全球首例感染艾滋病痊愈女患者誕生！治療方法有何神奇之處

名師精講外刊全球首例感染艾滋病痊愈女患者誕生！治療方法有何神奇之處？AWomanIsCuredofH.I.V.UsingaNovelTreatment名師精講外刊在美國丹佛舉行的第29屆逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒和機(jī)會性感染會議（CROI）上，來自威爾康奈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究團(tuán)隊報告了一個案例：紐約一名感染艾滋病毒（HIV）且患有急性髓系白血?。ˋML）的女性在接受了來自對HIV具有自然抵抗力供體的干細(xì)胞移植后，成為迄今為止全球第一位女性和第三位治愈艾滋病的人。課前問題1.“beimmuneto”是什么意思？2.這位女患者是通過什么方法治愈艾滋病的？導(dǎo)讀名師精講外刊AWomanIsCuredofH.I.V.UsingaNovelTreatment【基礎(chǔ)解析】noveladj.新的；新穎的；新奇的【釋】notlikeanythingknownbefore,andunusualorinteresting【例】novelidea/approach/method新奇的想法/方法名師精講外刊AwomanofmixedraceappearstobethethirdpersonevertobecuredofH.I.V.,usinganewtransplantmethodinvolvingumbilicalcordbloodthatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible,scientistsannouncedonTuesday.【基礎(chǔ)解析】umbilicalcordblood臍帶血【背景知識】臍帶血是寶寶出生后、臍帶結(jié)扎并離斷后殘留在臍帶和胎盤中的血液。臍帶血內(nèi)含有豐富的造血干細(xì)胞（stemcell），是胎兒人體制造血液及免疫系統(tǒng)的主要來源，出生后則以骨髓為主。通過臍帶血干細(xì)胞移植，可以治療80多種疾病，像白血病、再生障礙性貧血、淋巴瘤等。名師精講外刊AwomanofmixedraceappearstobethethirdpersonevertobecuredofH.I.V.,usinganewtransplantmethodinvolvingumbilicalcordbloodthatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible,scientistsannouncedonTuesday.【長難句分析】Awomanofmixedrace(賓語從句主語)appears(賓語從句系動詞)tobethethirdpersonever(賓語從句表語)tobecuredofH.I.V.(不定式短語作后置定語，修飾person),usinganewtransplantmethod(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語)involvingumbilicalcordblood(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾method)thatopensupthepossibilityofcuringmorepeopleofdiverseracialbackgroundsthanwaspreviouslypossible(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾method),scientists(主句主語)announced(主句謂語)onTuesday.精講試聽結(jié)束Cordbloodismorewidelyavailablethantheadultstemcellstypicallyusedinbonemarrowtransplants,anddoesnotneedtobematchedascloselytotherecipient.ThesexandracialbackgroundofthenewcasemarkasignificantstepforwardindevelopingacureforH.I.V.,theresearcherssaid.InfectionwithH.I.V.isthoughttoprogressdifferentlyinwomenthaninmen,butwhilewomenaccountformorethanhalfofH.I.Vcasesintheworld,theymakeuponly11percentofparticipantsincuretrials.PowerfulantiretroviraldrugscancontrolH.I.V.,butacureiskeytoendingthedecades-oldpandemic.Worldwide,nearly38millionpeoplearelivingwithH.I.V.,andabout73percentofthemarereceivingtreatment.【基礎(chǔ)解析】receivev.接受（治療）【釋】Ifyoureceiveaparticulartypeofmedicaltreatment,itisdonetoyou.【例】Hereceivedhospitaltreatmentforacutoverhiseye.他眼部受傷，接受了醫(yī)院的治療。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【基礎(chǔ)解析】invasiveadj.（令人不快的事物）迅速擴(kuò)散的【釋】(formal)(especiallyofdiseaseswithinthebody)spreadingveryquicklyanddifficulttostop【例1】Theyfoundinvasivecancerduringaroutineexamination.他們在一次例行檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)了擴(kuò)散的癌細(xì)胞。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【拓展延伸】invade/?n?ve?d/v.1）武裝入侵；侵略【釋】Toinvadeacountrymeanstoenteritbyforcewithanarmy.【例】Inautumn1944thealliesinvadedtheItalianmainland.1944年秋，盟軍攻入意大利本土。2）（人、動物）大批進(jìn)入，涌入【釋】Ifyousaythatpeopleoranimalsinvadeaplace,youmeanthattheyenteritinlargenumbers,ofteninawaythatisunpleasantordifficulttodealwith.【例】Peopleinvadedthestreetsinvictoryprocessionsalmostthroughouttheday.幾乎一整天，大街上都擠滿了歡慶勝利的游行隊伍。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【基礎(chǔ)解析】exhaustv.1）用完，耗盡【釋】touseallofsomething【例】Weareindangerofexhaustingtheworld'soilsupply.我們面臨世界石油儲備耗盡的危險?！窘x詞】useup2）使精疲力竭【釋】tomakesomeonefeelextremelytired【例】Afullday'steachingexhaustsme.講一整天課令我精疲力竭。Abonemarrowtransplantisnotarealisticoptionformostpatients.Suchtransplantsarehighlyinvasiveandrisky,sotheyaregenerallyofferedonlytopeoplewithcancerwhohaveexhaustedallotheroptions.【拓展延伸】exhaustn.（車輛、發(fā)動機(jī)或機(jī)器排出的）廢氣【釋】wastegasesthatcomeoutofavehicle,anengineoramachine【例】carexhaustfumes/emissions汽車排出的廢氣；汽車排放物TherehaveonlybeentwoknowncasesofanH.I.V.curesofar.BothmenreceivedbonemarrowtransplantsfromdonorswhocarriedamutationthatblocksH.I.V.infection.【基礎(chǔ)解析】mutatev.使（遺傳基因等）突變；經(jīng)受突變【釋】Ifananimalorplantmutates,orsomethingmutatesit,itdevelopsdifferentcharacteristicsastheresultofachangeinitsgenes.【例】HIVhasproventopossessanabilitytomutateintodrug-resistantforms.艾滋病病毒經(jīng)證實能突變成抗藥型病毒。Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基礎(chǔ)解析】immuneadj.1）有免疫力的【釋】~(tosth)thatcannotcatchorbeaffectedbyaparticulardiseaseorillness【例】Thisbloodtestwillshowwhetherornotyou'reimmunetothedisease.這個血檢會顯示你是否對這種疾病具有免疫力。2）不受影響的【釋】~(tosth)notaffectedbysth【例】beimmunetocriticism不在乎他人的批評Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基礎(chǔ)解析】punishingadj.艱難持久的；令人筋疲力盡的【釋】longanddifficultandmakingyouworkhardsoyoubecomeverytired【例】ThePresidenthasapunishingscheduleforthenextsixmonths.總統(tǒng)今后六個月的工作日程十分繁忙。Inthepreviouscases,asthebonemarrowtransplantsreplacedalloftheirimmunesystems,bothmensufferedpunishingsideeffects,includinggraftversushostdisease,aconditioninwhichthedonor’scellsattacktherecipient'sbody.【基礎(chǔ)解析】conditionn.長期疾病【釋】anillnessoramedicalproblemthatyouhaveforalongtimebecauseitisnotpossibletocureit【例】Hesuffersfromaseriousheartcondition.他患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。Bycontrast,thewomaninthelatestcaseleftthehospitalbyday17afterhertransplantanddidnotdevelopgraftversushostdisease.Thecombinationofcordbloodandherrelative'scellsmighthavesparedhermuchofthebrutalsideeffectsofatypicalbonemarrowtransplant.【基礎(chǔ)解析】sparev.使免遭傷害；使幸免【釋】Ifapersonoraplaceisspared,theyarenotharmed,eventhoughotherpeopleorplaceshavebeen.【用法】sparesb(from)sth【例】Wehavelosteverything,butthankGod,ourliveshavebeenspared.我們已經(jīng)失去了一切，不過謝天謝地，總算是保住了性命。Bycontrast,thewomaninthelatestcaseleftthehospitalbyday17afterhertransplantanddidnotdevelopgraftversushostdisease.Thecombinationofcordbloodandherrelative'scellsmighthavesparedhermuchofthebrutalsideeffectsofatypicalbonemarrowtransplant.【基礎(chǔ)解析】brutaladj.殘酷無情的；難以忍受的【釋】Brutalisusedtodescribethingsthathaveanunpleasanteffectonpeople,especiallywhenthereisnoattemptbyanyonetoreducetheireffect.【例】Thedipinpricesthissummerwillbebrutal.今年夏天價格的大幅下跌將會很殘酷。Thewoman,whoisnowpastmiddleage,receivedcordbloodfromadonorwiththemutationthatblocksH.I.V.'sentryintocells.Butitcantakeaboutsixweeksforcordbloodcellstoengraft,soshewasalsogivenpartiallymatchedbloodstemcellsfromafirst-degreerelative.Thehalf-matched"haplo"cellsfromherrelativeproppedupherimmunesystemuntilthecordbloodcellsbecamedominant,makingthetransplantmuchlessdangerous.【基礎(chǔ)解析】propup支撐；維持【例1】Thebuildersaretryingtopropupthecrumblingwallsofthechurch.建筑工人正在設(shè)法把快要倒塌的教堂墻壁撐住?！纠?】Thegovernmentintroducedmeasurestopropupthestockmarket.政府推出措施來扶持股市?！纠?】Sheproppedherselfupononeelbow.她用一邊胳膊肘撐起身子。Thehalf-matched"haplo"cellsfromherrelativeproppedupherimmunesystemuntilthecordbloodcellsbecamedominant,makingthetransplantmuchlessdangerous.【基礎(chǔ)解析】dominantadj.強(qiáng)大的，占優(yōu)勢的，突出的【釋】morepowerful,important,ornoticeablethanotherpeopleorthings【例1】Thefirmhasachievedadominantpositionintheworldmarket.這家公司在國際市場上占有舉足輕重的地位?！纠?】Japanbecamedominantinthemassmarketduringthe1980s.20世紀(jì)80年代日本在大眾市