英語語法課件9.簡單句和并列句

Englishgrammarcourseware9:simplesentencesandcompoundsentencesIntroductionOverviewandStructureofSimpleSentencesOverviewandStructureofParallelSentencesComparisonbetweensimplesensesandcompoundsenses目錄CommonerrorsandcorrectionmethodsPracticequestionsandansweranalysisSummary,Review,andExtension目錄01Introduction

PurposeandbackgroundToprovidelearnerswithacomprehensiveunderstandingofsimpleintentionsandcompoundintentionsinEnglishgrammarToenablelearnerstoconstructgrammaticallycorrectsensesandenhancetheirwritingskillsToserveasaresourceforteachersandstudentsalike,facilitatingtheteachingandlearningprocessofEnglishgrammarOverviewofcoursewarecontentDefinitionandexamplesofsimplepresence:AsimplepresenceisabasicunitoflanguagethatcontainsasubjectandapredicateandexpressionsacompletethoughtExamplesinclude"Shesingsbeautifully."and"Theyarrivedearly."Definitionandexamplesofcompoundattention:Acompoundattentionconcernsoftwoormoreindependentclaimsjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,and,but,or)orasemiconductorExamplesinclude"Ilikecoffee,buthepreferstea."and"Shestudiedhard;thereare,shepassedtheexam."Explanationoftherelationshipbetweensimpleandcompoundintentions:CompoundintentionsarebuildinguponthefoundationofsimpleintentionsTheycombinemultiplesimplesensestodiscovermorecomplexideasortoadddiversityandinteresttowritingGuidelinesforconstructinggrammaticallycorrectsimpleandcompoundsentences:Thissectionwillprovidetipsandrulesforformingwellstructuredsimpleandcompoundsentences,includingproperpunches,subjectverbagreements,andtheuseofcoordinatingconnections02OverviewandStructureofSimpleSentencesAsimplepresenceisapresencethatcontainsonlyoneindependentclauseAnindependentclaimisagroupofwordsthatcontainsasubjectandaverbandexpressionsacompletethoughtSimplesensesarethemostbasicsensestructureinEnglishgrammarDefinitionandcharacteristicsofsimplesensesThepredicateistheverborverbphrasethatdescribestheactionorstateofbeingofthesubjectTogether,thesubjectandpredicateformthecompletethoughtorideaofthepresenceThesubjectisthenounorpronouninasensethatperformstheactionorisinastateofbeingSubjectpredictrelationshipObjectsarenounsorpronounsthatreceivetheactionoftheverbTheycanbedirectobjectsorindirectobjectsAttributivesareobjectivesorobjectivephrasesthatmodifyordescribenounsorpronounsOtherpresencecomponentsincludeadvertisementsthatmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvertisements,andpreliminaryphrasesthatprovideadditionalinformationaboutnounsorpronounsSentencecomponentssuchasobjectsandattributes03OverviewandStructureofParallelSentencesAcompoundpresenceisapresencethatcontainstwoormoreindependentclaimsjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,and,but,or)orasemiconductorEachindependentclaiminacompoundpresencecanstandaloneasacompletethought,containingasubjectandaverb,andexpressingacompleteideaCompoundintentionsaremorecomplexthansimpleintentions,astheyinvolvethecombinationofmultipleideasintoasinglepresencestructureDefinitionandcharacteristicsofcompoundsensesParallelconnectionsarecoordinatingconnectionsthatjointwoormorewords,phrases,orclausesthataregraphicallyequalorsimilarinstructureTheseconnectionscanbeusedtojoinindependentclauses,creatingcompoundsentences,ortojoinotherparallelelementswithinasentenceTheuseofparallelconnectionsaddsdiversityandcomplexitytowriting,allowingfortheexpressionofmultipleideaswithinasinglesenseCommonparallelconnectionsinclude"and,""but,""or,""nor,""for,""so,"and"year."TypesandUseofParallelConnectionsAcompoundsubjectiswhenapresencehastwoormoresubjectsthatsharethesameverbForexample:"JohnandMaryaregoingtothemovies."Inthispresence,"JohnandMary"isthecomplexsubjectAcompoundpredictiswhenapresencehastwoormoreverbsthatsharethesamesubjectForexample:"Shesingsanddances."Inthispresence,"singsanddances"isthecompoundpredictionBothcompoundsubjectsandcompoundpredictionsaddcomplexitytopresence,allowingfortheexpressionofmultipleideasoractionswithinasinglepresencestructureCompoundsubjectandcompoundprediction04ComparisonbetweensimplesensesandcompoundsensesSimplecaresAsimplecareconcernsofasingleindependentclause,whichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandexpressionsacompletethoughtCompoundattentionAcompoundattentionismadeupoftwoormoreindependentclaimsjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection(e.g.,and,but,or)orasemiconductorStructuraldifferencesSimplecaresstylishlyexpressasingleideaorconceptandhaveastraightforwardsemanticrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandpredicateSimplecaresCompoundsensescanexpressmorecomplexideasandrelationshipsbetweentheclausesTheclaimscanberelatedinvariousways,suchascauseandeffect,contrast,orsequenceCompoundsensesComparisonofsemanticrelationshipsSimplesensesareoftenusedininformationwritingorspeech,astheyareconsistentandeasytounderstandTheycanalsobeeffectiveincreatingasenseofurgencyorimpactSimplesensesCompoundsensesaremorecommoninformalwritingorspeech,astheyallowformorecomplexityandnuanceintheexpressionofideasTheycanbeusedtocreateasenseofbalance,contrast,ortoaccommodatemultipleideaswithinasinglesenseCompoundsensesUsagescenarioanalysis05CommonerrorsandcorrectionmethodsSubjectverbagreement01AcommonerrorinsimplesensesisthemismatchbetweenthesubjectandtheverbForexample,using"theyare"insteadof"they're"orviceverseSenseconsistency02Anothercommonmistakeistheincorrectuseoftensions,suchasmixingpresenceandpasttensionsinthesamepresenceorusingthewrongformofaverbPuncture03ImproveuseofPuncture,suchascommas,canchangethemeaningofasimplesentenceForinstance,missingacommacanturnacompoundpresenceintoarunonpresenceCommonerrorsinsimplesensesRunonsensesArunonsenseoccurrenceswhentwoindependentclausesarejoinedwithoutproperpunctationorconnectionThismakesthepresencedifferencetounderstandingCommaslicesACommasliceisatypeofrunonpresencewheretwoindependentclausesarejoinedonlybyaComma,withoutacoordinatingjunctionIncorrectuseofconnectionsConnectionslike"and,""but,""and"or"areusedtoconnectindependentclausesincompoundsentences."However,theyareoftenmisused,resultingingrammaticallyincorrectintentionsCommonerrorsincompoundsensesCorrectivemethodsandtechniquesProofreading:ProofreadingyourworkcanhelpidentifyandcorrectgrammarerrorsReadingthetextalreadyorhavingsomeoneelsereaditcanalsohelpspotmissesGrammarcheckers:UsinggrammarcheckerscanassistinfindingandfixingcommongrammarerrorsHowever,theyshouldnotberelievedonentireastheymaymisssomemissesorprovideincorrectsuggestionsPractice:RegularpracticeinwritingandspeakingEnglishcanhelpimprovegrammarskillsThiscanbedonethroughwritingexercises,speakingpractice,andreadingmaterialsthatarewellwrittenandgrammaticallycorrectReferencematerials:Referringtogrammarbooks,onlineresources,orhandoutscanprovideguidanceonpropergrammarusageandhelpcorrecterrors06PracticequestionsandansweranalysisIdentifythefollowingintentionsassimpleorcomplexExercisequestionsSheLaughedandClappedHerHandsTheyplayedintheparkAlthoughitwastraining,theystillwetforawalkExercisequestionsHestudiedhardbecausehewantedtopasstheexamRewritethefollowingcompoundintentionsassimpleintentionsTheywenttothemovies,andthentheyhaddinnerExercisequestionsShecompletedherhomework,butshewenttoturnitinHeenjoysplayingtennis,andhealsolikesswimmingTheywerelateforthemeetingbecausetheygotstuckintrafficExercisequestionsAnswerstotheidentificationquestionsSheLaughedandClappedHerHands(Compoundsentence:Itcontainstwoindependentclaimsjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection"and".)AnsweranalysisandexplanationTheyplayedinthepark(SimplesenseItcontainsonlyoneindependentclause.)要點一要點二Althoughitwastraining,t…Itcontainstwoclauses,onedependentandoneindependent,joinedbyaborderingconnection"Although".)AnsweranalysisandexplanationAnsweranalysisandexplanationHestudiedhardbecausehewantedtopasstheexamAnswerstotherewritequestionsTheywenttothemovies,andthentheyhaddinner.->Theywenttothemoviesandhaddinner