大學(xué)英語3期末考試題-閱讀題題庫急加DAAN

大學(xué)英語3期末考試題，閱讀題題庫急加DAAN!

第一次

Whydosmokerstendtoweighlessthannonsmokersand

gainweightwhentheygiveupthehabit?

Contraryto"commonknowledge",nonsmokersdonot

generallyeatmorethansmokers,nordotheyexerciseless,

studiesfind.Researchperformedonsmokersatrestindicates

thatnicotine（尼古丁）itselfcanincreasebasalmetabolic（新陳代

謝的）rates,meaningsmokersburnmoreenergythan

nonsmokersduringperiodsofinactivity.Butsurveyssuggest

mostsmokerssmokenotwhilecompletelyatrest,butwhile

performinglightactivitiessuchasdeskworkthatcanincrease

metabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.Unlessnicotine7s

metaboliceffectsincreaseproportionallywithmetabolicrates,its

influenceonweightmightbeinsignificant.

Nowastudyshowsthatnicotine7seffectsonbody-fuel

consumptionindeedincreaseproportionallywithincreasesin

activity."Theseresultsindicatethatthemetaboliceffectof

nicotinemayplayagreaterpartinaccountingforbody-weight

differencesbetweensmokersandnonsmokersthanwas

previouslybelieved,"saysKennethA.Perkinsandhiscolleagues

attheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine.

Theresearchersgaveanicotinenosespraytoindividuals

performinglightwork—inthiscaseridinganexercisebicycle

modifiedtoalloweasyridingwhilesubjectsremainseatedina

comfortablearmchair.Theactivityraisedrestingmetabolicrates

twotothreetimes.

Byanalyzingairbreathedout,theresearcherscalculated

energyconsumptioninthearmchairbicyclistsbeforeandafter

givingthenosesprayandcomparedtherelativechangeswith

subjectsinthecontrolgroupgivenplacebo((試驗藥物用的)無

效對照劑)nosesprays.Relativetotheirbaselinebicycle

expenditures,individualsinthenicotinegroupexpended

considerablymoreenergythandidthoseincontrolgroupwhile

doingthesameamountofwork.Withnicotine,Perkinssays,

"It'sasifthebodyisbecomingmuchlessefficientinusingits

storedenergy/

Whiletheresultsmayseemdiscouragingtosmokerswho'd

liketoquitwithoutgainingweight,Perkinsnotesthatwalkingan

extramileadayshouldmakeupforthedifferenceinmetabolic

efficiency.Andhesayssmokerswouldhavetogain"wellmore

than50pounds"tocounterbalancethehealthrisksofcontinued

smoking.

1.Whatmight"commonknowledge"sayaboutsmokers

andnonsmokers?

A)Smokerseatmoreandexercisemorethannonsmokers.

B)Smokerseatlessandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

C)Smokerseatlessandexercisemorethannonsmokers.

V

D)Smokerseatmoreandexerciselessthannonsmokers.

答案：C

2.Whenmightnicotineinfluencesmokers'weight

significantly?

A)WhenNicotine7smetaboliceffectsandmetabolic

ratesincreaseatthesamerate.V

B)Whilesmokersareexercising.

C)Whilesmokersareatrest.

D)WhenNicotine7smetaboliceffectsincrease

proportionallywiththeamountoflightactivities.

答案：A

3.Theword"subjects"inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A)peopleundermedicaltreatment

B)researchers

C)peopleundergoinganexperimentV

D)addictedsmokers

答案：C

4.Whathavetheresearchersfoundoutintheirstudy?

A)Peopleinthearmchairexpendedmoreenergythan

peopledoingdeskwork.

B)Peopleinthecontrolgroupbreathedoutmoreair.

C)Peoplewithoutnicotinenosesprayarebecomingmuch

lessefficientinusingenergy.

D)Peopleinthenicotinegroupconsumedmoreenergy.

V

答案：D

5.Whydothestudyresultsseemdiscouragingtosome

smokersaccordingtothepassage?

A)Becausetheywanttogainweighttotacklethehealth

risksofcontinuedsmoking.

B)Becausetheywanttoquitsmokingandstillkeepfit.

V

C)Becausetheywanttowalkinganextramileadayto

losesomeweight.

D)Becausetheywanttokeepfitwithouthavingtoquit

smoking.

答案：B

Acertainamountofcontroversyhasbeencausedbythe

publicationofanewreportbyateamofeducationalistsheaded

byPro.B.J.Smith.Thereportclaimstohavestatisticalevidence

thatchildrenwhoattendanumberofdifferentschoolsthrough

theirparentshavingtomovearoundthecountryaremorethan

normallyvulnerabletoaviciouscycleoflowacademic

achievement.Therearealsoindications,saysProfessorSmith,of

anunusuallyhighrateofpsychologicaldismayamongsuch

children.

Theprofessor;whohaslongsuspectedthattheeffecton

childrenwhoseparentstraveltodifferentpartsofthecountryin

searchofworkhasnotbeensufficientlyresearched,stressesthat

thisisnotmerelyanexpressionofprejudice."Wearenot

dealingherewithopinions,"hesays,"It'strue,mypersonal

feelingisthatforchildren,swell-being,theyshouldstayinone

school.However;ourfindingsarebasedonresearchandnoton

anypersonalattitudesthatIormycolleaguesmayhaveonthe

subject."

Capt.ThomasMuller,anArmylecturerforthepast20years

andhimselfafatheroftwo,said,Tveneverheardsuch

rubbish.AsfarasI'mconcerned,absolutelynoharmisdoneto

theeducationofchildrenwhochangeschoolsregularly—as

longastheykeeptothesamesystemasinourArmyschool.In

myexperience—andFveknownquiteafewofthem—Army

childrenareaswell-adjustedasanyothers,ifnotmoreso.What

theProfessordoesn'tappeartoappreciateisthefactthatin

suchsituationschildrenwilladaptmuchbetterthanadults."

WhenthiswasputtoProfessorSmith,hesaidthatatnotime

hadhisteamsuggestedthatallsuchchildrenwerebackwardor

dismayedinsomeway,butsimplythatintheirexperiencethere

wasacleartendency.

"Ourfindingsindicatethatwhiletheextremelybrightchild

cancopewithregularemotionalturbulencewithoutharminghis

orhergeneralacademicprogress,themajorityofchildrensuffer

fromconstantlyhavingtoenteranewlearningenvironment/

6.WhatdoesProfessorSmith7sreportsuggest?

A)Childrenshouldn,tchangeschoolstoooften.V

B)Childrenwhohavetomovearoundthecountryare

betteratacademicachievement.

C)Childrenattendingmanyschoolshavecausedacertain

amountofcontroversy.

D)Childrenwhoattenddifferentschoolsaremore

vulnerabletoviciousdiseases.

較空?A

7.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkofthefindingsofthe

research?

A)Theyareprovedbytheresearch.V

B)Theyarejustbasedonhispersonalfeeling.

C)Theymaymerelybeanexpressionofprejudice.

D)Theyarebasedonpersonalattitudes.

分索?A

8.WhatdoesCapt.ThomasMullerthinkofchildrenwho

changeschoolsregularly?

A)Theycanactuallydealwiththenewenvironment

betterthanadults.V

B)Theydonoharmtotheeducation.

C)Theyfinditdifficulttokeeptothesamesystem.

D)Theyaregenerallyill-adjusted.

較空?A

9.HowdoesProfessorSmithdefendhimselfagainCapt.

ThomasMuller?

A)Hesuggeststhatchildrenhavingregularemotional

turbulencedonotharmtheiracademicprogress.

B)Hearguesthatonlyafewchildrenwillsufferfrom

changingschoolsregularly.

C)Hestressesthatthemajorityofchildrentendto

sufferfromconstantlyadaptingtoanewlearning

environment.V

D)Hebelievesthatextremelybrightchildlikesto

enteranewlearningenvironment.

答案：C

10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A)Howarmychildrengetusedtoanewlearning

environment.

B)Whetherchildrenwouldbeaffectedbychanging

schoolsregularly.V

C)TheprocedureProfessorSmithfollowedtoconducta

study.

D)Theopinionspeoplehaveaboutchildrenwhooften

changeschools.

答案：B

Recentlytherehasbeenatendencytosympathizewith

thieveswhoseoperationshavebeencarriedoutonagrandscale,

andnoattemptwhateverhasbeenmadetoholdthem

responsible.Someofthemostthievish(像竊賊的)transactions

haveflourishedandarestillflourishing.Theirsuccessandtheir

wealtharetheonlythingsrecognized.Theyarehonoredas

financiersandmenofaffairs,lookeduptoandrespected.

Inrealitytheyarenothingmoreandnothinglessthanalot

ofmercilessandheartlessthieves.Fraudisfraudandcheatingis

cheatingdespitetheartisticmannerinwhichitiscommittedor

thesizeofthescaleuponwhichitisoperated.

Itistimethesemenwereclassedproperlyandplacedwhere

theyrightlybelong,fortheyarenobetterthanthemiserable

sneak-thiefwhostealsapennyfromablindman'sdog.

Forthepasttwoorthreeyearsworkingpeoplewhohave

madesacrificestosaveafewpennieshavebeencheatedmost

unmercifully.Theirhard-earnedsavingshavebeenstolenfrom

thembyeverypossibleschemefromtheobviouslooting（打劫）

ofabanktothehigherandmoreartisticmethodoflegalized

highrisk,complexfinancialproducts.Menhighupinthe

financialworldhavelenttheirnamestosomeofthemostshady

andnotoriousschemesthateverdishonoredacommunityora

people.Becauseofthisthemostdiligentandeconomical（節(jié)儉

的）Americanpeoplehavebeeninducedtoplacetheirhard-

earnedandcarefullyguardedsavingsinwhattheywereledto

believewasasafeinvestment,onlytofindoutwhentoolatethat

theyhadfallenintothehandsofagangofextremelyrespectable

cheats.Theycannotrecoverwhattheyhavelost.

Thethiefistoopowerfultobeaffectedbythelawwhilethe

victimistooweaktoputitsmachineryinmotion.Itmaybethat

thelawisdefective,oritmaybethatthosehavingitsmachinery

inchargeareinfluencedbythewealthofthetransgressors（違犯

者）.Whateverorwhicheveritisthatisresponsibleoughttobe

investigatedandtheevilremedied.

11.Whatdoesthetendencymentionedinthefirstparagraph

reflect?

A）Peopleencouragesomeofthemostthievish

transactionstoflourish.

B）Peopleonlyrespectsuccessandwealthwithoutany

moraljudgment.V

C）Peopleprefertocarryoutoperationsonagrand

scale.

D)Peoplehavemadeattempttoholdthievesresponsible.

答案：B

12.Howdidworkingpeoplelosetheirhard-earnedsavings?

A)Theylenttheirmoneytomenhighupinthefinancial

world.

B)Theywerecheatedbythebank.V

C)Theywereunluckyininvestment.

D)Theywererobbedbythethievesnearby.

答案：B

13.Whenthewritersays"agangofextremelyrespectable

cheats"inParagraphFour,itisimpliedthat.

A)theyarewell-educatedbutill-behavedV

B)theyarerespectableinartisticcheating

C)theyarecheatswithrespectablegoals

D)theyarenotwell-educatedbutrespected

答案：A

14.Whatcouldbeapossiblereasonforthethievestoescape

fromlawaccordingtothepassage?

A)Theyarepowerfulenoughtoignorethelaw.

B)Therearedefectsinthelaw.V

C)Theyarewealthyenoughtocompensatethevictims.

D)Thevictimistooweaktoinvestigatethem.

答案：B

15.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)therearetoomanythievesandrobbers

B)industriousandhonestpeopleshouldbehighlypaid

C)moralstandardsarealwaysupheld

D)anythiefshouldbepunishedV

答案：D

Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,

anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearemanyfactorsto

takeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifferences

areunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,

sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyrelevant

whenlearningasecondlanguage.

AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfind

PortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinese,

forexample,becausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,while

Chineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearninga

secondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthe

secondlanguageandourfirst,theharderitwillbeformost

peopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardest

languagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearning

theChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinese

doesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.

However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinese

charactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbeless

difficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRoman

alphabet.

Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguagesreadily,whileothers

finditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthe

languageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseach

learner'smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguage

becausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnit

fasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectusein

theirdaytodaylife.

Apparently,Britishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhave

foundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwill

probablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethat

theyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian.This

doesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearn

foreveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoare

generallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulties.

Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswill

finddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.InthecaseofHungarian

forBritishlearners,itisnotaquestionofthewritingsystem,

whichusesasimilaralphabet,butthegrammaticalcomplexity,

thoughnativespeakersofrelatedlanguagesmayfinditeasier,

whilestrugglingwithlanguagesthattheBritishfindrelatively

easy.

16.Whyisithardtosaywhichlanguageisthemostdifficult

tolearn?

A)Becauseitisonlyrelevantwhenlearningasecond

language.

B)Becausedifferencesbetweenlanguagesare

unimportant.

C)Becausepeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally.

D)Becausemanyfactorshavetobeconsidered.V

答案：D

17.WhowillfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearn?

A)AnativespeakerofJapanese

B)AnativespeakerofHungarian

C)AnativespeakerofSpanishV

D)AnativespeakerofChinese

答案：C

18.WhatisthemostproblematiclanguagetoBritish

diplomatsandotherembassystaff?

A)JapaneseB)SpanishC)Hungarian

D)Chinese

答案：c

19.WhydomanypeoplethinkChineseisthehardest

languagetolearn?

A)BecausethepronunciationofChineseisdifficult.

V

B)BecausethegrammarofChineseiscomplex.

C)BecauseChineseisnotdirectlyusedintheirlife.

D)BecauseChineseusestheRomanalphabet.

答案：A

20.Whatfactorscannotaffectlearningasecondlanguage

accordingtothepassage?

A)eachlearner'smotivationforlearning

B)neighboringcountriesV

C)teachersandthecircumstances

D)firstlanguage

答案：B

In1976,WinklerwroteaMyTurnabouttheoverwhelming

reactiontothecharacterheplayedonthepopulartelevision

sitcom(情景喜劇),"HappyDays".Theshowwasatitspeak,and

Fonziewasitssuperstar.Infact,Americansrelatedsostronglyto

thecharacterthatWinklerbecameapparentlypermanentlypart

ofthecountry7sbroad,extendedfamily.Threedecadeslater,

fansstillgreettheactorwithFonzie7ssignaturethumbs-upsign

andalong,drawnout"Aaay!"

"Alltheseyearslater,thewarmthIamtreatedwithis

unbelievable,anditsallovertheworld,"Winklersays.Heno

longerreceivesthe50,000fanlettersayearthathegotduring

"HappyDays"'soriginalrun,buttheystillcomebythe

hundreds.Andonthestreet,folkstendtohav