2022屆廣東省六校高三上學(xué)期第三次聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

2022屆廣東省六校高三上學(xué)期第三次聯(lián)考英語試題（滿分120分考試時(shí)間120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名和考生號(hào)、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。并用2B鉛筆將對應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑，不按要求填涂的，答卷無效。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案，不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔，考試結(jié)束后，只需將答題卡交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhatisPayQwiq?PayQwiqisafastandsecurepaymentservicethathelpsyougoquicklythroughtheTescocheckout.Itletsyouaddyourcreditordebitcarddetailstotheappsoyoucanuseyoursmartphonetopayforyourshoppingwithjustonescan.NotonlythatbutitcollectsyourClubcardpointsautomatically.Thismeansyoucannowgowallet-freeinallUKTescostores.Sowhynotgiveitago?Itonlytakesamomenttodownloadandyouwillreceivethesebenefits.●CollectyourClubcardpointsautomatically●Payforyourweeklyshopupto￡250●UsePayQwiqoffline,evenwithnosignal●TrackyourspendinginTescoSignuptoPayQwiqandcollect100extraClubcardpointsforeachweekyoupaywiththeapp,forupto5weeks—that’supto500extrapoints.Availabletonewcustomerswhosignupby3September2020andmakeallpaymentby31October2020.Oneofferpercustomer.Onlyonequalifyingdealperweekwillcollecttheextrapoints.Additionalpaymentsinthesameweekwillnotreceiveextrapoints.ClubcardpointswillbeaddedtoafutureClubcardstatement.Howdoesitwork?HeadtotheAppStoreorGooglePlaytodownloadthePayQwiqapp.Assoonasyou’veaddedyourcarddetails,you’llbereadytoshopusingjustyourphone.Andthere’snoneedtoworryaboutyourbankdetailsbeingstoredonyourphone—they’reallsecurelyprotectedinourdatacenters.Sonotonlyisitquickerandeasier,it’ssafertoo.1.IfcustomersusePayQwiqinUKTescostores,theycan________.A.getClubcardpointsautomatically. B.obtainextrapointsinthesameweek.C.payfortheirweeklyshopwithoutlimit. D.wincreditcardpointsunconditionally.2.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A.userscannotpaywithoutsignal.B.usersmustsignupby3September2020.C.PayQwiqcanguaranteeconvenienceandsafety.D.PayQwiqcanbedownloadedonlyfromGooglePlay.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TostresstheimportanceofPayQwiq. B.ToshowtheprogressofPayQwiq.C.TointroducethebenefitsofPayQwiq. D.TopopularizetheuseofPayQwiq.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一款支付軟件PayQwiq以及它給人們帶來的便利?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“NotonlythatbutitcollectsyourClubcardpointsautomatically.Thismeansyoucannowgowallet-freeinallUKTescostores.（不僅如此，它還會(huì)自動(dòng)收集您的會(huì)員卡積分。）”可知，PayQwiq可以自動(dòng)收集會(huì)員卡積分，如果顧客使用它付款，可以得到會(huì)員積分。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andthere’snoneedtoworryaboutyourbankdetailsbeingstoredonyourphone—they’reallsecurelyprotectedinourdatacenters.Sonotonlyisitquickerandeasier,it’ssafertoo.（你也不必?fù)?dān)心你的銀行信息會(huì)存儲(chǔ)在你的手機(jī)上——它們都在我們的數(shù)據(jù)中心受到安全保護(hù)。所以它不僅更快更容易，也更安全。）”可知，PayQwiq可以保證便捷、安全。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了一款支付軟件PayQwiq以及使用它給人們帶來的便利?？梢酝茢嘧髡邔戇@篇文章的目的是對PayQwiq進(jìn)行推廣宣傳。故選D項(xiàng)。B17-year-oldDasiaTaylorwasnamedoneof40finalistsintheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch(STS)thenation’smostfamousScienceandmathcompetitionforhighschoolseniors.Dasia’ssutures(縫合線)workbychangingcolorifthepatients’pHlevelchanges,indicatinganinfection.pHisoneofthemostcommonpartsofwoundhealing,Dasiasaid.Itchangesveryquickly,soit’soneofthefastestwaystorecognizeinfection.So,shestartedexperimentingwithrootvegetables.“IfoundthatbeetchangedcolorattheperfectpHpoint,”saysTaylor.“That’sperfectforaninfectedwound.Andso,Iwaslike,‘Oh,okay.Sobeetiswhereit’sat’.”Beetprovidedtheperfectdyeforherinvention,changingfrombrightredtodarkpurplewhenasurgicalwoundbecomesinfected.Aftermorethanayearofresearch,Taylorisworkingongettinghersuturespatented.Sheimaginesthesesuturesbeingusedindevelopingcountrieswheretheycansavelivesandmoney.“Thegoalofmyprojectistoreducethenumberofdeadlysurgicalsiteinfectionsindevelopingcountriesbecausedevelopingcountriessufferfromthemostnumberofdeathsduetosurgicalsiteinfections,”shesaid.“Iwaslikethereisnowaythatthatshouldbehappening.TheequitypartofmybrainandalltheworkthatIdoaroundequitywaslike‘Thatshouldn’tbehappening.Theyshouldhavetheresourcestosavetheircitizensintheircountry.’So,mygoalistoworkonthatandmakesurethatitcanactuallydiscoverthosetypesofinfectionsandstuff.”Aftergraduation,DasiahopestoattendHoward4.Howcanapatientquicklyknowifawoundisinfected?A.ByobservingthepHtestpaper.B.Throughthedoctors’examination.C.Bylookingatsutures’colorchanging.D.Byobservinghowthewoundchanges.5.WhatdidDasiadiscoverinherexperiment?A.BeethasthesamepHlevel. B.Beetcanchangecoloratdifferenttimes.C.Beettherapyisgoodforwoundhealing. D.Beetcanbeusedtohelpherwiththeinvention.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutDasia?A.Shehaswontheinventionpatent.B.ShebecamethewinneroftheRegeneronSTS.C.Shemadecontributionstosurgicalinfectionrecognition.D.Shehelpedsavelotsoflivesandmoneyindevelopingcountries.7.WhatwillDasia’sfuturecareerprobablyinvolve?A.Medicalandhealthwork. B.Medicaldevicedevelopment.C.Somethingaboutthelegalaid. D.Medicalandscienceresearch.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了17歲的高中生泰勒Dasia發(fā)現(xiàn)通過觀察縫線顏色的變化，很快就可以知道病人傷口是否感染，為外科感染識(shí)別做出了貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dasia’ssutures(縫合線)workbychangingcolorifthepatients’pHlevelchanges,indicatinganinfection.”（如果患者的pH值發(fā)生變化，達(dá)西婭的縫合線就會(huì)改變顏色，表明感染）可知通過觀察縫線顏色的變化病人很快就知道傷口是否感染了。故選C。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Beetprovidedtheperfectdyeforherinvention,changingfrombrightredtodarkpurplewhenasurgicalwoundbecomesinfected.”(甜菜為她的發(fā)明提供了完美的染料，當(dāng)手術(shù)傷口感染時(shí)，甜菜會(huì)從亮紅色變成深紫色)可知達(dá)西婭在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)甜菜可以幫助她完成這項(xiàng)發(fā)明。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thegoalofmyprojectistoreducethenumberofdeadlysurgicalsiteinfectionsindevelopingcountriesbecausedevelopingcountriessufferfromthemostnumberofdeathsduetosurgicalsiteinfections.”（我這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是減少發(fā)展中國家致命手術(shù)部位感染的數(shù)量，因?yàn)榘l(fā)展中國家因手術(shù)部位感染而死亡的人數(shù)最多）以及“Theyshouldhavetheresourcestosavetheircitizensintheircountry.’So,mygoalistoworkonthatandmakesurethatitcanactuallydiscoverthosetypesofinfectionsandstuff.”（他們應(yīng)該有資源來拯救自己國家的公民。所以，我的目標(biāo)是研究它，確保它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些類型的感染和東西）可知達(dá)西婭為外科感染識(shí)別做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Aftergraduation,DasiahopestoattendHowardUniversity,studypoliticalscienceandfinallybecomealawyer.”（畢業(yè)后，Dasia希望進(jìn)入霍華德大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)政治學(xué)，最終成為一名律師）可知達(dá)西婭未來的職業(yè)生涯可能會(huì)涉及法律援助。故選C。CThere’ssomethingsowonderfullyeasyaboutreadingthiscolumninaphysicalnewspaper.Youturnedthepage,andhereitis,withfewannoyancesordistractions,inanultra-high-definition(超高清的)typefacewhichwascustom-designedwithpleasurablereadinginmind.Or—wait—areyoureadingthisonaphone?DidyoufollowalinkfromTwitterorFacebook?Ormaybeyou’reonatrain,oraplane,oryou’retryingtouseyourlaptoponyourcousin’scrappyWi-Ficonnectionoutinthecountrysidesomewhere.Inwhichcase,there’saprettygoodchancethatevengettingthisfarissomekindofminormiracle.WhentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishingthefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.Rather,itistomonetiseyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.Thishappenseverytimeyouclickonalink,beforethepagehasevenstartedtoloadonyourphone.Onceuponatime,ifyouandIbothvisitedthesamewebpageatthesametimeusingthesamewebbrowser,wewouldendupseeingthesamething.Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandauctionsandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsalespitcheswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.Thatecosystemraisesimportantquestionsaboutprivacyandjustgeneralcreepiness—thewaythattheminuteyoulookatapairofshoesonline,forinstance,theythenstartfollowingyouaroundeveryotherwebsiteyouvisitforweeks.Butwhetherornotyouvalueyourprivacy,youaredamaged,daily,bythesheerweightofallthattechnology.Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducevariousreadingstyles.B.Toleadtothetopictobetalkedabout.C.Toshowthestrengthsofphysicalnewspapers.D.Tocomparephysicalnewspaperswithelectronicreading.9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Thereaderistakenadvantageof. B.Thereader’sdemandissatisfied.C.Thereader’sinterestismotivated. D.Thereaderischeatedbythenews.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheeconomicsofonlinepublishing?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Supportive. D.Ambiguous.11.Whatcouldbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.SiliconValleyB.Onlineadshavebecomelesstroublesome.C.Adtechisagoodsolutiontoprivacyprotection.D.Itistoughtoberidoftheannoyancesbroughtaboutbyads.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版的首要任務(wù)不是給你報(bào)道新聞，而是利用你的價(jià)值把你賣給出價(jià)更高的人?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“There’ssomethingsowonderfullyeasyaboutreadingthiscolumninaphysicalnewspaper.Youturnedthepage,andhereitis,withfewannoyancesordistractions,inanultra-high-definition(超高清的)typefacewhichwascustom-designedwithpleasurablereadinginmind.(在實(shí)體報(bào)紙上閱讀本專欄非常容易。你翻了一頁，這里是一種超高清的字體，它是為愉快閱讀而定制的，沒有讓人煩惱或分心的東西)”和“areyoureadingthisonaphone?DidyoufollowalinkfromTwitterorFacebook?Ormaybeyou’reonatrain,oraplane,oryou’retryingtouseyourlaptoponyourcousin’scrappyWi-Ficonnectionoutinthecountrysidesomewhere.Inwhichcase,there’saprettygoodchancethatevengettingthisfarissomekindofminormiracle.(你是在手機(jī)上看這篇文章嗎?你是否關(guān)注了Twitter或Facebook上的鏈接?或者你在火車上，飛機(jī)上，或者你在鄉(xiāng)下某個(gè)地方用你的筆記本電腦連接你表弟的蹩腳的Wi-Fi。在這種情況下，即使走到這一步也很有可能是一個(gè)小小的奇跡)”可推知，第一段通過紙質(zhì)閱讀體驗(yàn)與智能設(shè)備上閱讀體驗(yàn)的對比，來引出下文討論的話題：對智能設(shè)備上廣告閱讀的不滿。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.Rather,itistomonetiseyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.”可知，在談?wù)撛诰€出版經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)，首先要記住的是，它的首要任務(wù)不是向您提供新聞。由rather可知，其真正目的與“向您提供新聞相反”，結(jié)合“bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.”可知，它是實(shí)時(shí)地將您賣給出價(jià)最高的人，尋求以更高價(jià)格出售你，由此可推知，劃線句子itistomonetiseyou，指的是讀者是被出售，被利用。故選A選?！?0題詳解】推理判讀題。根據(jù)第二段“Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandauctionsandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsalespitcheswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.(然而，今天，一個(gè)幾乎無法想象的龐大的腳本、cookies和拍賣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及通常令人驚訝的個(gè)人信息被用來向您展示一組幾乎為您量身定制的品牌信息和銷售宣傳)”以及第三段“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，在線廣告從來都是煩人的，一旦硅谷解決了如何更好地識(shí)別您的身份的問題，那么可以肯定，移動(dòng)廣告也會(huì)變得更加煩人)”可知，智能設(shè)備中植入的廣告科技給讀者帶來的一系列隱患可知，作者持批判的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，在線廣告從未變得不那么煩人，而且您可以肯定，一旦硅谷找到了如何更好地識(shí)別您的身份，移動(dòng)廣告也會(huì)變得更加煩人)”以及下文第二句提出可能的解決方案，隱私保護(hù)。第三句提出對隱私保護(hù)對免受廣告的煩擾無濟(jì)于事。第四句提出第二個(gè)解決方案，放棄新聞品牌。最后提出“Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.(但破壞新聞品牌的不會(huì)是Facebook和蘋果。它將是廣告技術(shù))”，由此推出，避免廣告的干擾不是一件容易的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。DWhiletheartscan’tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.Weoftenexperienceworksofartassomethingthat’spleasingtooursenseswithoutafullunderstandingofthecreativeeffort.Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions.Throughourunderstandingofart,wecangainadeeperunderstandingofhowwemightovercomeourownchallenges.Inunderstandingextremesofcontrast,wecanseethebeautyinartwiththemesthatarenotsimplypleasingfortheirmagnificentfeaturesorqualities.Beethovenoffersawonderfulexampleofmovingartfullythroughcrisesandchaos.HecomposedhisSymphonyNo.9ashishearinglossbecamemoreandmorepronounced.Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy(歡樂頌).Beethovenappearstohavecreatedaworkofartthatnotonlyfreedhimfromhispersonalstruggles,butonethatalsospeakstothejoyoflivingtogetherinpeaceandharmony.Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.Theartsoffermanylessonsthatcanhelpusgaintheknowledgeweneedtomovemoreconfidentlyintoday’scompetitiveanduncertainenvironment.Anopennesstoarts-basedsolutionswillgiveyoumorecontroloveryourfuture.12.Whatvaluedoesarthavebeyondpleasingpeople’ssenses?A.Itbringspeopleinnerpeace. B.Itcontributestoproblem-solving.C.Itreducesthepossibilityofcrises. D.Itdeepensunderstandingofchallenges.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.9?A.Itcelebratesfreedomandunity. B.Itaimstoshowcrisesandchaos.C.ItopenswithSchiller’sOdetoJoy. D.Itisunfinishedduetohishearingloss.14.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionondealingwithconflictingforces?A.Leavingthingsastheyare. B.Makingachoicebetweenthem.C.Separatingthemfromeachother. D.Engagingtheminaconversation.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowCOVID-19changesart B.MovingartfullythroughcrisesC.EssentialsofSymphonyNo.9 D.Howtoappreciateartsinnewways【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了在疫情影響下的世界背景中，藝術(shù)為人們提供了應(yīng)對危機(jī)和沖突的創(chuàng)造性思路?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions.(偉大的藝術(shù)經(jīng)常向我們展示矛盾和危機(jī)，我們可以從它們的解決中學(xué)到很多東西。)”可知，可以從藝術(shù)作品中學(xué)習(xí)如何解決矛盾和危機(jī)，因此，除了取悅感官的價(jià)值之外，理解藝術(shù)有助于解決現(xiàn)實(shí)中問題的解決。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy.(交響樂的開場似乎不知道從哪里冒出來的，從開場近乎寂靜，到用席勒的《歡樂頌》充分表達(dá)了許多人認(rèn)為的自由的喜悅和普遍的兄弟情誼。)”可知，貝多芬的《第九交響曲》表達(dá)了自由和團(tuán)結(jié)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.(在兩個(gè)對立的部分之間進(jìn)行對話，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們總是從一開始就互相爭斗，直到我們對它們之間的差異有了一個(gè)新的認(rèn)識(shí)——兩種對立的力量是統(tǒng)一的。)”可知，作者表達(dá)了“經(jīng)過將對立部分對話就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然這兩個(gè)部分剛開始是互相爭斗，但最終會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的力量是統(tǒng)一的”觀點(diǎn)，即，矛盾沖突是可以通過對話交流處理的。由此可推知，作者對于處理沖突各方的建議是讓各方進(jìn)行對話和交流。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章可知，文章首段內(nèi)容“Whiletheartscan’tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.(雖然藝術(shù)不能阻止新冠肺炎病毒或我們今天在世界上看到的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩，但它們可以讓我們洞察我們在危機(jī)和混亂中做出的選擇。藝術(shù)邀請每個(gè)人以新的方式思考。)”揭示了文章的主旨大意，即，文章主要講述了理解藝術(shù)對于應(yīng)對現(xiàn)實(shí)危機(jī)與沖突的啟示。選項(xiàng)B“Movingartfullythroughcrises(藝術(shù)地通過危機(jī))”貼合主題，可作最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thebraindrainischaracterizedastheemigrationofhighlyskilledlaborerstoothercountries.____16____IntheEUcountriessuchasPoland,ItalyandPortugalareespeciallyaffectedbythebraindrain,whileothercountriessuchasSweden,IrelandandDenmarknoticetheoppositeeffect,namelybraingain.Therearebothpushandpullfactorsaffectingthebraindrain.Pullfactorsincludehigheremploymentrates,highersalaryandanincreaseinqualityoflife,whilethepushfactorsarehighyouthunemploymentandhighenterprisedeathrates.____17____Theseeffectsincludeareductioninhumancapital,limitedcapacitytoinnovate,reducedeconomicgrowth,andahighercostofpublicgoods.Therearepositivesideeffectsaswell,suchasreturnmigrationandincentives(動(dòng)機(jī))forinvestmentineducation.Thiscallsforaterritorialapproach.TheEuropeanCommitteeoftheRegions,therefore,suggeststhatlocalandregionalauthoritiesdevelopinstrumentsandpromotemeasurestoincreasetheattractivenessoftheregionsfacingthebraindrain.Theyshouldalsosetuplocalalliances(聯(lián)盟).____18____Thebraindrain’snegativeeffectshavebeenkeyconcernsoftheEU.AscurrenteconomicandsocialdifferencesbetweenEuropeanregionsarethemaincauseofthebraindrain,theneedforastrongassociationbetweenEurope’scohesion(凝聚)policieshasbeenstressed.____19____ThiswillalsohelpinadoptingthemeasuresexpectedtofightagainsttheproblemofthebraindrainincludinginvestingineducationandemploymentinEuropeanregions.AstudylaunchedbyanorganizationoftheEUanalyzedseveralprogramsacrossEurope.____20____Thesearestepslikeunderstandingtheneedforskilledworkers,creatingmechanismsforcooperationbetweengovernments,corporationsanduniversities,removingstructuralbarriers,etc.A.ItisaproblemfacedbymanypartsofEurope.B.Thesecanhelpindraftingandcarryingoutlocalpolicies.C.Thebraindraincanhaveanegativeimpactonthesendingregion.D.BrainwastehappensinthemeantimeinmostEuropeancountries.E.Twoofthekeyobjectivesarealsonecessarytoreducethebraindrain.F.Itcameupwithalistofbestpracticesforfightingagainstthebraindrain.G.SuchapolicyshouldhelpinpromotinganevendevelopmentacrosstheregionsofEurope.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹歐洲國家的人才流失這一現(xiàn)象，分析了人才流失的原因，影響及解決方案?！?6題詳解】空格前一句“Thebraindrainischaracterizedastheemigrationofhighlyskilledlaborerstoothercountries.”（人才外流的特點(diǎn)是高技能勞動(dòng)力移民到其他國家。），A選項(xiàng)（這是歐洲許多地區(qū)面臨的問題。）中的It代指Thebraindrain這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，自然地引出后面的波蘭，意大利，葡萄牙等人才流失比較嚴(yán)重的國家。故選A。【17題詳解】空格后一句“Theseeffectsincludeareductioninhumancapital,limitedcapacitytoinnovate,reducedeconomicgrowth,andahighercostofpublicgoods.”（這些影響包括人力資本減少、創(chuàng)新能力有限、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長下降以及公共產(chǎn)品成本上升。），因此這一段主要分析人才流失對于人才輸送地區(qū)的影響。C選項(xiàng)（人才外流可能對輸出地區(qū)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。）引出下文內(nèi)容，其中的impact和下文的effect一致。故選C?！?8題詳解】空格前一句“Theyshouldalsosetuplocalalliances.”（他們還應(yīng)該建立地方聯(lián)盟。），B選項(xiàng)（這些可以幫助起草和執(zhí)行地方政策。）中的“These”指代的是空格前的“l(fā)ocalalliances”，指出這樣做的好處。故選B?！?9題詳解】空格前一句“AscurrenteconomicandsocialdifferencesbetweenEuropeanregionsarethemaincauseofthebraindrain,theneedforastrongassociationbetweenEurope’scohesion(凝聚)policieshasbeenstressed.”（由于目前歐洲地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)差異是人才外流的主要原因，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)了歐洲凝聚力政策之間的緊密聯(lián)系。），選項(xiàng)G（這一政策應(yīng)有助于促進(jìn)整個(gè)歐洲地區(qū)的均衡發(fā)展。）中的policy與前面的policies相呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?0題詳解】空格前一句“AstudylaunchedbyanorganizationoftheEUanalyzedseveralprogramsacrossEurope.”（歐盟一個(gè)組織發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)研究分析了歐洲的幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目。），F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)（它提出了一份打擊人才流失的最佳做法清單。）中的it代指的是Astudy，其中的“practices”指代的是后文的“stepslikeunderstandingtheneedforskilledworkers,creatingmechanismsforcooperationbetweengovernments,corporationsanduniversities,removingstructuralbarriers”（了解對熟練工人的需求、建立政府、企業(yè)和大學(xué)之間的合作機(jī)制、消除結(jié)構(gòu)性障礙）。故選F。第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnaSundaymorning,TimAbernathywalkedoffthedancefloorattheBarnDanceandsatdowninachairtorestwithhiswife,Rachel.Thensomethingfeltwrong.His____21____gottight,thentighter.HegrabbedRachel’shand,then____22____tothefloor.“Hiseyeshad____23____back,”saidRachel.“Hislipsweregettingdarker.”Thebandstoppedplaying.Peoplestartedyelling,butnobody____24____toact.Someone____25____did.ItwasJohnny“Digger”Tucker.Heswiped(揮動(dòng))hisfingersthroughTim’smouth,thinkinghecouldbechoking.HestartedbeatingonTim’schestandbeganmouth-to-mouth.More____26____.Moremouth-to-mouth.Thenfinally,Tim____27____abreath.Theparamedics(護(hù)理人員)came,andJohnnyquietlyleft.“IfJohnnyhadn’tbeenthere,Iwouldbe____28____myhusbandnow,“saidRachel.FolkssayJohnnyTuckeristhetypeofmanyou’dcallat2a.m.Maybeit’sbecauseheknowsmorethanmosthow____29____lifeis.Everyday,hefaces_____30_____.Johnnyisagravedigger.Hehasdugthefinalrestingplacesforabout20,000people,eachgrave_____31_____ahalffeetdeepin_____32_____,frozenground.“ItreateverybodyasifitweremyfamilyI’mburying,”hesaid.Heissorespectedthatfuneraldirectorsarrangetheirschedulesaroundhis_____33_____.Somaybeit’snot_____34_____thatJohnnyoftenfindshimselfinapositiontolendahand.ThatnightJohnnyandhiswifewere_____35_____whenthebandplayedanoldsong.Theyturnedaroundforonemoreslowdance.Minuteslater,thegravediggersavedalife.21.A.fingers B.muscle C.stomach D.throat22.A.crashed B.landed C.jumped D.settled23.A.rubbed B.narrowed C.dropped D.rolled24.A.backedoff B.steppedforward C.movedon D.setout25.A.gradually B.instantly C.finally D.clearly26A.yelling B.pounding C.pushing D.weighing27.A.held B.heard C.felt D.drew28.A.abandoning B.joining C.burying D.hiding29.A.easy B.precious C.extraordinary D.simple30.A.death B.danger C.sadness D.fortune31.A.covering B.controlling C.crossing D.measuring32.A.hard B.vast C.protected D.ruined33.A.popularity B.generosity C.availability D.responsibility34.A.common B.surprising C.reasonable D.disappointing35.A.dancing B.walking C.leaving D.talking【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.B25.C26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.D32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了樂于助人的掘墓人JohnnyTucker挽救了突發(fā)疾病的Tim的生命的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的喉嚨發(fā)緊，越來越緊。A.fingers手指；B.muscle肌肉；C.stomach腹部；D.throat咽喉，喉嚨。根據(jù)下文“Heswiped(揮動(dòng))hisfingersthroughTim’smouth,thinkinghecouldbechoking.(他用手指伸進(jìn)Tim的嘴里，心想他有可能會(huì)窒息)”可推斷，此處指Tim的喉嚨發(fā)緊。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他抓住Rachel的手，然后猛摔在地板上。A.crashed碰撞，猛摔；B.landed著陸；C.jumped跳躍；D.settled降落，解決。根據(jù)下文“Heswiped(揮動(dòng))hisfingersthroughTim’smouth,thinkinghecouldbechoking.HestartedbeatingonTim’schestandbeganmouth-to-mouth.(他用手指伸進(jìn)Tim的嘴里，心想他有可能會(huì)窒息。他開始捶打Tim的胸部，并開始給他做人工呼吸)”可知，Johnny對Tim進(jìn)行了急救，由此可推斷，此處指Tim因?yàn)橥话l(fā)疾病，而從椅子上摔到了地板上。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“他的眼睛往后翻，”Rachel說。A.rubbed摩擦，涂抹，惹惱；B.narrowed變狹窄，縮??；C.dropped落下，使掉下；D.rolled（使）滾動(dòng)，使（眼球等）左右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的“eyes”可知，此處指眼球的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：人們開始大喊大叫，但沒有人站出來采取行動(dòng)。A.backedoff后退；B.steppedforward向前走，站出來；C.movedon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，對…采取行動(dòng)；D.setout動(dòng)身，出發(fā)。根據(jù)上文“‘Hislipsweregettingdarker.’Thebandstoppedplaying.Peoplestartedyelling,butnobody(‘他的嘴唇越來越黑了?！瘶逢?duì)停止了演奏。人們開始大喊大叫)”可知，因?yàn)門im突發(fā)疾病摔倒，而且情形越來越糟糕，急需救助，但是沒有人……，可推斷，此處指沒有人站出來主動(dòng)幫助Tim。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后終于有人站出來了。A.gradually逐漸地；B.instantly立即，馬上；C.finally最后，終于；D.clearly清楚地。根據(jù)上文“Thebandstoppedplaying.Peoplestartedyelling,butnobody____4____toact.(樂隊(duì)停止了演奏。人們開始大喊大叫，沒有人站出來采取行動(dòng))”，以及下文“ItwasJohnny,‘Digger’Tucker.Heswiped(揮動(dòng))hisfingersthroughTim’smouth,thinkinghecouldbechoking.HestartedbeatingonTim’schestandbeganmouth-to-mouth.(他是Johnny，掘墓人Tucker。他用手指伸進(jìn)Tim的嘴里，心想他有可能會(huì)窒息。他開始捶打Tim的胸部，并開始給他做人工呼吸)”可知，剛開始看到Tim突發(fā)疾病摔倒，沒有人主動(dòng)站出來幫忙，最后終于有人站出來了，即掘墓人Johnny站出來幫忙了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他開始捶打Tim胸部，并開始給他做人工呼吸。接著繼續(xù)擊打Tim的胸部和做人工呼吸。A.yelling叫喊，大聲叫；B.pounding連續(xù)擊打；C.pushing推；D.weighing稱重量，權(quán)衡。根據(jù)上文的“HestartedbeatingonTim’schestandbeganmouth-to-mouth.(他開始捶打Tim的胸部，并開始給他做人工呼吸)”,以及下文的“Moremouth-to-mouth.(持續(xù)進(jìn)行人工呼吸)”可知，此處Johnny在重復(fù)做搶救Tim的動(dòng)作，即“擊打胸部”和“人工呼吸”。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，蒂姆吸了一口氣。A.held拿著，保持…；B.heard聽到，聽說；C.felt感覺；D.drew繪畫，吸，拔出。根據(jù)上文“Heswiped(揮動(dòng))hisfingersthroughTim’smouth,thinkinghecouldbechoking.(他用手指伸進(jìn)Tim的嘴里，心想他有可能會(huì)窒息)”,以及下文“Theparamedics(護(hù)理人員)came,andJohnnyquietlyleft.(護(hù)理人員來了之后，Johnny悄悄地離開了)”可推斷，Johnny對Tim的急救成功了，Tim從即將窒息的狀態(tài)，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭梢院粑?，即“吸了”一口氣。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“如果不是Johnny在那里，我現(xiàn)在就要埋葬我的丈夫了，”Rachel說。A.abandoning拋棄，舍棄；B.joining加入；C.burying安葬，埋葬；D.hiding掩藏。分析設(shè)空所在句可知，此處是虛擬語氣；根據(jù)上文“‘Hiseyeshad____3____back,’saidRachel.‘Hislipsweregettingdarker.’(‘他的眼睛往后翻。’Rachel說，‘他的嘴唇越來越黑了’)”，以及HestartedbeatingonTim’schestandbeganmouth-to-mouth.(他開始捶打Tim的胸部，并開始給他做人工呼吸)”可知，Rachel的丈夫Tim突發(fā)疾病，而且情形很糟糕，幸虧Johnny及時(shí)伸出援手，對她丈夫進(jìn)行急救，如果沒有Johnny當(dāng)時(shí)的急救，他的丈夫就已經(jīng)死了，即她現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該正在“埋葬”她的丈夫。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也許是因?yàn)樗却蠖鄶?shù)人更了解生命的珍貴。A.easy容易的；B.precious寶貴的，珍奇的；C.extraordinary非凡的，特別的；D.simple簡單的。根據(jù)下文“Johnnyisagravedigger.Hehasdugthefinalrestingplacesforabout20,000people,eachgrave____11____ahalffeetdeepin____12____,frozenground.(Johnny是一個(gè)掘墓人。他為大約20000人挖掘了最后的安息之地，每個(gè)墳?zāi)苟荚诎胗⒊呱畹膱?jiān)硬冰冷的土中)”可推斷，Johnny作為一個(gè)掘墓人，親眼見證了很多人的死亡，所以他比大多數(shù)人都了解生命的“珍貴”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他每天都面對死亡。A.death死亡；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.sadness悲傷；D.fortune運(yùn)氣，命運(yùn)。根據(jù)下文“Johnnyisagravedigger.Hehasdugthefinalrestingplacesforabout20,000people,eachgrave____11____ahalffeetdeepin____12____,frozenground.(Johnny是一個(gè)掘墓人。他為大約20000人挖掘了最后的安息之地，每個(gè)墳?zāi)苟荚诎胗⒊呱畹膱?jiān)硬冰冷的土中)”可推斷，Johnny作為一個(gè)掘墓人，親眼見證了很多人的死亡，即每天都面對“死亡”。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他為大約20000人挖掘了最后的安息之地，每個(gè)墳?zāi)苟荚诎胗⒊呱畹膱?jiān)硬冰冷的土中。A.covering遮蓋，覆蓋；B.controlling控制；C.crossing穿越，越過；D.measuring衡量，測量。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“ahalffeetdeep(半英尺深)”可知，此處用于描述和衡量Johnny為死者挖掘的安息之地的深度，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞measure表示。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他為大約20000人挖掘了最后的安息之地，每個(gè)墳?zāi)苟荚诎胗⒊呱畹膱?jiān)硬冰冷的土中。A.hard堅(jiān)硬的；B.vast巨大的；C.protected受保護(hù)的；D.ruined毀滅的。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的“ahalffeetdeep(半英尺深)”以及設(shè)空后的“frozenground(冰冷的泥土)”可知，此處用于描述死者的墓穴，用“堅(jiān)硬的”最符合此處語境。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是如此受人尊敬，以至于葬禮的負(fù)責(zé)人都會(huì)根據(jù)他是否有空來安排他們的日程。A.popularity流行，普及；B.generosity慷慨，大方；C.availability可用性，可得到的（人或物），有空；D.responsibility責(zé)任，義務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“Heissorespectedthatfuneraldirectorsarrangetheirschedules(他是如此受人尊敬，以至于葬禮的負(fù)責(zé)人安排他們的日程)”可知，Johnny作為一個(gè)掘