2024年廣東省深圳市中考總復(fù)習(xí)10動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和鞏固練習(xí)

2024中考總復(fù)習(xí)10：動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和鞏固練習(xí)【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，系動(dòng)詞be隨著人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化而變化。如： Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.Afactorywasbuiltinthisvillagelastyear.2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種不同時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下表所示：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is/am/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedeveryday.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+doneThedumplingsweremadeyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be+doneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are+being+doneTheroomisbeingcleanednow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+doneMykeyhasn’tbeenfound.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+doneThecarwasbeingrepairedthen.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+been+doneThetworoadshadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastmonth.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+be+doneMikesaidanewfilmwouldbeshown.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneTheworkmustbefinishedontime.3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于以下幾種情況：1) 不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，如： Thewindowwasbrokenlastnight.2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者而非執(zhí)行者，如： Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3) 說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常用句型：Itissaidthat... Itisreportedthat...Itishopedthat... Itisbelievedthat...4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則應(yīng)把賓格改為主格；2) 把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+過(guò)去分詞），注意雖然其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化，但是動(dòng)詞的 時(shí)態(tài)保持不變；3) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后做賓語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則把主格變?yōu)橘e格（by短語(yǔ)可 以省略）；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者4) make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel,let等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中與省略t0的動(dòng) 詞不定 式連用，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須還原to，如： Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.5) 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞，如：Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.5. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況1) 不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞包括：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook, lock,wash,drive,keep等，如： Thebookssellwell.2) 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如： Theappletastesnice.3) 不定式在某些形容詞之后，如easy,difficult,hard,impossible之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如： Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.4) “have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思，如： I’llhavemyhaircutsoon.5) 作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的need,want,require表示“需要”時(shí)，接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，如： Yourvegetablesneedwatering.【鞏固練習(xí)】I. 用括號(hào)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Thestudents_________(plant)morethantwohundredtreessofar.2. Someboys______(ask)togofishingwiththeirteacherafterclassyesterdayafternoon,thoughtheydidn’t wantto.3. Mymotherenjoys_______(listen)tosomepopularsongs.4. Wouldyoumind______(open)thedoorforme?5. Itisraininghardoutside.Youhadbetter_______(stay)athome.6. Whynot______(go)shoppingwithmethisafternoon?7. Wewilleandhelpyouifit_______(be)finetomorrow.8. Doyouknowthatyoungtreesmust_______(water)onceaweek?9. Yourmother________(watch)TVwhenwegottoyourhouse.10. Listen!Someone______(sing)inyourroom.Whoisit?【參考答案】1.haveplanted2.wereasked3.listening4.opening5.stay6.go7.is8.bewatered9.waswatching10.issingingII.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)完成句子。1. Anotherrailwaystation_____inChangshain5years.A.wasbuiltB.buildC.willbebuilt2. Theroad______lastyear.A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt3. Lastmonthanewlaw________inChinatostoppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.A.ispassedB.passesC.hadpassedD.waspassed4. —CanyousingthisEnglishsong? —Ofcourse,Ican.It_______manytimesontheradio. A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaught5. Teenagers______tofollowthetrafficrules. A.shouldbetaughtB.shouldteachC.canbeallowed6. —Whatacleanandbrightclassroom,isn’tit? —Yes,it’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseit______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned7. Studentsare_____tospeakloudlyinthereadingroom. A.toldB.supposedC.notsupposedD.allowed8. Thefunnystorymadeallofus_______foralongtime.A.smiledB.laughedC.laughD.tolaugh9. Theoldmanlooksvery__________.A.worryB.worryingC.worriedD.toworry10. —MayIwatchthefootballmatchonTV?—Ifyourhomework________,youcanwatchit.A.willdoB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.willbedone11. She_______inthenextroomjustnow.Shemustbetherenow.A.heardtosingB.washeardtosingC.heardsingingD.heardsing12. —Mybikeisbroken?—Whynothaveit_______?A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepair13. He______makefacesinclassbytheteacheryesterday.A.askednottoB.askedtonotC.wasaskednottoD.wasaskedtonot14. Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels15. Hewasmade______hishomeworkforthreehoursbyhismother.A.doingB.todoC.doD.does16. Oh,themilk________strange—doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?A.istasted

B.istastingC.

tastes

D.tasted17. Thesebooksshould________tothelibraryontime.A.send

B.bereturnedC.giveback

D.begotback18. Couldyoutellmewhich________bestamongthebooksonsale?A.issold

B.sells

C.arewritten

D.writes19. Mostinternationalbusinessletters________inEnglish.A.iswritten

B.arewrittenC.iswriting

D.arewriting20. Youwerenoticed______thewindow_______justnow.A.breaking,openB.tobreak,openC.opening,breakD.tobebroken,open【參考答案】1.C。本題是考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in5years可知選C。2.C。本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)閠heroad是主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)間是lastyear用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選C。3.D。本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)閍newlaw是主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，lastmonth用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選D。4.D。本題是考查動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)it代替thisEnglishsong，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又知到目前為止已經(jīng)被教許多次了，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以選D。5.A。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用shouldbedone形式，句意為“青少年應(yīng)該被教遵循交通規(guī)則”。6.C。本題考查動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)榻淌颐刻毂磺鍧?，所以選C。7.C。本題是考查besupposedtodo的句式，意為“理應(yīng)做某事”，這里表示否定，句意為“學(xué)生本不應(yīng)該在閱覽室里大聲說(shuō)話”所以選擇C。8.C。在動(dòng)詞make的后面用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式即動(dòng)詞原形作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以選擇C。9.C。本題是考查動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的用法，過(guò)去分詞worried在連系動(dòng)詞的后面作表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示“感到擔(dān)心”，所以選擇C。10.B。本題是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，本句的主語(yǔ)homework不能執(zhí)行后面的動(dòng)作，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。綜合考慮選擇B。11.B。本題是考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)hearsomebodydosom