2010年4月自考00832英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)試題及答案含解析

英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)年月真題

0083220104

1、【單選題】Whenwetalkaboutawordinvisualterms,awordcanbedefinedas

a____groupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.

small

meaningful

A:

vocal

B:

large

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundand

meaningandsyntacticfunction.

2、【單選題】____belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemsto

standbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailable

toeveryoneandin-groupwords.

Terminology

Jargon

A:

Slang

B:

Argot

C:

答D:案：C

解析：俚語(yǔ)的概念Slangisacategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandard

generalwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwords.

3、【單選題】“I'msurethattheywillcometoday.”Thereare____contentwords

intheabovesentence.

2

3

A:

4

B:

5

C:

答D:案：B

解析：sure,come,today。實(shí)義詞就是在句中充當(dāng)成分時(shí)有意義這類(lèi)詞有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞

等,虛詞,在句中僅僅起連接作用而無(wú)詞義,這類(lèi)詞有介詞、冠詞等。

4、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingisoneofthethreechannelsthroughwhich

modernEnglishvocabularydevelops?

Acronym.

Blending.

A:

Elevation.

B:

Borrowing.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：詞匯的發(fā)展Threechannels包括Creation,Semanticchange,Borrowing。D符

合選項(xiàng)。

5、【單選題】Social,economicandpoliticalchangesbringaboutsuchnewwords

asthefollowingsEXCEPT____.

kungfu

TVdinner

A:

fastfood

B:

Watergate

C:

答D:案：A

解析：詞匯的發(fā)展解析：現(xiàn)代詞匯有三個(gè)主要來(lái)源：1.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)和技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展社

會(huì)；2.經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的變化；3.其它文化和語(yǔ)言的影響。kungfu屬于第三種

6、【單選題】Inmoderntimes,____isthemostimportantwayofvocabulary

expansion.

semanticchange

borrowing

A:

expansion

B:

creation

C:

答D:案：D

解析：新詞匯產(chǎn)生的模式borrowing在新詞匯產(chǎn)生的過(guò)程中起的作用越來(lái)越??；隨著現(xiàn)代

社會(huì)的發(fā)展creation成為越來(lái)越重要的造詞方式。

7、【單選題】Thepluralmorphme“-s”isrealizdby/Iz/afterthefollowing

soundsEXCEPT____.

/s/

/g/

A:

B:

/z/

/ろ/

C:

答D:案：B

解析：音素變體實(shí)例考察解析：音節(jié)/s//z//?//t?/,/d?/之后發(fā)/-iz/，如：

classes,dishes,garages,damages,etc./g/為濁音，后跟/z/而非/iz/。

8、【單選題】Theword“idealistic”comprises____morphemes.

1

2

A:

3

B:

4

C:

答D:案：C

解析：音素知識(shí)的應(yīng)用idealistic三個(gè)音素分別為ideal,ist和ic。

9、【單選題】ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT____.

happier

worker

A:

harder

B:

taller

C:

答D:案：B

解析：音素的分類(lèi)worker中的er并無(wú)語(yǔ)法功能，而是將動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，因此屬于

derivationalaffix。

10、【單選題】“Washingmachine”isawordformedby____.

prefixation

compounding

A:

conversion

B:

blending

C:

答D:案：B

解析：復(fù)合詞的概念。

11、【單選題】“TV”isa(n)____.

initialism

A:

acronym

derivative

B:

compound

C:

答D:案：A

解析：造詞法acronym造詞會(huì)有自己作為獨(dú)立單詞的發(fā)音；而initialism造詞，詞匯的

發(fā)音為字母組合。

12、【單選題】Theprefix“mis-”intheword“mistrust”isa____prefix.

negative

reversative

A:

pejorative

B:

locative

C:

答D:案：C

解析：前綴的分類(lèi)Pejorativeprefixesincludemal-,mis-,pseudo-.

13、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemeaningsof“word

meaning”?

Reference.

Concept.

A:

Sense.

B:

Pronunciation.

C:

答D:案：D

14、【單選題】Suchsynonymouspairas“die-passaway”hasthesame____but

differentstylisticvalues.

reference

concept

A:

motivation

B:

style

C:

答D:案：B

解析：對(duì)不同語(yǔ)義概念的把握die與passaway雖然都表示人去世這一概念，然而卻有著

不同的文體含義。

15、【單選題】Theword“airmail”is____motivated.

onomatopoeically

etymologically

A:

semantically

B:

morphologically

C:

答D:案：D

解析：對(duì)motivation不同分類(lèi)的把握airmail屬于復(fù)合詞，其含義即air和mail兩個(gè)單

詞組合的含義，因而選D。該題注意對(duì)morphologicalmotivation概念的把握。

16、【單選題】Wordsarearbitrarysymbolswithindependentidentitiessofaras

theirspellingandpronunciationisconcerned.But____,allwordsarerelated

inonewayoranother.

linguistically

semantically

A:

grammatically

B:

pragmatically

C:

答D:案：B

解析：Senserelations不同詞匯可以通過(guò)這種或那種的方式發(fā)生語(yǔ)義上的關(guān)系。如

synonymy和antonymy。B符合題意。

17、【單選題】____,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofword-meaning

calledthecentralmeaning.

Onomatopoeically

Diachronically

A:

Synchronically

B:

Etymologically

C:

答D:案：C

解析：一詞多義關(guān)系的歷時(shí)與共時(shí)歷時(shí)是指隨著時(shí)間發(fā)展，同一詞匯逐漸發(fā)展出了不同

的含義；而從共時(shí)則指在某一特定時(shí)期，同一詞匯具有不同的含義。

18、【單選題】Oneimportantcriteriontotellthefundamentaldifferencebetween

homonymsandpolysemantsistoseetheir____.

ideology

etymology

A:

mythology

B:

methodology

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：對(duì)語(yǔ)義關(guān)系內(nèi)涵的理解一詞多義關(guān)系中，單一詞匯的不同含義是由于時(shí)間發(fā)展而逐

漸賦予該詞匯的含義；而同形同音意義詞匯則不同，它需要有兩個(gè)詞匯，這兩個(gè)詞匯拼寫(xiě)

相同但含義完全不同。最開(kāi)始它們或許有著不同的拼寫(xiě)，但由于歷史原因或外來(lái)詞的原

因，逐漸發(fā)展成同樣拼寫(xiě)方式，其實(shí)事實(shí)上兩個(gè)單詞只是湊巧外表相同而已。

19、【單選題】Vocabularyisthemost____elementofalanguageasitis

undergoingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent.

unbalanced

unstable

A:

unhinged

B:

undoubted

C:

答D:案：B

解析：詞匯的發(fā)展隨著時(shí)間發(fā)展，一個(gè)語(yǔ)言它的詞匯部分是最容易發(fā)生改變的，包括舊

詞匯的淘汰和新詞匯的創(chuàng)造。

20、【單選題】InShakespeare'swell-knownHamlet,rivalmeans“____”andjump

means“just”.

janitor

partner

A:

collector

B:

observer

C:

答D:案：B

解析：詞匯含義的演變除了對(duì)詞匯發(fā)展概念的把握以外，該題目更考察了考生的基本

功，正確答案為B。

21、【單選題】Inthesentence“Justaftertwoyearsheisquiteagrownboy

now.”Thewordgrowncanbeclassifiedinto____senseoftransfer.

physical

objective

A:

sensational

B:

subjective

C:

答D:案：D

解析：詞匯含義的變化transfer作為詞匯含義變化的一種形式，表示本來(lái)指某種概念的

詞開(kāi)始代表另一種概念。

22、【單選題】Insomecases,themeaningofawordmaybeinfluencedbythe

structureinwhichitoccurs.Thisiscalled____context.

non-linguistic

lexical

A:

grammatical

B:

cultural

C:

答D:案：C

解析：引起詞匯變化的因素包括詞匯因素和詞匯外因素。該題中的structure即語(yǔ)法，

因而選C。

23、【單選題】Thesentence“Heisahardbusinessman.”isambiguousdueto____.

grammaticalstructure

lexicalcontext

A:

homonymy

B:

polysemy

C:

答D:案：D

解析：歧意產(chǎn)生的原因句子中的hard在不同語(yǔ)境中，會(huì)有不同的含義。它的多種含義導(dǎo)

致了該句子容易產(chǎn)生歧意。

24、【單選題】Theextra-linguisticcontextmayextendtoembracetheentire____.

physicalsituation

grammaticalstructure

A:

mentalactivity

B:

culturalbackground

C:

答D:案：D

解析：外詞匯因素。外詞匯因素實(shí)際指出詞匯外的所有因素。其中文化因素包括了A和C

選項(xiàng)，而B(niǎo)則屬于詞匯因素的范圍。

25、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOTonerespectoftherhetorical

featuresofidioms?

Phoneticmanipulation.

Lexicalmanipulation.

A:

B:

Syntacticalmanipulation.

Figuresofspeech.

C:

答D:案：C

解析：習(xí)語(yǔ)的特征由對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)不同的特征的認(rèn)識(shí)可知該題選C。

26、【單選題】Innothingflatasanidiomis____innature.

verbal

nominal

A:

adjectival

B:

adverbial

C:

答D:案：D

解析：習(xí)語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)。由對(duì)該習(xí)語(yǔ)的使用可知，該習(xí)語(yǔ)在句子中使用時(shí)多為狀語(yǔ)使用。

27、【單選題】Theidiom“failureisthemotherofsuccess”isa____asfaras

figuresofspeechareconcerned.

simile

metaphor

A:

metonymy

B:

personification

C:

答D:案：D

解析：習(xí)語(yǔ)的文體特征拋開(kāi)對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)問(wèn)題特征的認(rèn)識(shí)，從常識(shí)上來(lái)回答，該習(xí)語(yǔ)明顯使用

了擬人的修辭手法。

28、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthethreegoodgeneral

dictionariesmentionedinthetextbook?

LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish.

Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionary.

A:

AChinese-EnglishDictionary.

B:

CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：主要字詞的名稱(chēng)該題目并不難，但很大程度考察了考生的記憶能力。由題可知只

有B不符合題意。

29、【單選題】Webster'sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryisthebest-

known______dictionary.

unabridged

desk

A:

pocket

B:

encyclopedic

C:

答D:案：A

30、【單選題】Britishdictionariesgenerallyuse____tomarkthepronunciation.

BritishPhoneticAlphabet

AmericanPhoneticAlphabet

A:

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

B:

Webster'sPhoneticAlphabet

C:

答D:案：C

解析：詞典知識(shí)大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)詞典均是用國(guó)際音標(biāo)作為標(biāo)音符號(hào)。

31、【問(wèn)答題】MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththewordsinColumnBaccording

to1)typesoftransfer;2)rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;3)typesofvocabulary

bynotion;and4)thefunctionofaffixes.A31\.appreciativemeanings

32.parent/child33.pejorativeprefixes34.man/woman35.hyperactive/superfreeze

36.collocativemeaning37.decompose/unwrap38.pejorativemeaning

39.radios/desks40.locativeprefixesBA.maltreatB.Jap/niggerC.tremble

(notquiver)withfearD.famous/determinedE.extraordinary/telecommunication

F.prefixesofdegreeG.inflectionalaffixesH.reversativeprefixesI.

contradictorytermsJ.relativeterms

答案：31.D32.J33.A34.I35.F36.C37.H38.B39.G40.E

32、【問(wèn)答題】Whatarederivationalaffixes?

答案：Derivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenew

words.

33、【問(wèn)答題】Whatisgrammaticalmeaningofaword?Giveanexampleto

illustrateyourpoint.

答案：Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningoftheword

whichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeech

ofwords,singularandpluralmeaningofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsand

theirinflectionalforms.Forexample,forget(baseverb),forgets(3rd

personsingularform),forgot(pastform),forgotten(presentperfectform)

andforgetting(progressiveform).

34、【問(wèn)答題】Whattypeoftransferisexperiencedforthewordinboldtype?

Thefairytale“TheSleepingBeauty”isveryinteresting.

答案：abstracttoconcrete

35、【問(wèn)答題】Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,basedon

yourunderstandingofthestylisticfeaturesofidioms.Stylisticallyspeaking,

mostidiomsareneitherformalnorinformal.

答案：False.Idiomsaregenerallyfelttobeinformalandsomeare

colloquialismsandslang,thereforeinappropriateforformalstyle.

Occasionallywefindidiomswhichareextremelyformalandusedonlyinfrozen

style.

36、【問(wèn)答題】Analyzeandcomment,withadiagram,ontheitalicizedwords

increase,extendandexpandinthefollowingthreesentencesbasedontheconcept

ofdiscriminationofsynonyms.[a]Thecompanyhasdecidedtoincreaseitssales

bytenpercentnextyear.[b]Theowneroftherestaurantisgoingtoextend

thekitchenbytenfeetthisyear.[c]Themetalwillexpandifheated.

答案：

Synonymsmaydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Somewordshave

awiderrangeofmeaningthanothers.Increase,extendandexpandshare

ageneralsensebuthavedifferentimplications.Eachofthethree

termsexpressesadifferentkindofenlargement.Thiscanbeillustratedby

thefollowinggraphs.

37、【問(wèn)答題】Statetherolesofcontextindeterminationofwordmeaning.

Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.

答案：Contextplaysavitalroleinthefollowingthreeaspects.1)

EliminationofAmbiguity.Whenwordwithmultiplemeaningsisused

ininadequatecontext,itcreatesambiguity,e.g."Heisahard

businessman."Thewordhardinthiscontextcanmeanbothhardworkingand

'difficult'.Thecontextfailstonarrowdownthemeaningsothatitis

difficultforthereadertodecidewhatexactlythespeakermeans.2)

IndicationofReferents.Englishhasalargenumberofwordssuchasnow/then,

here/there,/you,this/that,whichareoftenusedtoreferdirectlytopeople,

time,place,etc.Withoutclearcontext,thereferencecanbeveryconfusing.

Forexample,thewordnowalwaysmeansthetimeofspeaking,naturallyrefeming

toapasttimewhenthespeechtookplaceinthepastorapresentmomentif

thepersonisspeaking.3)ProvisionofCluesforInferringWordMeaning

Contextmayproveextremelyyaluableinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords.

Contextcluesvaryagreatdealbutcanbesummedupasfollows:definition;

explanation;examplesynonymy;antonymy,hyponymy;relevantdetails;word

structure.

38、【填空題】Grammariansinsistthatawordbea____formthatcanfunctionin

asentence.

答案：free

39、【填空題】InmodernEnglish,wordendingsweremostlylostwithjustafew

exceptionsbecauseEnglishhasevolvedfromasyntheticlanguagetothe

present____language.

答案：analytic

40、【填空題】Themorphemescanbegroupedintofreemorphemesand____morphemes.

答案：bound

41、【填空題】New