemotionscomefrom?Evolutionary(進(jìn)化論的)psychologistsbelievethatemotionsareadaptationsthathaveevolvedinresponsetothechallengesfacedbyourancestors.Theybelievethatemotionsareinnate(先天的),meaningthatwearebornwiththemwiredintoourbrains.Somepsychologistsrestricttheirclaimstoasmallsetof“basic”emotions,whicharecalledtheBigSix-happiness,sadness,fear,surprise,angeranddisgust.Criticsofevolutionarypsychologyarguethatemotionsaresociallyconstructed.Theyrejecttheevolutionarytheoryofemotionsbeinginvoluntary;instead,theybelievethatemotionsarevoluntarychoiceswetrickourselvesintotreatingasinvoluntary.Defendantsofthisviewbelievethatourcultureinfluenceshowweshouldfeelandwhatweshoulddoinagivensituation.Whenwefeelanemotionandactonit,weengageinabehaviorthatisprescribedbyourculture.Peoplearguethatourpresumptionthatemotionsareinvoluntary,suchasanger,mayjustbeaconvenientillusion(幻覺).Tobeangry,weneedtounderstandsomethingasoffensive(冒犯的),whichislikelybasedonculturallyinformedmoraljudgments.Inthatcase,howcanangerbeananimalreflex(本能反應(yīng))？Moreover,angerisnotseeninallcultures.InInuitculture,peoplerarelyshowanysignsofanger,probablysincethreateningresponseswouldbetooriskyinasmallculturesurvivinginharshconditions.TheMalaylanguageofMalaysiadoesn’tevenhaveawordmeaning“anger”!Thefactthatculturecanaffecttheincidenceandintensityofouremotionsmakesthemlooklesslikebiologicaltruthsandmoreliketheproductofsocialconstructs.Frommyperspective,evolutionarypsychologistsunderestimatethecontributionsofcultureandlearning,whereassocialconstructionistsover-emphasizethesame.Basically,weneedanexplanationthatcansteerbetweenboththeseextremes.Thenexttimeyoufeelacomplexemotionbubblingup(冒出),thekeyistodeterminetheunderlyingbasicemotionssoyoucantakeactionthatisthemosthelpfulinkeepingyoubalancedandemotionallyundercontrol!8.Whatdoevolutionarypsychologistsbelieve?A.Wearebornwithemotions.B.Personalitiesinfluenceemotions.C.Emotionsarelearned.D.Humanshavesixdifferentemotions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prescribed”inparagraph5mean?A.Copied.B.Remembered.C.Translated.D.Required.10.Whatdothetwoexamplesinparagraph7mainlyexplain?A.Emotionsplayamajorroleinsurvival.B.Peopleinpoorcircumstanceshaveemotions.C.Peoplesolveproblemswiththehelpofemotions.D.Emotionsaresociallyconstructed.11.Whatisessentialwhenfacingtheoccurrenceofacomplexemotion?A.Findingouttherealcoreemotions.B.Takingactiontoignorebasicemotions.C.Strikingabalancebetweenlifeandwork.D.Makingeffortstobuildconfidence.【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了情緒從何而來?！即鸢浮?.A9.D10.D11.A【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theybelievethatemotionsareinnate(先天的),meaningthatwearebornwiththemwiredintoourbrains.(他們認(rèn)為情緒是天生的，這意味著我們出生時(shí)就把它們連接到我們的大腦中。)”可知，進(jìn)化心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，我們生來就有情緒。故選A。【9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Defendantsofthisviewbelievethatourcultureinfluenceshowweshouldfeelandwhatweshoulddoinagivensituation.(持這種觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為，我們的文化影響著我們?cè)谔囟ㄇ闆r下的感受和行為。)”可知，當(dāng)我們感受到一種情緒并采取行動(dòng)時(shí)，我們的行為是由我們的文化所規(guī)定的。prescribed意為“規(guī)定，指示”。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Criticsofevolutionarypsychologyarguethatemotionsaresociallyconstructed.(進(jìn)化心理學(xué)的批評(píng)者認(rèn)為情緒是社會(huì)建構(gòu)的。)”、文章第五段“Defendantsofthisviewbelieve…shoulddoinagivensituation.(持這種觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為，我們的文化影響著我們?cè)谔囟ㄇ闆r下的感受和行為。)”和文章第七段“Moreover,angerisnotseeninallcultures.InInuitculture,…awordmeaning“anger”!(此外，并非所有文化中都能看到憤怒。在因紐特文化中，人們很少表現(xiàn)出任何憤怒的跡象，可能是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)生存在惡劣條件下的小文化中，威脅的回應(yīng)太冒險(xiǎn)了。馬來西亞的馬來語甚至沒有“憤怒”這個(gè)詞！)”可推知，第七段提到的兩個(gè)例子解釋了情緒是社會(huì)建構(gòu)的。故選D?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thenexttimeyoufeelacomplexemotionbubblingup(冒出),thekeyistodeterminetheunderlyingbasicemotionssoyoucantakeactionthatisthemosthelpfulinkeepingyoubalancedandemotionallyundercontrol!(下次當(dāng)你感到一種復(fù)雜的情緒冒出來的時(shí)候，關(guān)鍵是要確定潛在的基本情緒，這樣你就可以采取行動(dòng)，這對(duì)保持你的平衡和情緒控制最有幫助！)”可知，面對(duì)復(fù)雜情緒的發(fā)生，找出真正的核心情緒是至關(guān)重要的。故選A。DActivenoisecontroltechnologyisusedbynoise-cancelingheadphonestominimizeorcompletelyblockoutoutsidenoise.However,despitethemanyadvancementsintechnology,peoplestilldon'thavemuchcontroloverwhichsoundstheirheadphonesblockoutandwhichtheyletpass.Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbyagroupofacademicsattheUniversityofWashingtonthatenableuserstoselectwhichnoisestofilter(過濾)throughtheirheadphonesinreal-time.Thesystemhasbeennamed“semantichearing”byitscreators.TheAl-poweredheadphonesremoveallbackgroundnoisebystreamingrecordedaudio(音頻)toasmartphonethatislinkedtothedevices.Throughthisprocess,theheadphoneuserscanchoosetostrengthenorcancelout20typesofsounds,usingvoicecommandsorasmartphoneapp.Theheadphoneswillthenonlyletthroughthesoundsthathavebeenchosenbythewearer.“Thechallengeisthatthesoundsheadphonewearershearneedtosyne(同步)withtheirvisualsenses.Thismeanstheneural(神經(jīng)的)algorithmsmustprocesssoundsinunderahundredthofasecond.”saidseniorauthorShyamGollakota,aUWprofessor.Duetothistimeconstraint,thesemantichearingsystemchoosesaprocessthatreliesonnoisescommunicatedonadevicelikealinkedsmartphone.Furthermore,inorderforhumanstocontinuetoeffectivelyexperiencesoundsintheirenvironment,thesystemneedstomaintainthesedelaysbecausesoundscomingfromdifferentdirectionsenterpeople'searsatdifferenttimes.Trialswereundertakenbytheresearchersinavarietyofsettings.Thesemantichearingsystemwasabletoisolatetargetsounds,whileatthesametimeremovingbackgroundnoise.Intermsofthesystem'saudiooutputforthedesiredsounds.22participantsgaveitanaverageratinghigherthantheyassignedtotheoriginalnoiserecordings.Therewere,however,afewdisadvantages:theAl-poweredsystemoccasionallyhadtroublerecognizingsoundsthatweretoosimilar.Theresearcherssaidthatthesystemcouldproducebetterresultsifitsmachinelearningmodelsweretrainedonmorerealworlddata.12.Whatcandeeplearningalgorithmsdo?A.Improveuserslisteningability.B.Helpusersremoveunwantednoise.C.Stoppeoplefromenteringnoisyareas.D.Createcommunicationbetweenusers.13.WhatshouldtheneuralalgorithmsdoaccordingtoShyamGollakota?A.Selectheadphoneusers.B.Processdatawithoutnoticeabledelay.C.Followthewaypeoplespeak.D.Improvethequalityofsmartphones.14.Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutthesysteminthetrials?A.Ithasimprovementinsoundquality.B.Ithelpsthemrecognizeparticipants'voices.C.Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.D.It'ssuitabletostrengthenbackgroundnoise.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThesemantichearingsystemstillhassomedrawbacksB.ThesemantichearingsystemcanrecognizehumanspeechC.Alnoise-cancelingheadphonesletyouchoosewhatyouhearD.AInoise-cancelingheadphonesnowhaveacommercialversion【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章介紹了華盛頓大學(xué)的一組學(xué)者開發(fā)的深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，使用戶能夠?qū)崟r(shí)選擇通過耳機(jī)過濾的噪音。〖答案〗12.B13.B14.A15.C【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbya…h(huán)earing”byitscreators.(現(xiàn)在，華盛頓大學(xué)的一組學(xué)者開發(fā)了一種深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，使用戶能夠?qū)崟r(shí)選擇通過耳機(jī)過濾哪些噪音。該系統(tǒng)被其創(chuàng)建者命名為“語義聽力”。)”可知，深度學(xué)習(xí)算法可以幫助用戶消除不必要的噪音。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中““Thechallengeisthatthesoundsheadphonewearershearneedtosyne(同步)withtheirvisualsenses.Thismeanstheneural(神經(jīng)的)algorithmsmustprocesssoundsinunderahundredthofasecond.”saidseniorauthorShyamGollakota.aUWprofessor.(“挑戰(zhàn)在于，耳機(jī)佩戴者聽到的聲音需要與他們的視覺感官同步。這意味著神經(jīng)算法必須在百分之一秒內(nèi)處理聲音。資深作者ShyamGollakota說。華盛頓大學(xué)教授。)”可知，根據(jù)ShyamGollakota認(rèn)為，耳機(jī)佩戴者聽到的聲音需要與他們的視覺感官同步，這意味著神經(jīng)算法必須在百分之一秒內(nèi)處理聲音，即深度學(xué)習(xí)算法在處理數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，沒有明顯的延遲。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Trialswereundertakenbytheresearchersinavarietyof…participantsgaveitanaverageratinghigherthantheyassignedtotheoriginalnoiserecordings.(研究人員在各種環(huán)境下進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)。語義聽覺系統(tǒng)能夠隔離目標(biāo)聲音，同時(shí)去除背景噪音。在系統(tǒng)的音頻輸出為所需的聲音。22名參與者給它的平均評(píng)分高于他們給原始噪音錄音的評(píng)分。)”可知，在試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)語義聽覺系統(tǒng)能夠隔離目標(biāo)聲音，同時(shí)去除背景噪音，22名參與者給它的平均評(píng)分高于他們給原始噪音錄音的評(píng)分，即它的音質(zhì)有所改善。故選A?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,deeplearningalgorithms(算法)havebeendevelopedbyagroupofacademicsattheUniversityofWashingtonthatenableuserstoselectwhichnoisestofilter(過濾)throughtheirheadphonesinreal-time.Thesystemhasbeennamed“semantichearing”byitscreators.(現(xiàn)在，華盛頓大學(xué)的一組學(xué)者開發(fā)了一種深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，使用戶能夠通過耳機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)選擇過濾哪些噪音。該系統(tǒng)被其創(chuàng)建者命名為“語義聽力”。)”以及通讀全文可知，這篇文章介紹了華盛頓大學(xué)的一組學(xué)者開發(fā)的深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，使用戶能夠?qū)崟r(shí)選擇通過耳機(jī)過濾的噪音。通過將錄制的音頻傳送到與設(shè)備連接的智能手機(jī)上，這種人工智能耳機(jī)可以通過語音命令或智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序選擇加強(qiáng)或消除20種類型的聲音，并只允許佩戴者選擇的聲音通過。C選項(xiàng)“Alnoise-cancelingheadphonesletyouchoosewhatyouhear(人工降噪耳機(jī)可以讓你選擇聽什么)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wintercancausedamagetoyourskin,anditcanfeellikethere’snoescape.____16____.Happily,therearemanywaystodealwithdryskinandkeepyourselfcomfortable.?Useahumidifier(加濕器)toincreasehumidity.Inthecoolerwintermonths,ahumidifierinyourhomeorofficewillrestoremoisturetotheair,helpingtokeepyourskinhydrated(含水的).Runahumidifierinyourentirehomeorinroomsyouspendthemosttimein,andaimtokeepindoorhumiditylevelsbetween30and50percent.____17____Ifyou’reunsureofyourhome’shumiditylevels,youcanbuyahumiditymeter.?Keepthermostat(恒溫器)temperaturescoolandcomfortable.Ifyou’relookingtoescapedry,coldoutdoorair,youarelikelytoturnontheheatassoonasyougethome.____18____Tryacoolyetcomfortablesettingtopreventyourskinfromdryingfurther-theAmericanOsteopathicCollegeofDermatologyrecommends68to75degreesF.?____19____Long,steamyshowersmaysoundlikeagreatideawhenit’scold,butveryhotwatercandryouttheskin.A5-to10-minutewarmshowerislesslikelytoworsendryskinthanahotone.Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(濕疹).____20____Ifyoustillexperiencedryness,discomfort,andrednessaftertryingthesehealthyskintips,expertssuggestusinganover-the-counterIpercenthydrocortisonecreamortalkingwithyourdoctor.A.Firstly,applyhandcreamaftereachwashing.B.It’squiteunusualtofindyourskinredanddryinwinter.C.Oneoptionistoturnitonovernightwhileyou’resleeping.D.Lowerwatertemperaturesforshoweringandhand-washing.E.Buthighcentralheatcanmaketheairinyourhouseevendrier.F.Coolerwaterseemstobeaseffectiveandismorefriendlytotheskin.G.Eventhethingsthatmakewinterwonderful,suchassittingbyaroaringfire,candryyourskin.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)在冬季也能處理皮膚干燥并保持舒適的方法。〖答案〗16.G17.C18.E19.D20.F【16題詳析】由上文“Wintercancausedamagetoyourskin,anditcanfeellikethere'snoescape.(冬天會(huì)對(duì)你的皮膚造成傷害，而且感覺無處可逃。)”以及后文“Happily,therearemanywaystodealwithdryskinandkeepyourselfcomfortable.(令人高興的是，有很多方法可以處理皮膚干燥并保持舒適。)”可知，空前提到了皮膚在冬季可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)不舒服的感覺，空處后提到了處理皮膚干燥并保持舒服的方法。G項(xiàng)Eventhethingsthatmakewinterwonderful,suchassittingbyaroaringfire,candryyourskin.(即使是那些讓冬天變得美好的事情，比如坐在熊熊燃燒的火爐旁，也會(huì)使你的皮膚干燥。)符合文意，該項(xiàng)提到了在冬季會(huì)讓皮膚變得干燥的原因，引出后文中對(duì)抗皮膚干燥以及解決問題的方法，起到承上啟下的作用。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】由上文“Useahumidifier(加濕器)toincreasehumidity.(使用加濕器增加濕度)”可知，該段提到了加濕器能在一定程度上改善皮膚干燥的狀況，再由上文“Runahumidifierinyourentirehomeorinroomsyouspendthemosttimein,andaimtokeepindoorhumiditylevelsbetween30and50percent.(在你的整個(gè)家或你呆的時(shí)間最長的房間里安裝一個(gè)加濕器，目標(biāo)是將室內(nèi)濕度保持在30%到50%之間)”可知，加濕器可以將室內(nèi)濕度保持在30%到50%之間。C項(xiàng)Oneoptionistoturnitonovernightwhileyou'resleeping.(一種選擇是在你睡覺的時(shí)候把它打開過夜)符合語境，其中it指代上文ahumidifier，有承上作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】由上文“Ifyou’relookingtoescapedry,coldoutdoorair,youarelikelytoturnontheheatassoonasyougethome.(如果你想逃離干燥、寒冷的室外空氣，你很可能一回家就打開暖氣)”可知，為了避寒可以打開暖氣，E項(xiàng)Buthighcentralheatcanmaketheairinyourhouseevendrier.(但是，高的中心熱量會(huì)使你家的空氣更加干燥。)符合語境，指出暖氣會(huì)讓皮膚干燥。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】由下文“Long,steamyshowersmaysoundlikeagreatideawhenit’scold,butveryhotwatercandryouttheskin.A5-to10-minutewarmshowerislesslikelytoworsendryskinthanahotone.(在寒冷的時(shí)候，長時(shí)間的蒸汽淋浴聽起來可能是個(gè)好主意，但熱水會(huì)使皮膚變干。與熱水淋浴相比，5到10分鐘的溫水淋浴不太可能惡化干燥的皮膚)”以及“Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(濕疹).(你也應(yīng)該避免用過熱的水洗手。皮膚因暴露在熱水或涼爽的冬季空氣中而干燥會(huì)導(dǎo)致濕疹)”可知，這里主要講避免長時(shí)間熱水洗澡和用過熱水洗手。D項(xiàng)Lowerwatertemperaturesforshoweringandhand-washing.(降低淋浴和洗手的水溫。)符合語境，對(duì)下文有總括作用。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】由上文“Youshouldalsoavoidusingexcessivelyhotwatertowashyourhands.Dryskinfromexposuretohotwaterorcoolwinteraircancauseaneczema(濕疹).(你也應(yīng)該避免用過熱的水洗手。皮膚因暴露在熱水或涼爽的冬季空氣中而干燥會(huì)導(dǎo)致濕疹。)”可知，這里主要講避免用過熱的水洗手，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Coolerwaterseemstobeaseffectiveandismorefriendlytotheskin.(冷水似乎同樣有效，對(duì)皮膚更友好)符合語境，其中Coolerwater與上文excessivelyhotwaterto對(duì)應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。DuringthefinaltermofmytheaterandperformancedegreeattheUniversityofLeeds,weplannedto____21____someinteractiveworkshopswithelderlyresidentstotryto____22____memoryandsocialengagement.Irememberbeing____23____,awarethatwewereworkingwitholdpeoplewhowerealmostnonverbal(不能說話的).Ihaddecidedtoplaymusicattheendofthesession.WewentwiththesongMyWay____24____thoseelderlyresidentswouldhavebeenlisteningtothehitsongintheirlate20s.OnceIpressedplay,nearlyeveryoneintheroomstoodupand____25____whatseemedlikeeveryword.Iwassodeeply____26____.Manyofthemwerecommunicatingmuchbetter.Itlookedandfeltlike____27____.OffIwenttodramaschool,butIthoughtaboutthat____28____almostdaily.Sowhenweweregiventheopportunitytowriteascript(劇本)fora____29____festival,Icreatedalovestoryabout_____30_____anddementia(癡呆),spanning50yearsofacouple’slife.Andnow,10yearslater.theshowI_____31_____isrunningagaininLondonthankstotheMusicforDementiacampaign.Inowknowthatmusic-basedinterventions(治療)_____32_____theneedforantipsychoticmedication(抗精神病藥物)inmorethan60percentofpeople_____33_____dementia.Idon’tknowwhatmyMyWaywouldbe,butIcertainlythinkweshouldalltrytofindour_____34_____anddoourbesttostayconnectedtothepeoplewe_____35_____itwith.21.A.hold B.stop C.delay D.suspend22.A.remove B.identify C.inspire D.assess23.A.thrilled B.nervous C.ashamed D.delighted24.A.until B.unless C.if D.because25.A.sang B.said C.heard D.wrote26.A.scared B.moved C.amused D.annoyed27.A.art B.magic C.hope D.mercy28.A.problem B.goal C.policy D.experience29.A.theater B.science C.flower D.sports30.A.water B.fruit C.music D.food31.A.performed B.watched C.recorded D.made32.A.repeat B.protect C.reduce D.ignore33.A.livingwith B.hearingof C.escapingfrom D.focusingon34.A.show B.time C.speech D.song35.A.take B.share C.discuss D.learn【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在利茲大學(xué)戲劇和表演專業(yè)的最后一個(gè)學(xué)期，我們計(jì)劃舉辦一些與老年居民的互動(dòng)講習(xí)班，通過音樂與這些老人建立聯(lián)系，并且讓他們的交流變得更好。這段難忘的經(jīng)歷給作者后來的生活和工作帶來了靈感。〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我在利茲大學(xué)戲劇和表演專業(yè)的最后一個(gè)學(xué)期，我們計(jì)劃舉辦一些與老年居民的互動(dòng)講習(xí)班，試圖激發(fā)記憶和社會(huì)參與。A.hold舉辦；B.stop停止；C.delay推遲；D.suspend暫停，懸掛。根據(jù)“someinteractiveworkshops”可知，此處表示舉辦一些互動(dòng)講習(xí)班。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.remove移除；B.identify鑒定，確認(rèn)；C.inspire激發(fā)；D.assess進(jìn)入。根據(jù)“someinteractiveworkshops”和“memoryandsocialengagement”可知，舉辦一些與老年居民的互動(dòng)講習(xí)班，是為了激發(fā)記憶和社會(huì)參與。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得自己很緊張，意識(shí)到我們?cè)诤蛶缀醪粫?huì)說話的老人一起工作。A.thrilled激動(dòng)的，興奮的；B.nervous緊張的；C.ashamed羞恥的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)“wewereworkingwitholdpeoplewhowerealmostnonverbal(不能說話的).”可知，和幾乎不能說話的老人一起工作，讓作者感到緊張。故選B。【24題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我們選擇了《MyWay》這首歌，因?yàn)槟切┥狭四昙o(jì)的居民可能會(huì)在20多歲的時(shí)候聽這首熱門歌曲。A.until直到；B.unless除非；C.if如果；D.because因?yàn)?。根?jù)“thoseelderlyresidentswouldhavebeenlisteningtothehitsongintheirlate20s.”可知，此處解釋作者選擇《MyWay》這首歌的原因，應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦我按下播放鍵，幾乎房間里的每個(gè)人都站起來，唱出了似乎每一個(gè)字。A.sang唱；B.said說；C.heard聽見；D.wrote寫。根據(jù)“WewentwiththesongMyWay”可知，歌曲播放以后，房間里幾乎每個(gè)人都跟著唱。故選A。【26題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被深深地感動(dòng)了。A.scared害怕的；B.moved感動(dòng)的；C.amused逗樂的；D.annoyed惱怒的。根據(jù)“OnceIpressedplay,nearlyeveryoneintheroomstoodupand______whatseemedlikeeveryword.”可知，作者播放的歌曲得到了老人們的回應(yīng)，因此被深深感動(dòng)了。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它看起來和感覺都像魔法。A.art藝術(shù)；B.magic魔法；C.hope希望；D.mercy仁慈。根據(jù)“Manyofthemwerecommunicatingmuchbetter.”可知，本來幾乎不會(huì)說話的老人交流更好了，因此感覺像魔法一樣。故選B。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我去了戲劇學(xué)校，但我?guī)缀趺刻於紩?huì)想起那段經(jīng)歷。A.problem問題；B.goal目標(biāo)；C.policy政策；D.experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)上文的經(jīng)歷以及根據(jù)“OffIwenttodramaschool,butIthoughtabout”可知，作者幾乎每天都會(huì)想起那段經(jīng)歷。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，當(dāng)我們有機(jī)會(huì)為戲劇節(jié)寫劇本時(shí)，我創(chuàng)作了一個(gè)關(guān)于音樂和癡呆癥的愛情故事，跨越了一對(duì)夫婦50年的生活。A.theater戲?。籅.science科學(xué)；C.flower花；D.sports運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)“Sowhenweweregiventheopportunitytowriteascript(劇本)”可知，此處表示有機(jī)會(huì)為戲劇節(jié)寫劇本。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.water水；B.fruit水果；C.music音樂；D.food食物。根據(jù)下文“thankstotheMusicforDementiacampaign.”可知，此處指音樂。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，10年過去了，多虧了“為癡呆癥而音樂”活動(dòng)，我制作的節(jié)目又在倫敦上演了。A.performed表現(xiàn)，表演；B.watched觀看；C.recorded記錄；D.made制作。根據(jù)“runningagaininLondon”可知，作者制作的節(jié)目又一次上演。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我現(xiàn)在知道，以音樂為基礎(chǔ)的干預(yù)減少了超過60%的癡呆癥患者對(duì)抗精神病藥物的需求。A.repeat重復(fù)；B.protect保護(hù)；C.reduce減少；D.ignore忽視。根據(jù)“theneedforantipsychoticmedication(抗精神病藥物)”可知，以音樂為基礎(chǔ)的干預(yù)減少了超過60%的癡呆癥患者對(duì)抗精神病藥物的需求。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.livingwith和……住在一起，患上；B.hearingof聽說；C.escapingfrom從……逃跑；D.focusingon集中于，專注于。根據(jù)“dementia”可知，此處表示患上癡呆癥共存的老人們。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道我的《我的方式》會(huì)是什么，但我當(dāng)然認(rèn)為我們都應(yīng)該努力找到我們的歌，盡我們最大的努力與我們分享的人保持聯(lián)系。A.show演出；B.time時(shí)間；C.speech演講；D.song歌。根據(jù)“Idon’tknowwhatmyMyWaywouldbe”可知，此處指歌曲。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.take拿走；B.share分享；C.discuss談?wù)?；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“doourbesttostayconnectedtothepeople”可知，此處表示盡我們最大的努力與我們分享的人保持聯(lián)系。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Over400piecesorsetsofDehuawhiteporcelain(瓷)are____36____displayintheNationalMuseumofChinainBeijingfromAug26forthreemonths.AccordingtoChenChao,____37____artistdevotedtoporcelainresearch,Dehuaporcelainisextraordinarilypureandwhitebecausethekaolin(高嶺土)inDehuacountyinFujianhasalowpercentageofiron,makingtheporcelainstainlesslikewhitejade,and____38____(earn)ittheFrenchname“BlancdeChine”,or“whitefromChina”.SittinginQuanzhoucity,____39____theancientMaritimeSilkRoadstarted,ithassoldlikehotcakesathomeandabroadsincetheSongDynasty.In2006,it____40____(list)asanationalintangibleculturalheritage.Despitethepastglories,Dehuacraftsmenneverstopimprovingtheirskills.Oneimpressiveskillis“theeggshell(薄胎)technique”,which____41____(date)backtotheMingDynasty.Withthetechnique____42____(improve)bygenerationsofcraftsmen,today'seggshellporcelaincanbemadeasthinaspaperandgauze(薄紗).Manypeoplewonderhowanoutstandingartworkcouldbemadefromporcelain.“First,alayerofkaolinisappliedtosheetsofpaper.Then,thepaperisheatedinakiln(窯)forseveraldays____43____itturnsintoashes.”explainedChen.However,thisismucheasiersaidthandone.Thefailurerateis____44____(extreme)high,soeveryworkconsumesthecraftsman'stimeandenergy.“BlancdeChineis