高中英語語法主謂一致講解及練習(xí)題

主謂一致是指：1)語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2)意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3)就近原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.15.1并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Readingandwritingareveryimportant.讀寫很重要。注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如：Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。典型例題TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注：先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門heLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。15.2主謂一致中的靠近原則1)當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十個(gè)男孩，二十三個(gè)女孩。2)當(dāng)either…or…與neither…nor，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去，就是她去。Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.給你筆、信封和紙。15.3謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致當(dāng)主語有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞組成的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去劃船。15.4謂語需用單數(shù)1)代詞each以及由every,some,no,any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，或主語中含有each,every時(shí),謂語需用單數(shù)。例如：Eachofushasatape-recorder.我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表壞了。2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如：TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。3)表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如：Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三個(gè)星期來做準(zhǔn)備。Tenyuanisenough.十元夠了。15.5指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)1)代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：Allisright.一切順利。Allarepresent.人都到齊了。2)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等詞后，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：Hisfamilyisn\'tverylarge.他家成員不多。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Arethereanypolicearound?附近有警察嗎?3)有些名詞，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.15.6與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1)用halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof等引起主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的錢化在書上了。Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。2)用aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof等引起主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.爐邊有一堆木柴。3)如manya或morethanone所修飾的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由morethan…of作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.許多人讀過這本書。Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個(gè)城市。15.7主謂一致練習(xí)1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.a.amb.bec.isd.are2.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.a.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving3.Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.a.hasbeenb.havebeenc.ared.is4.There______inthisroom.a.aretoomuchfurnitureb.istoomanyfurnituresc.aretoomuchfurnituresd.istoomuchfurniture5.Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.a.wereb.arec.wasd.be6.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.a.amb.isc.ared.was7.NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.a.isb.arec.hasd.was8.Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.a.attendsb.attendc.areattendingd.haveattended9.______waswrong.a.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb.Boththestudentsandtheteacherc.Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10.“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”“Isupposeso.”a.Willbeb.Isc.Ared.Were11.Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.a.areb.hasc.isd.were12.Mostofhissavings______intheXinHuaBank.a.hasbeenkeptb.isbeingkeptc.havekeptd.havebeenkept13.Allthatcanbedone______.a.hasdoneb.hasbeendonec.havedoned.havebeendone14.Oneorperhapsmorepages_______.a.ismissingb.hasbeenmissedc.aremissingd.wasmissing15.Morethanoneworker______dismissed.a.havebeenb.arec.hasbeend.has16.Manyastudent______theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.a.haverealizedb.hasrealizec.havebeenrealizedd.hasbeenrealized17.Thegasworks______nearthecity.a.isb.arec.wered.be18.Thesurroundingsofhishouse______cleannow.a.isb.arec.wasd.were19.Thecommittee______overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.a.hasarguedb.hasbeenarguingc.havearguedd.havebeenarguing20.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.a.isb.wasc.ared.hasbeen21.Cattle______onthehillside.a.grazesb.isgrazingc.wasgrazingd.weregrazing22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen24.ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.a.liesb.liec.layd.lays25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.a.isb.amc.ared.was26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.a.isgoingb.aregoingc.hasbeengoingd.havebeengoing27.Whatcausedtheaccident______ontheroad.a.werestoneb.werestonesc.wasstoned.wasstones28.Wiskyandsoda______hisfavoritedrink.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen29.______istoattendourevening.a.boththesingerandthedancerb.Eitherthesingerordancersc.Thesingerordancersd.Thesingeranddancer30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.a.hadb.hasbeenhavingc.arehavingd.werehaving31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.a.hasbeenlateforb.havebeenlateforc.waslateford.werelaterfor32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.a.amgoingb.isgoingc.aregoingd.wasgoing33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.a.areb.werec.isd.was34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.a.havearrivedb.arearrivingc.hadarrivedd.hasarrived35.Anumberofcars______infrontoftheparka.isparkedb.wasparkedc.areparkedd.hasparked36.thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen37.Themajorityofdoctors______smokingisharmfultohealth.a.arebelievedb.hadbelievedc.hasbelievedd.believe38.Themajorityofthedamage______easytorepair.a.isb.arec.wered.be39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.a.areruinedb.wasruinedc.wereruinedd.havebeenruined40.Three-fourthsofthebuildings______.a.wasdestroyedb.isdestroyedc.weredestroyedd.hasbeendestroyed41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.a.makingb.tomakec.maked.makes42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen43.Theyoung______thevitalforcesinoursociety.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen44.Everyman,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.a.knowsb.knowc.isknownd.areknown45.Noneofthem______myfriends.a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen46.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewhole