藥學專業(yè)英語視聽教程 課件 lecture 1 Physiology and Pathology

中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityLectureOnePhysiologyandPathology中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityendocrinehomeostasisparabiosisdepolarizationpancreas中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversitythrombusruptureatherosclerosisglucagonendothelial中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityitmakesenzymesforthedigestionoffats,carbohydratesandproteinsthataresecretedintothelumenoftheduodenumitproducesglucagonfromalphacellsandamylinandinsulinfrombetacells,whichallgetsecretedintotheblood中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityGLUT2transportersmetabolizedtoproduceATPATPsensitivepotassiumchannelsinthemembraneandclosethemdepolarizationsincethepotentialforpotassiumtoleavehasdecreasedacorrespondingnumberofcalciumvoltage-gatedchannelstoopenpre-synthesizedvesiclescontaininginsulinandamylinentertheblood中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityGLUT2exocytosis中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversitybindtoinsulinreceptorslocatedonmuscleandfatcellstranslocationoftheglucosetransporterGLUT4intothecellmembraneglucosetoleavethebloodtoenterthemuscleandfatcellsfatstoredasglycogenorbeutilizedtomakeATP中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversitystemorganismspermsubcellular中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversitymitochondrianutrientsembryonic中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversitycontractbonemarrow中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity

Vocabularymedication[?med??ke??n]藥物anemia[??nimi?]貧血osteoporosis[??sti??p??r??s?s]骨質(zhì)疏松癥fracture[?fr?kt??(r)]骨折GERD:gastroesophageal[g?str??i?s?f?d???l]refluxdisease胃食管返流病asthma[??sm?]哮喘gravity[?ɡr?v?ti]重力sphincter[?sf??kt?(r)]括約肌nicotine[?n?k?ti?n]尼古丁中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityTrueorFalse1.Heartburnisamedicalconditionrelatedtotheheart.2.Medicationistheonlywaytostopheartburn.3.Medicationsforheartburncanbetakenforlongperiodwithoutanyadversereactions(不良反應(yīng)).4.Chewingbeforeswallowingisagoodeatinghabit.5.Whatisportionsize?Trytogetsomecluesfromthepicture.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityServingSizeversusPortionSize（食物份量)（食物分量)中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity1.Isstickingtomedicationsalwaysagoodwaytodealwithheartburn?Andwhy?No.Medicationscouldbeprettyharmfultopeople.Thesemedicineswork,buttheyareonlysupposedtobetakenforashortperiodoftime.Patientsthatoverusethesemedicationshaveahigherincidenceofanemia,osteoporosis,andhipfractures.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity2.AccordingtoDoctorJorgeRodriguez,whatwillcauseGERD?FoodingestionAcidproductionAcidrefluxfromstomachtoesophagusburningsensationirritationtorespiratorytractandtriggeringofasthmapre-cancersorcanceroftheesophagus3.WhatwillbetheconsequencesofGERD?中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity4.Whatarethepossiblewaystostopheartburn?Don’tgotobedorliedownrightafteryoueat;PropthebedPortionsizeChewthefoodbeforeswallowingLoosenyourbeltandsitupstraightTakeyourtimetoeatDon’tgethunchedover(彎腰駝背)Nolate-nighteatingCutdownthestressReducetheconsumptionofalcoholandnicotine…中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity

Vocabularyrejuvenate[r??d?u?v?ne?t]使年輕，使更有活力cognition[k?ɡ?n??n]認知neurodegenerativedisease神經(jīng)退行性疾病neuropathologist神經(jīng)病理學家Alzheimer’sdisease[??ltsha?m?zd?zi?z]阿爾茨海默病dementia[d??men??]癡呆susceptibility[s??sept??b?l?ti]（疾?。┮赘行詁ioinformatics[?ba?????nf??m?t?ks]生物信息學chronological[?kr?n??l?d??kl]按時間順序的，按時間計算的inflammation[??nfl??me??n]炎癥中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheverybeginningofthespeechwhenthespeakertalksaboutthepaintingfromthe16thcentury—theFountainofYouth?Everyculture,everycivilizationhasdreamedoffindingeternalyouth.ThereseemstobeaFountainofYouthformice.

----oldmusclefromamousecanberejuvenated,

ifit’sexposedtoyoungbloodthrougha

commoncirculation;----similarrejuvenatingeffectscouldbeobserved

inthepancreas,theliverandtheheart;----anoldmouseexposedtoayoungblood

showsayoungerbrain,andabrainthat

functionsbetter中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity2.Whatchangesoccurwhenpeoplegetolder?Cognitiveabilitiesaredeclining.Thesynapsesstarttodeteriorate,neuronsdieandthebrainstartstoshrink.Thesusceptibilityfortheseneurodegenerativediseasesincreases.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity3.Howwastheexperimentabouttheanalysisofbloodsamplesfromhealthyhumanbeingswiththeageof20–89conducted?Whatwasrevealedfromtheexperiment?Almost300bloodsamplesfromhealthyhumanbeingswerecollectedandover100ofcommunicationfactorsweremeasured.

Abouthalfofthesefactorschangedsignificantlybetweentheyoungestandtheoldestgroup.

Thereisagoodcorrelationbetweenthechronologicalageandthebiologicalagepreidctedfromthesefactors.

Thereareoutliersthatarefarfromthecorrelationcurve.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity1.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutintheexperimentusingthemodelofparabiosis?Andwhatarethereasonsfortheseresults?Therearemoreneuralstemcellsthatmakenewneuronsintheseoldbrains.Therearemoregenesexpressedthatareknowntobeinvolvedintheformationofnewmemories.Thereislessbadinflammation.Itmustbethesolublefactorsintheblood—plasma—thatcausedthesechanges.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity2.Whatdidtheresearchersdototestthememoryofoldmice?Andwhatdidtheresultsreveal?Abigtableisdesignedtohavelotsofholesinit,butonlyoneofholesisconnectedwithatubemountedunderneath.Micecanbetrainedtofindthissingleholesincetheywanttoescapefromthebrightlight.Thetimeittakesforthemousetofindthiswholeisameasurementofmemory.中國藥科大學ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityTheoldmousetreatedwithyounghumanplasmashowe