2024年北京市西城區(qū)2024屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷及答案

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)2024北京西城高三一模英語(yǔ)第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass."Ihadamildstutter（結(jié)巴）.I'dbe1togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith'D'or'TH',orImightsay'the'threetimes,"Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto2.Susanwenthomeand3howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe4fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.5shewasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe'dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn'thavetobeasourceof6.Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she7ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga（n）8hehadhadonherconfidence."Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,"shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto9herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation.Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe'sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife."Idon'tknowwhereIwould'vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice10becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I'dliketothankhimforthatkindness."1. A.continuing B.struggling C.pretending D.hoping2. A.share B.express C.find D.bear3. A.taught B.proved C.revealed D.promised4. A.excused B.prohibited C.corrected D.discouraged5. A.While B.Although C.Unless D.Once6. A.jealousy B.worry C.boredom D.loneliness7. A.wanted B.offered C.landed D.created8. A.impact B.idea C.choice D.stress9. A.judge B.contact C.study D.interview10. A.sweet B.loud C.quiet D.deep第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AI'llneverforgetmyfirstvisittoChina.Mumencouragedmetotrydifferentkindsoffood,andIdid!Ilovedeverything.ButjustwhenIthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu.Ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe."Youneedn'ttryit11youdon'twantto,"Mumsaid.ButI12（gather）allmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn'tsobad.Itremindedmeofbluecheese,asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeoffoodyoueitherloveorhate.MaybeI13（fall）inlovewithstinkytofu-someday.BThe5-SecondRulesuggestsfoodisOKtoeatifyoupickitup14fivesecondsorless.Believeitornot,scientistshavetestedtherule.We'resorrytoreportit'snotnecessarilytrue.Bacteriacanattach15（it）toyourfoodinstantly,regardlessofhowquicklyit16（pick）up.Foodleftthereforfivesecondsorlesswillprobablycollectlessbacteriathanfoodsittingthereforalongertime,butfastmaynotbefastenough.Floors,evenclean-lookingones,harborbacteria.Ultimately,ifindoubt.abandonthefood17（avoid）potentialillness.CYourhometowncouldaffectyournavigational（導(dǎo)航的）skills.Newresearchindicatesthatindividuals18（raise）incitieswithstructuredstreetpatternsmayencounterdifficultiesinnavigationcomparedtothosefromruralareaswithmoreorganiclayouts.Thisconclusionwasdrawnfromastudy19（involve）playersofamobilegameaboutsea,20tests3-Dnavigationskills.However,there'shopeforcityresidents:anurbanversionofthegameshowedslightimprovementsforthem.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADiscoveryPassWithaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass,youcan?getunlimitedbookedtraveltomorethan365destinationsontheNSWTrainLinkRegionaltrainandcoachnetwork?chooseapassthatsuitsyourtravelplans:14days,onemonth,threemonthsorsixmonths?chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyourstyle:EconomyorFirstClass（Premium）.PleasenotethatyoucannotbookachildticketonlinewithaDiscoveryPass.Youwillinsteadneedtocall132232orvisitasalesagent.Beforepurchasingapass,pleasereadtherelevanttermsandrules.ANSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassisnon-refundableanditcannotbeassignedtoanotherperson.PricesPasstype14days1month3months6monthsAdultEconomy$232$275$298$420AdultPremium$300$350$400$550ChildEconomy$121$143$154$220ChildPremium$154$176$220$275HowtopurchaseapassandbooktripsStep1:PurchaseaDiscoveryPassChooseatimelimitandclassoftravelthatsuitsyourneeds.Step2:BookyourtripsAfteryoupurchaseaDiscoveryPass,youhaveuptoonemonthtobookyourfirsttrip.Thetimelimitonyourpasswillstartfromthedeparturedateofyourfirstbookedtrip.Alltripsmustbebookedandtakenbeforetheexpiry（到期）dateindicatedonthepass.Youmustbookeachtripbeforeyoutravel.Findoutmoreaboutwaystobookyourticket?Visitourwebsite:https://tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket21.YoucanuseaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassto______.A.bookachildticketonline B.chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyou C.chooseaweekly,monthlyoryearlypass D.getbookedtraveltounlimiteddestinations22.Ifamotherwithachildwantstobuyaone-monthNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassforEconomyClass,sheshouldpayA.$353 B.$418 C.$693 D.$87623.WhatcanweknowaboutaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass?A.Apasscanbegiventoanotherperson.B.ApasscanberefundedtoNSWTrains.C.Thetimelimitonapassstartsfromthedayofyourpurchase.D.Youshouldbookyourfirsttripwithinonemonthafteryourpurchase.BAsthisyeardrawstoaclose,IstillrememberthefearIfeltonabrightSaturdaymorninginlateSeptember,atafive-kilometerraceinClarkston,Georgia,asIwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthefinishline.Iknewhecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn'tseehimatthe35-minutemark,Ibegantowonderwhathadgonewrong.Hadhegottenlost?Washehitbyacar?Aboutanhourearlier,whenwedroveintotown,mysonnoticedaninsectonmycar.Itwasbrightgreen,nolongerthanafingernail.Anditwasfriendly.Thislittlegreenthinghoppedontomyson'sfinger,whereitstayedforalong,longtime.Itstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveitaname:LittleFriend.Afewminutesbeforetherace,LittleFriendjumpedoffmyson'shandandlandedonthesidewalk.Butpedestriantrafficwasheavyandunpredictable.LittleFriendwasindanger.Somysonkneltandreachedouthishand.LittleFriendcameback.Theracewasabouttostart,andthetinygreeninsectwasinforawildride.Mysonwouldrunfast,andtheracewouldbelong,andhisarmswouldswing,andLittleFriendwouldeventuallybeshakenoff."YouwillloseLittleFriend,"Itoldhim.Mysonnodded,treatingthemomentwithappropriateseriousness.Theracebegan,andIlostsightofhim.Theexcitementatthefinishlinegavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidnotshowup.Ikeptaskingpeopleifthey'dseenhim.Noonehad.Andbeyondthe40-minutemark,Iwasinapanic.Buttherehewas,thankgoodness,justaheadofthe45-minutemark.AndtherewasLittleFriend,ridingontheuppercrookofhisrightthumblikeaverysmallcaptainonaverytallship.Mypredictionshadbeenwrong.Mysonhadnotrunfast,andhehadnotlostLittleFriend.Andthesetwofactsseemedsomehowrelated.Heblamedacoldhewasgettingover.Isuspecteditwasmorethanthat,butIdidn'tquestionhimtoomuchaboutit.Wewalkedbacktothecar,smiling,andfoundsomebushesintheparkinglotthatseemedlikeagoodplaceformysontodropoffLittleFriend.“Befree,”mysonsaid,andgentlyputitinthebushes.Mysonknewthetruth.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,afragile,short-livedtreasureinyourhand.Thereisnoneedtorushahead.Treatitgently.Enjoyeachmoment.Holdonwhileyoucan.Onedaymysonwillleavetoo,runningoffonhisownadventure.24.Howdidthewriterprobablyfeelwhenhefinallysawhissonappearinsight?A.Relieved. B.Depressed. C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed.25.Thesonfailedtorunasfastashisfatherhadexpectedprobablybecause____.A.hewaslost B.hewasrecoveringfromacoldC.hewasafraidtolosethetinyinsect D.hewassloweddownbytheheavytraffic26.AsforthewayhissontreatedLittleFriend,thewriteris______.A.indifferent B.anxious C.appreciative D.doubtful27.Whatwillthewritermostprobablydoaftertherace?A.Treasureeverymomenthehaswithhisson.B.Encouragehissontotakemoreadventures.C.Tellhissontotakeracesseriously.D.Getmoreinsectsforhisson.CEvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics（倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,"HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?"Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach."AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledtoaddressthenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren'tjustcrucialforaddressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory（先行的）governance,"saidSelinger.Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidlygrowingtechnologiesisSelinger'sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject."OneoftheskillsIbringtothetableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.Wecantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,"saidSelinger.TakingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoingjourneyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-stepapproachforgoodgovernance."AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere'sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingandapplyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,"saidSelinger."SomepeoplearerightlyworriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto'ethicswashing'-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,I'vehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsomeexperts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions."SomeofSelinger'srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,suchasthehumanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocusonpolicy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance（監(jiān)視）approaches.SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsandresponsibleAI."Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoalstheircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,"saidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture."28.Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause____.A.humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethicsB.itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernanceC.AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutionsD.itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues29.TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould______.A.adoptasystematicapproach B.applyinnovativetechnologiesC.anticipateethicalrisksbeforehand D.establishaccountabilitymechanisms30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.B.UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.C.Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents'values.D.Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.DWhilesomeallergies（過(guò)敏癥）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.ThesecellsproduceadifferentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfectionsButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing.theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells.whichtheynamedMBC2s.thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergiesInanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremore.plentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK.thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,"Lafaillesays.Shealsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient'sallergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.“Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,"saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine."Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies."31.Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.C.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.D.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.32.Whatdoestheword"desensitize"underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Make...lessdestructive. B.Make...lessresponsive.C.Make...lessprotective. D.Make...lesseffective.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams'work?A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.D.Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.34.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearchB.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentifiedC.UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergiesD.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearintheU.S.35Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.36Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlikefantasticgifts.Butitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.37Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.38Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andonewaywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby.39Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouandappreciateyourgiftmore.A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongertimeperiod.G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegiftitself.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornewwaystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorothernaturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirdssingingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsomementalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthatcouldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation（冥想）apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentlewind,andlightrainfall.However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysidetoseebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesoundsthatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?AccordingtoresearchbyCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,evenarecordingofthesoundsofbirdshadaprofoundeffectonpeople'smood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheirwellbeing.So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccessthewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawoodorviasomeheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyoutorelaxafteralong,hardday.40.WhatdidthestudybyKing'sColleg