地表形態(tài)的塑造7(24份)-人教課標(biāo)版4

第15課八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

Units3—4第15課八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

Units3—4重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)1.open◎觀察思考Thedoorisopen.門是開(kāi)著的。Openthewindowplease.請(qǐng)開(kāi)一下窗戶。...butIcanopenupmystudents’eyestotheoutsideworld.但是我能打開(kāi)學(xué)生通往外面世界的視野。Hedecidedtoopenupabusinessinthecity.他決定在城里開(kāi)一家商店。重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)1.open◎歸納拓展open形容詞，意為“開(kāi)著的”，反義詞為closed。intheopenair在野外。open及物動(dòng)詞，意為“打開(kāi)”，表示打開(kāi)某個(gè)具體的物品。反義詞為close。open不及物動(dòng)詞，與up連用意為“打開(kāi)、開(kāi)辦和開(kāi)設(shè)”。openupone’seyes打開(kāi)某人的視野。◎歸納拓展◎即學(xué)即用1：用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)或詞匯的正確形式填空。beopenopenupopen(1)Theshop

from7∶00amto10∶00pmeveryday.(2)Thecentermall

at8∶30ameveryday.(3)Iwanttotravelaroundtheworldto

mymind.isopenopensopenup◎即學(xué)即用1：isopenopensopenup2.silence

◎觀察思考Robertandhisfriendswalkedhometogetherinsilence.羅伯特和他的朋友一起步行回家，一路上沉默著?！驓w納拓展silence名詞，意為“沉默”。其形容詞形式為silent。insilence副詞性短語(yǔ)，意為“沉默地，靜靜地”。beinsilence＝keep/staysilent詞匯聯(lián)想：insurprise驚訝地。2.silence◎即學(xué)即用2：Shereceivedthebadnews

.她默默地承受了這個(gè)壞消息。insilence◎即學(xué)即用2：insilence3.own

◎觀察思考Youmaywearyourownclothes.你可以穿上你自己的衣服。Ihavearoomofmyown.我有一個(gè)屬于我自己的房間。Iownacomputer.我有一臺(tái)電腦。◎歸納拓展own形容詞，意為“自己的”；動(dòng)詞，意為“擁有”，相當(dāng)于have。ofone’sown屬于某人自己的。onone’sown獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立地，與byoneself或alone意思相近。3.own◎即學(xué)即用3：()(1)I’llbring________dictionarywithme.A.myselfB.selfC.myownD.own(2)很多年輕人喜歡獨(dú)處居住。Manyyoungpeoplelikeliving

.Contheirown◎即學(xué)即用3：Contheirown4.care

◎觀察思考“Iknowmyparentscareaboutme，”Hesays.“我知道我的父母關(guān)心我，”他說(shuō)。Carefor“MotherEarth”．關(guān)愛(ài)地球母親。Shedoesn’tseemtocareforhim.她好像不喜歡他?！驓w納拓展care動(dòng)詞，意為“關(guān)心；照顧；喜愛(ài)；在乎，在意”。常用短語(yǔ)carefor喜歡；關(guān)心；照顧careabout關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；在乎。名詞，意為“當(dāng)心；注意；照料”。常用短語(yǔ)：takecare小心；當(dāng)心；注意takecareof照顧。4.care◎即學(xué)即用4：用方框內(nèi)詞匯或短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。takecarecareforcareaboutcare(1)Lilyspentyears

hersickuncle.(2)Coffeortea,eitherisOK.Idon’t

.(3),acarmayhityou.(4)Don’t

whatotherpeoplethinkofyou,dowhatyoulike.caringforcareTakecarecareabout◎即學(xué)即用4：caringforcareTakecare5.bemadat

◎觀察思考Shegotreallymadatmeandshedidn’twanttobemyfriendanymore.她真的對(duì)我很生氣，并且不再想做我的朋友了?！驓w納拓展get/bemadatsb..＝get/beangrywithsb.對(duì)某人惱火。5.bemadat◎即學(xué)即用5：()Mrs.Smithwasreallymad________Dave,becausehearrivedlateagain.A.atB.inC.aboutD.onA◎即學(xué)即用5：A重點(diǎn)句型1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?

◎典例體驗(yàn)Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我正在討論。Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.當(dāng)我們正在討論的時(shí)候，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。Mymotherwascookingwhilemyfatherwaswashingthecar.當(dāng)爸爸在洗車子時(shí)，媽媽正在做飯。CouldyoupleaselookaftermyflowerswhileIamout？當(dāng)我出去時(shí)，你能照顧一下我的花嗎？重點(diǎn)句型1.Whatwereyoudoingwhe◎歸納拓展was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間里正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。when與while都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。但區(qū)別為：when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段；從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生。while只指時(shí)間段；從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。when和while還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時(shí)”；while表示“而，卻”，表對(duì)照關(guān)系。when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。◎歸納拓展◎即學(xué)即用6：(1)Wewerehavingdinner

hecalledme.(2)Theywerehavingafootballmatch

wewerehavingameeting.(3)I’lltellmymotherthenewswhenshe

(come)back.whenwhilecomes◎即學(xué)即用6：whenwhilecomes2.BentoldLanathatMarciawasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforher.

◎典例體驗(yàn)Shesaidthatshehadaboringweekend.她說(shuō)她過(guò)了一個(gè)無(wú)聊的周末。Hewantedtoknowwhyhewascryinginthecorner.他想知道他為什么在角落哭。Hewonderedwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.他想知道經(jīng)理在會(huì)議上說(shuō)了些什么。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。2.BentoldLanathatMarciaw◎歸納拓展學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。連接詞：①?gòu)木錇殛愂鼍洌＿x擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。②從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether...ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。③從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑問(wèn)代詞、副詞作連接詞?！驓w納拓展語(yǔ)序：陳述句語(yǔ)序。但注意，當(dāng)who/what為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為who/what＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他。時(shí)態(tài)：①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。②主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句中that與what的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞，常可省略。what為連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)具體成分，且不能省略。語(yǔ)序：陳述句語(yǔ)序。但注意，當(dāng)who/what為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為◎即學(xué)即用7：()(1)Canyousee________？A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat()(2)Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow________.A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwasAD◎即學(xué)即用7：AD()(3)HetoldmethatJapan________anislandcountry.A.wasB.isC.areD.be()(4)Ithink________youwilllikethestamps.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.how()(5)Heaskedus________weneed.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.howBAB()(3)HetoldmethatJa3.“Makesurethedoorisshut，”shesaidtoherlittleson.—Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorwasshut.

◎典例體驗(yàn)Shesaidtome:“Turnoffthelights,please.”她對(duì)我說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)了?！薄猄hetold/askedmetoturnoffthelights.她叫我把燈關(guān)了?！癉on’tsmokeintheroom，”hesaidtome.他對(duì)我說(shuō)：“不要在房間里吸煙。”—Hetold/askedmenottosmokeintheroom.他告訴我不要在房間里吸煙。3.“Makesurethedoorisshut◎歸納拓展轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，可將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式前根據(jù)句意加上tell，ask，order等動(dòng)詞，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.?！蚣磳W(xué)即用8：Theteachersaid：“Don’tdrawontheblackboard.”(同義轉(zhuǎn)換)Theteacher

ontheblackboard.told/askedusnottodraw◎歸納拓展told/askedusnottodraw4.Sheaskedmeifshecouldcopymyhomework.

◎典例體驗(yàn)Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillcome.我想知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。Wewanttoknowwhetheryouareillornot.我們想知道你是否生病了。Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertohavedinnerwithme.他還沒(méi)決定是否和我共進(jìn)晚餐。4.Sheaskedmeifshecouldc◎歸納拓展whether,if都可意為“是否”。但兩者用法有區(qū)別：(1)與ornot連用時(shí)，只能用whether；(2)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，只能用whether；(3)if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒(méi)有此用法。◎即學(xué)即用9：()Pleasetellme________youhavefinishedyourworkornot.A.howB.ifC.whatD.whetherD◎歸納拓展D5.Youcanimaginehowstrangeitwas!

◎典例體驗(yàn)Whataninterestingstory!＝Howinterestingthestoryis!多么有趣的故事！Whatbadweather！多么糟的天氣！Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!多么好的主意啊！Howtimeflies！時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快??！5.Youcanimaginehowstrange◎歸納拓展感嘆句通常由what,how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚訝、喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等色彩感情。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞。感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：What＋a/an＋形容詞＋名詞單數(shù)＋(主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!What＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋(主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋(主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!How＋形容詞或副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！How＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！◎歸納拓展◎即學(xué)即用10：()(1)________wonderfulnewsreporthewrote!Allofuswereproudofhim.(2011濱州)A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()(2)________deliciousthedishis!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataBB◎即學(xué)即用10：BB()(3)________strangeclothesheiswearing!A.WhataB.WhatC.Howa()(4)________interestingsubjectitis！A.WhatB.HowC.Whatan()(5)________foggyitwasyesterday！A.WhatB.WhataC.HowBCC()(3)________strange()(6)________strongwind!A.HowB.WhataC.What()(7)________fastTomruns！A.WhatB.WhataC.How()(8)________Imissthedaysweplayedtogether！A.WhatB.WhataC.HowBCC()(6)________strongw易混辨異1.somewhere,anywhere,everywhere

◎觀察思考—MyIDcardismissing,Ilookedforiteverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.我的身份證丟了，我到處找，可是任何地方都找不到它?！狪sawitsomewherethismorning.今天早上我在某個(gè)地方看見(jiàn)過(guò)它。I’mgoingtomovesomewhereinteresting.我打算搬到有趣的地方。易混辨異1.somewhere,anywhere,ev◎歸納拓展somewhere用于肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某一處或某些地方；anywhere用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句及條件句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是任何地方；everywhere強(qiáng)調(diào)的是每一個(gè)地方。形容詞修飾不定副詞somewhere/anywhere/everywhere，須置后?！驓w納拓展◎即學(xué)即用11：()(1)Wefoundhim________intheforest,heseemedill.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplace()(2)NomatterIgo________，mydogalwaysfollowsme.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplace()(3)Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesamealmost________.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.aplaceABC◎即學(xué)即用11：ABC2.message,information

◎觀察思考Therewerenomessagesforme.沒(méi)有消息給我。Pleasesendmetheinformationaboutyourcompany.請(qǐng)把你公司的信息發(fā)送給我?！驓w納拓展message可數(shù)名詞，一般指(書面或口頭的)信息、消息、音信。information不可數(shù)名詞，一般指信息；消息；情報(bào)；資料；資訊。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：takeamessageforsb.為某人捎口信；leaveamessage留口信；collect/receiveinformation搜集/接收信息。2.message,information◎即學(xué)即用12：()(1)IcametofindMr.Zhang,buthewasn’tintheoffice,Ileft________onhisdesk.A.ainformationB.amessageC.someinformationsD.somemessage()(2)Theboylikestocollectthe________aboutdinosaurontheInternet.A.informationB.messageC.informationsD.messagesBA◎即學(xué)即用12：BA3.happen,takeplace

◎觀察思考Miracleshappeneveryday.奇跡每天都發(fā)生。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大改變。

3.happen,takeplace◎歸納拓展happen意為“發(fā)生”，主語(yǔ)一般是物，常指具體事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見(jiàn)的“發(fā)生”。sth.happentosb.某事發(fā)生在某人身上；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“人”時(shí)，意為“碰巧”，sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧……。takeplace通常指“(某事)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生?！贝送膺€有“舉行”之意?！驓w納拓展◎即學(xué)即用13：(1)Theaccident

inthemorning.事故是在早上發(fā)生的。(2)Ihappened

theanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。(3)Thepartywill

onFridayevening.晚會(huì)將在星期五晚上舉行。(4)What

you?Youlookupset.你怎么啦？你看起來(lái)很沮喪。happenedtoknowtakeplacehappento◎即學(xué)即用13：happenedtoknowtakepl4.above,on,over

◎觀察思考Thereisabookonthedesk.課桌上有一本書。Hervillagewas2,000metersabovesealevel.她的村莊在海平面2,000米以上。Thereisanationalflagovertheblackboard.黑板正上方有一面國(guó)旗。4.above,on,over◎歸納拓展這三個(gè)介詞都表示“在……之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸。above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，也不一定在某物的正上方。over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸?！驓w納拓展◎即學(xué)即用14：(1)Intheday,thetemperaturewillstay

15℃.(2)TheT-shirt

thebedisMike’s.(3)Thereisanationalflag

theblackboardinourclassroom.aboveonover◎即學(xué)即用14：aboveonover5.everyday,everyday

◎觀察思考Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.甚至最日常的活動(dòng)也可能顯得很重要。Heexercisesintheparkeveryday.他每天在公園里鍛煉。◎歸納拓展everyday形容詞，意為“日常的”。everyday副詞短語(yǔ)，意為“每一天”。5.everyday,everyday◎即學(xué)即用15：Shewatches

EnglishprogramsonTVafterdinner

.everydayeveryday◎即學(xué)即用15：everydayeveryday對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

happenmadsilencecarefly1.Weshouldkeep

inthereadingroom.2.Therearemanypeopledownstairs.Whatdoyouthinkhas

?3.The

toBeijingisputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.Weshould

fortheold.5.Don’tbe

atme.Iwon’tstayoutlateagain.silenthappenedflightcaremad對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空silenthapⅡ.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Franklintoldthemall________tobeinBritainagain.(2011杭州)A.hewashowhappyB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.hewashappyhow解析：考查感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)之一為how＋形容詞＋主謂。故選B。BⅡ.單項(xiàng)選擇B()2.—________thelittlegirllooks!—That’strue.Shecan’tfindherTeddyBear.(2011衢州)A.HowsadB.WhatsadC.WhatsadlyD.Howsadly解析：考查感嘆句。look系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，故C、D不選；且感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)為：how＋形容詞＋主謂。故選A。A()2.—________thelitt()3.—Lookatthatprettygirl!Doyouknow________？—Sheisadoctor.(2011衢州)A.whosheisB.whoissheC.whatsheisD.whatisshe解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句及習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。根據(jù)答句可知問(wèn)句是詢問(wèn)職業(yè)，且賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。故選C。C()3.—Lookatthatpret()4.MrsWhite________dinnerwhenhersoncamehome.(2011衢州)A.iscookingB.wascookingC.arecookingD.werecooking解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句通常為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B。B()4.MrsWhite________()5.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere________.A.thepostofficeisB.thepostofficewasC.isthepostofficeD.wasthepostoffice解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。asked為過(guò)去式，則此處的從句應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去式，且須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。故選B。B()5.Thewomanaskedth()6.—Whereismywatch?Ican’tfindit.—Don’tworry.Itmustbe________inyourroom.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.nowhere解析：考查不定副詞。句意：它一定在你房間的某個(gè)地方?！皊omewhere某地”符合題意。A()6.—Whereismywatch()7.—Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what解析：考查疑問(wèn)詞。句意：他們總是讓我做我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該做的事。what引導(dǎo)從句做do的賓語(yǔ)。故選D。D()7.—Whatdidyourpar()8.—Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.—________pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa解析：考查感嘆句。結(jié)構(gòu)之一為what＋a＋形容詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋主謂！故選C。C()8.—Katehaswonthe()9.Nobodyknows________.A.howwillourfuturelooklikeB.whatwillourfuturebelikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeD.whatourfuturewillbelike解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，且like介詞，意為“像”，故連接詞須用what。D()9.Nobodyknows____()10.—Wherewasyourbrotheratthistimelastnight?—Hewaswritingane-mail________IwaswatchingTVathome.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while解析：考查連詞。連接兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)通常用while。D()10.—Wherewasyour()11.—Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________？—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine解析：考查if的不同用法。第一個(gè)if意為“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句一般將來(lái)時(shí)用will＋動(dòng)詞原形；第二個(gè)if意為“如果”引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。故選A。A()11.—Tommy,doyouk()12.—Howareyoufeelinghere?—It’squitehot.Idon’tknow________togoorstay.A.howB.whenC.whetherD.where解析：考查疑問(wèn)詞辨析。從下文中的關(guān)鍵詞or，可判斷應(yīng)用whether。C()12.—Howareyoufeel()13.Studentscangetmore________andknowledgeabouttheworldwhentheyunderstandEnglish.A.messageB.informationC.messagesD.informations解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們掌握了英語(yǔ)時(shí)，學(xué)生們能獲得更多的關(guān)于世界的信息和知識(shí)。message可數(shù)名詞，意為“消息”，information不可數(shù)名詞，意為“信息”。故選