山東省德州市2023-2024學年高一上學期期末統(tǒng)考英語試題（含答案解析）

優(yōu)高聯(lián)考高一英語試題2024.1本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。注意事項：1.答第Ⅰ卷前考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號框。3.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在試卷上無效。第Ⅰ卷(滿分95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howlongwillthegirlstaywithherparents?A.Foroneweek.B.Fortwoweeks.C.Forthreeweeks.2.Whatdoesthemanwant?A.Chocolatecakes.B.Creamcakes.C.Lemoncakes.3.Whatisthemanbuying?A.Shoes.B.Socks.C.Pants.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Takeaphotoofher.B.Payforhistrousers.C.Fixhisshirt.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheairport.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthemansellinghisbookshelf?A.Heneedsabiggerone.B.Hehasfewbookstofillit.C.Hehasoneinthenewapartment.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Buyingbooksonline.B.Sellingoldthings.C.Choosinganewhouse.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whichmagazineisdesignedforsportslovers?A.Enterprise.B.Action.C.FacesandPlaces.9.WhatdopeopleliketoreadaboutaccordingtoMr.Foster?A.Successfulcompanies.B.Differentplaces.C.Personalstories.10.WhatdoesMr.Fosterdo?A.He’sasalesman.B.He’sawriter.C.He’sapainter.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howmanykindsoffruitdidthewomanbuyatfirst?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Havesomeyogurt.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Buysomeapples.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Preparethebill.B.Deliverthegoods.C.Serveanothercustomer.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14Whatdoesthewomanwanttoworkasafteruniversity?A.Azookeeper.B.Ananimaldoctor.C.Adogtrainer.15.Howmanydogsandcatsdoestheanimalcenterhave?A.44.B.20.C.24.16.Whatkindofpetdoesthewomanhaveathome?A.Arabbit.B.Abird.C.Adog.17.Whatdoesthemanthinkofdogs?A.Cute.B.Scary.C.Interesting.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.What’sthepurposeofthetalk?A.Tointroducewesternculture.B.Toexplainhowtowriteapaper.C.Totellthestudentsthecourseplan.19.Whatwillstudentsdoat8:30a.m.onMondays?A.Attendalecture.B.Writeapaper.C.Gettheirpapersback.20.Whenwillthespeakercometodiscussthepapers?A.Overtheweekends.B.BeforetheclassonTuesdays.C.OnThursdayandFridayafternoons.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。AKnowingsomegreatervalueofsocialskillscanbepowerfulinmanywaystobuildconnectionsandmakewisedecisions.Sotrytofindoutwhatkindofsocialtypeyoumaybe.Q1:Whenfacedwithachallenge,Itendto:A)Acceptitlikeacompetitor.B)Analyse(分析)itlikeadetective.C)Lookforadvicefromothers.Q2:Insocialsituations,Ioften:A)Controltheconversation.B)Listencarefully,collectingdetails.C)Prefertoobserveuntilmymoment.Q3:Whenpresentinganidea,Ifocuson:A)Attractingmyaudiencewithenthusiasmandenergy.B)Providinganeatandorganizedargument.C)Dealingwithpossibleproblemswithpatience.Q4:Myapproachtodealingwithrejection(拒絕)isto:A)Takeitasachallengetoimproveanddeterminetowin!B)Analyzewhatwentwrongandtrytofixandplayagain.C)Feelupsetforashorttimebutsoonlaughagain.Results●MostlyA’s:TheEnthusiasticPioneerYouareanenthusiasticpioneer,readytocompeteandovercomeanydifficulty.●MostlyB’s:TheThoughtfulExpertYou’veshownthepersonalityofathoughtfulexpert.Muchlikeadetectiveanalyzingalltheclues,andyouranalyticalapproachisimpressive.●MostlyC’s:TheCooperative(合作型)ConnectorBeingacooperativeconnectorisvaluable.Lookingforadviceanddealingwithworriesreflectyourunderstandingandproblem-solvingskills.Buttodevelopfurther,presentyourideasmoreconfidently.1.IfTomcontrolstheconversation,fearingnochallengestocompete,heis.A.acooperativeconnector B.athoughtfulexpertC.anenthusiasticpioneer D.anindependentdetective2.Whatisthebestadvicefor“TheCooperativeConnector”?A.Morecooperation. B.Morereflection.C.Moreunderstanding. D.Moreconfidence.3.Whatisthepassage?A.Aquiz. B.Adiary. C.Aplay. D.Apaper.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則心理測試，通過一系列問題測試屬于哪種社會類型?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Results部分中“Youareanenthusiasticpioneer,readytocompeteandovercomeanydifficulty.(你是一個熱情的先鋒，隨時準備競爭和克服任何困難)”可知，如果湯姆能控制談話，不怕競爭的挑戰(zhàn)，他就是一個熱情的先鋒。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Buttodevelopfurther,presentyourideasmoreconfidently.(但是為了進一步發(fā)展，更自信地表達你的想法)”可知，對“合作連接者”最好的建議是更有信心。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Knowingsomegreatervalueofsocialskillscanbepowerfulinmanywaystobuildconnectionsandmakewisedecisions.Sotrytofindoutwhatkindofsocialtypeyoumaybe.(了解一些社交技能的更大價值可以在許多方面建立聯(lián)系并做出明智的決定。所以試著找出你可能屬于哪種社會類型)”結(jié)合文章是一則心理測試，通過一系列問題測試屬于哪種社會類型。由此推知，文章是一則小測試。故選A。BEarlierthisyearIwasaskedtodesignasculptureforLondon’sfirststep-freetrail(無障礙通道)withWhizz-Kidz,theUK’sleadingcharityforyoungwheelchairusers.ItwasanofferIcouldn’tpossiblyrefuse,consideringthetrailisawaytoincreasepublicawarenessabouttheneedforwheelchairuserstobemobileandincludedinsociety,throughthepowerofart.Itwasalsosomethingthatseemedextraimportanttome,asartisn’talwayssomethingaccessibletomeasadisabledperson.Iwasborninaworking-classfamilyin1969.Weneverhadmuchmoney,sogettinghobbieswasdifficult.ButMumandDadalwaysmadesurethatIhadsomethingtodrawon.Asachild,Ioftenlostmyselfindrawinginoursmallhouse.However,abadillnesscausedmetobeparalyzedat11,endingupinawheelchair.Still,duringthesedarkmomentsIlearnedtoescapethroughart.Fortunately,Irecoveredenoughtogotoartcollege.ItwaswhenafriendrecommendedaniPadtomeinmythirtiesthatmylifeasanartisttotallychanged.ItchangedthewayImadeart,asIcouldeffectivelycreateartdigitally.Theartpouredoutofme.Thingsmovedsoquicklythatafterjustfourmonths,myworkonmypersonalexperiencesasadisabledpersonwasshowninagroupshowinAmerica.Andthisledmetoworkwithgroupsofdisabledpeople,soIcoulduseiPadtomakeartaboutthestoriesIwasbeingtold.Iwasnotgivingthemavoice,butitwastheywhogavemeavoice,sothatIcouldmakepublicartaboutdisability.Eventually,Ihopedartwouldchangepublicpolicy.Ihopethousandsofdisabledpeoplewillbeabletotakepartandenjoythewonderfulartonshow,andIknowitisacelebrationofthemandtheirlives.4.Whydidthewriteraccepttheoffer?A.Todisplayhissculpture. B.Tomakeartmoreaccessible.C.Todonatemorewheelchairs. D.Toshowhisfightingspirit.5.Whatisknownabouttheartist’schildhood?A.Hehadvarioushobbies. B.Helivedarichlife.C.Illnessendedhisdream. D.Arthelpedhimout.6.HowdidiPadaffecthiscareer?A.Hegotalessonofartcreation. B.ItledtohispopularityinAmerica.C.Hewasbetterequippedtocreateart. D.Itlethimworkwithartistsworldwide.7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Morestep-freetrailsshouldbereplaced. B.Digitalartcouldpromotethetraditionalart.C.Thedisabledcanmakeahappylifeasanartist. D.Policymakersshouldhavethedisabledinmind.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時候因為嚴重疾病癱瘓了，是藝術(shù)幫助了作者。經(jīng)歷了這件事后，作者接受了和慈善機構(gòu)Whizz-Kidz一起為倫敦第一條無臺階步道設(shè)計雕塑的提議，想要更多殘疾人可以接觸到藝術(shù)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasalsosomethingthatseemedextraimportanttome,asartisn’talwayssomethingaccessibletomeasadisabledperson.(這對我來說似乎也是特別重要的，因為作為一個殘疾人，藝術(shù)對我來說并不總是觸手可及的)”可知，作者接受了這個提議是為了使藝術(shù)更容易接近。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,abadillnesscausedmetobeparalyzedat11,endingupinawheelchair.Still,duringthesedarkmomentsIlearnedtoescapethroughart.Fortunately,Irecoveredenoughtogotoartcollege.(然而，一場嚴重的疾病使我在11歲時癱瘓，最終坐在輪椅上。然而，在這些黑暗的時刻，我學會了通過藝術(shù)來逃避。幸運的是，我恢復得很好，去了藝術(shù)學院)”可知，藝術(shù)幫助了藝術(shù)家的童年。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ItwaswhenafriendrecommendedaniPadtomeinmythirtiesthatmylifeasanartisttotallychanged.ItchangedthewayImadeart,asIcouldeffectivelycreateartdigitally.(在我30多歲的時候，一位朋友向我推薦了一臺iPad，從此我的藝術(shù)生涯徹底改變了。它改變了我創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)的方式，因為我可以有效地用數(shù)字技術(shù)創(chuàng)作藝術(shù))”可知，iPad使作者能更好地進行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Eventually,Ihopedartwouldchangepublicpolicy.Ihopethousandsofdisabledpeoplewillbeabletotakepartandenjoythewonderfulartonshow,andIknowitisacelebrationofthemandtheirlives.(最終，我希望藝術(shù)能改變公共政策。我希望成千上萬的殘疾人能夠參加并享受精彩的藝術(shù)表演，我知道這是對他們和他們生活的慶祝)”可推知，作者在最后一段暗示了政策制定者應(yīng)該為殘疾人著想。故選D。CIntheshadowsofeverydaylife,millionssilentlybattleatoughdisease—IBS.Theunpredictabilityofguthealth,endlessbloating,andthefearofinconvenienttoiletvisitsthrowacloudovereveryday.IntheUnitedKingdomalone,morethan6.5millionpeoplestrugglewithgutproblems,with43%ofthemexperiencingtoiletproblemsthatbothertheirdailylives.IBSaffectsnotjusthealthbutalsofamily,work,relationships,andtravelplans.It’saconditionthatoftengoesunspoken,leavingsuffererslonelyandashamed.Butthere’sarayofhopenow,andit’scalledGutWealth.UsershavereportedsignificantimprovementsinguthealthafteraddingtheGutWealthintotheireverydaylife.GutWealthoffersmorethanreliefanditallowsthefreedomtoenjoylifewithoutthestressoftheircondition.SowhatisGutWealthandwhydopeoplehavesuchgreatresultsafterusingit?MadeintheUK,GutWealthismadeupofsevenkeymaterials,includinga“goodbacteria”thatreducesbloatingandimprovesguthealth.Italsotastesgood,doesn’tneedafridge,makingitconvenientforthoseonthego.ThehandyGutWealthisalsolowinsugarandsuitableforawiderangeofdietneeds.What’smore,GutWealthisconvenientlypackagedanddesignedforbestintake.GutWealthismorethanahealthcareproduct;it’sahopeforthosebattlingtheIBS.It’schanginglivesandbreakingthesilenceoftheIBSpatients.TrustyourgutagainwithGutWealth,andrediscoverthefreedomtolivelifetothefullest,sayinggoodbyetotheshameandlonelinessofIBS.8.Whomightbeinterestedinthepassage?A.Onewhohasgutproblems. B.Oneeagertotastesnacks.C.Onewhooftenfeelslonely. D.Oneplanninganewtravel.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.IBShasbecomeahugeconcerninBritain. B.MoreandmorepeoplearetreatedbyIBS.CMostoftheBritisharesufferingfromIBS. D.IBShasseriouseffectsonBritishtourism.10.WhichoneisthefeatureofGutWealth?A.Ittastesextremelysweet. B.Itneedscoldstorage.C.Itincreasesmorebacteria. D.Itisniceforeverydayuse.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ANewPainkiller,IBS B.GutWealth,GethealthC.AMedicineChangingLives D.EndYourLoneliness【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。結(jié)合文章主要說明了有許多人患有腸易激綜合征，介紹了名為GutWealth的產(chǎn)品，介紹了其優(yōu)點以及工作原理?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Intheshadowsofeverydaylife,millionssilentlybattleatoughdisease—IBS.Theunpredictabilityofguthealth,endlessbloating,andthefearofinconvenienttoiletvisitsthrowacloudovereveryday.(在日常生活的陰影中，數(shù)百萬人默默地與一種嚴重的疾病——腸易激綜合征作斗爭。腸道健康的不可預測性，沒完沒了的腹脹，以及對不便上廁所的恐懼，每天都籠罩著一層陰云)”結(jié)合下文對GutWealth的介紹可推知，腸胃有問題的人可能對這篇文章感興趣。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“IntheUnitedKingdomalone,morethan6.5millionpeoplestrugglewithgutproblems,with43%ofthemexperiencingtoiletproblemsthatbothertheirdailylives.IBSaffectsnotjusthealthbutalsofamily,work,relationships,andtravelplans.It’saconditionthatoftengoesunspoken,leavingsuffererslonelyandashamed.(僅在英國，就有超過650萬人患有腸道疾病，其中43%的人遇到廁所問題，這影響了他們的日常生活。腸易激綜合癥不僅影響健康，還影響家庭、工作、人際關(guān)系和旅行計劃。這種情況往往難以啟齒，讓患者感到孤獨和羞愧)”可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是腸易激綜合癥在英國已經(jīng)成為一個大問題。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“UsershavereportedsignificantimprovementsinguthealthafteraddingtheGutWealthintotheireverydaylife.(用戶報告說，在日常生活中加入GutWealth后，他們的腸道健康得到了顯著改善)”可知，日常很好使用是GutWealth的特征。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)最后一段“GutWealthismorethanahealthcareproduct;it’sahopeforthosebattlingtheIBS.It’schanginglivesandbreakingthesilenceoftheIBSpatients.TrustyourgutagainwithGutWealth,andrediscoverthefreedomtolivelifetothefullest,sayinggoodbyetotheshameandlonelinessofIBS.(GutWealth不僅僅是一種保健產(chǎn)品；這對那些與腸易激綜合癥作斗爭的人來說是一種希望。它正在改變?nèi)藗兊纳睿蚱颇c易激綜合征患者的沉默。用GutWealth再次相信你的直覺，重新發(fā)現(xiàn)充分享受生活的自由，告別腸易激綜合征的羞恥和孤獨)”可知，文章主要介紹了名為GutWealth的產(chǎn)品，包括其優(yōu)點以及工作原理。因此B選項“GutWealth幫助你獲得健康”最符合文章標題。故選B。DInaworldofconstantnoise,endlesschoices,andgreatcomplexity,thedesireforsimplicityhasbecomeanecessity.Thebook“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo,”byBruceMullen,digsintothedeepphilosophyofsimplicityindecision-making.Theinterestingtitletellsreaderstograsptheartofclearchoices.Thebookrecommendsustoputourenergiesintothedefinite“Yes”andavoidfromweakeningoureffortswiththelessimportantdetails.Simplicityindecision-makingstressesclearnessandefficiencywhilemakingchoices.Inaworldfilledwithinformationoverload,usingsimplicitycanleadtobetterresults.Whenfacedwithcomplexdecisions,individualsororganizationsoftenstruggletodealwithplentyofdata,leadingtoimperfectchoices.Byacceptingsimplicity,decision-makersaimtogetthekeyinformation,focusonthemostrelatedfactors,andavoidunnecessarydetails.Thisapproachencouragesustopickoutthemainaims,enablingquickerevaluationsandconclusions.Throughhispersonalexperiences,Mullenfeltthepowerofsimplicity,leadinghimtomakebetterdecisions.Thisbookcanalsobeappliedtobusinessplanning.Mullen’sexplorationintothephrase“yesmeansyes”showedtheimportanceofclearintentioninnegotiatinglife’scrossroads.Basically,“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanjustanexplorationofsimplicityintheory;it’sapracticalguidetoimprovedecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tonlypromotethephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththeskillstheyneedtocarryitouteffectively.Fromtechniquestoprioritize(優(yōu)先)taskstomethodsforremovingdistractions,thebookofferspracticaltoolsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.Forthoseseekingtolivealifewithaclearpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightamongthefogofindecision.12.Whatis“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”mainlyabout?A.Itencouragesustoliveasimplelife. B.Ittellsustheimportanceofmorechoices.C.Itfocusesonhowtomakeagooddecision. D.Itoffersaworkableapproachtoreducingnoise.13.Whatisconsideredabarrierindecision-making?A.Missedopportunities. B.Mentalstress.C.Overloadedinformation. D.Heateddiscussions.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negotiating”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Cuttingdown. B.Gettingthrough C.Tellingapart. D.Makingup.15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsMullen’sbook?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Pessimistic. D.Positive.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”這本書可以幫助讀者做出一個好的決定?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thebook“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo,”byBruceMullen,digsintothedeepphilosophyofsimplicityindecision-making.Theinterestingtitletellsreaderstograsptheartofclearchoices.Thebookrecommendsustoputourenergiesintothedefinite“Yes”andavoidfromweakeningoureffortswiththelessimportantdetails.(布魯斯·馬倫“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”一書深入探討了簡單決策的深奧哲學。有趣的標題告訴讀者要掌握清晰選擇的藝術(shù)。這本書建議我們把精力放在明確的“是”上，避免在不重要的細節(jié)上削弱我們的努力)”可知，“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”主要側(cè)重于如何做出一個好的決定。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenfacedwithcomplexdecisions,individualsororganizationsoftenstruggletodealwithplentyofdata,leadingtoimperfectchoices.(當面臨復雜的決策時，個人或組織往往難以處理大量的數(shù)據(jù)，從而導致不完美的選擇)”可知，決策過程中的障礙是信息過載。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Throughhispersonalexperiences,Mullenfeltthepowerofsimplicity,leadinghimtomakebetterdecisions.Thisbookcanalsobeappliedtobusinessplanning.(通過他的個人經(jīng)歷，馬倫感受到了簡單的力量，這讓他做出了更好的決定。這本書也可以應(yīng)用于商業(yè)計劃)”以及后文“l(fā)ife’scrossroads”可知，馬倫對“是就是是”這句話的探索表明，經(jīng)歷人生的十字路口，明確的意圖很重要。故劃線詞意思是“經(jīng)歷”。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Basically,“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanjustanexplorationofsimplicityintheory;it’sapracticalguidetoimprovedecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tonlypromotethephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththeskillstheyneedtocarryitouteffectively.Fromtechniquestoprioritize(優(yōu)先)taskstomethodsforremovingdistractions,thebookofferspracticaltoolsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.Forthoseseekingtolivealifewithaclearpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightamongthefogofindecision.(基本上，“是就是是，其他一切就是不是”不僅僅是對理論上簡單性的探索；這是一本提高決策能力的實用指南。作者不僅推廣了這一理念，還為讀者提供了有效貫徹這一理念所需的技能。從優(yōu)先處理任務(wù)的技巧到消除干擾的方法，這本書提供了簡化決策過程的實用工具。對于那些尋求有明確目標的生活的人來說，這本書是在優(yōu)柔寡斷的迷霧中指引方向的明燈)”可推知，作者對這本書是支持態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thereisincreasingevidencethatsittingdowntoomuchcanbearisktoourhealth.____16____Thesestudieshaveshownsittingforlongperiodscanslowthemetabolism(新陳代謝),whichaffectsthebody’sabilitytocontrolbloodsugar,bloodpressureandbreakdownbodyfat.____17____Beingoverweightandobese,type2diabetes,heartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancersarethemostcommonones.Expertsrecommendbreakinguplongperiodsofsittingtimewithlightactivities,forexample,walking,jogging,swimmingandsoon.____18____Weareadvisedtoexerciseregularlyatleast150minutesaweek,andreducesittingtime.However,thereiscurrentlynotenoughevidencetosetatimelimitonhowmuchtimeweshouldsiteachday.However,somecountrieshavemadesuggestionsthatchildrenlimitscreentime,suchasTVandvideogames,to1to2hoursaday.Thisistoreducethetimespentsitting.Forchildrenandteenagersaged5to18,reducingsittingtimeincludesanythingthatinvolvesmovinginoraroundthehome,classroomorcommunity.____19____*Agreeafamilylimittoscreentimeperday.*MakebedroomsaTV,electronicdevice,laptopandphone-freezone.*Set“noscreentime”rulestoencourageotheractivities.*Encourageparticipationinhousechores,suchassettingthetableortakingthebinsout.*Choosegiftssuchasascooter,skateboard,ballorkitetoencourageactiveplay.____20____Researchesseemtopointtothefactthatlesssittingandmoremovingcontributetobetterhealth.Wemightstartbysimplystandingratherthansittingwhenwehavethechance.A.Anywaymovemore,sitless.B.Forstarters,you’llburnmorecalories.C.Herearesometipstoreducetheirsittingtime.D.Mostoftheevidenceisbasedonscientificstudies.E.Theycanreduceourriskofbadhealthfrominactivity.F.Scientistsdon’tyetknowexactlywhysittingissobad.G.Studieshavelinkedbeinginactivewithhealthproblems.【答案】16.D17.G18.E19.C20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基于科學研究的大量證據(jù)表明久坐對健康有害，建議在久坐的情況下進行輕度的活動，同時可以限制青少年的屏幕時間，減少他們坐著的時間?！?6題詳解】前文“Thereisincreasingevidencethatsittingdowntoomuchcanbearisktoourhealth.(越來越多的證據(jù)表明，久坐會對我們的健康造成危害)”指出久坐對健康有害是有證據(jù)支撐的，因此D項“Mostoftheevidenceisbasedonscientificstudies.(大多數(shù)證據(jù)都是基于科學研究)”符合語境，說明證據(jù)的來源，承接前文，其中的evidence在前文有同詞復現(xiàn)。故選D?！?7題詳解】后文“Beingoverweightandobese,type2diabetes,heartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancersarethemostcommonones.(超重和肥胖、2型糖尿病、心臟病和某些類型的癌癥是最常見的)”介紹了一些最常見的疾病，因此G項“Studieshavelinkedbeinginactivewithhealthproblems.(研究表明，不運動與健康問題有關(guān))”符合語境，指出不運動與健康問題之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，后文的疾病是在列舉具體的健康問題。故選G?！?8題詳解】前文“Expertsrecommendbreakinguplongperiodsofsittingtimewithlightactivities,forexample,walking,jogging,swimmingandsoon.(專家建議打破長時間坐著的狀態(tài)，進行一些輕度的活動，比如散步、慢跑、游泳等)”建議進行一些輕度的活動，因此E項“Theycanreduceourriskofbadhealthfrominactivity.(它們可以降低我們因不運動而導致健康狀況不佳的風險)”符合語境，解釋這些活動的作用，承接前文，其中的They指代前文提到的各種輕度的活動。故選E?！?9題詳解】前文“Forchildrenandteenagersaged5to18,reducingsittingtimeincludesanythingthatinvolvesmovinginoraroundthehome,classroomorcommunity.(對于5到18歲的兒童和青少年來說，減少坐著的時間包括在家里、教室或社區(qū)里或周圍的活動)”建議減少各個場景中兒童和青少年坐著的時間，后文“Agreeafamilylimittoscreentimeperday.(商定家庭每天看屏幕的時間限制)”和“MakebedroomsaTV,electronicdevice,laptopandphone-freezone.(讓臥室成為沒有電視、電子設(shè)備、筆記本電腦和手機的地方)”等提供了具體的方法，因此C項“Herearesometipstoreducetheirsittingtime.(以下是一些減少久坐時間的建議)”符合語境，承前啟后，引出后文具體的方法，其中的their指代前文的childrenandteenagersaged5to18。故選C。【20題詳解】空處位于段首，需引出段落內(nèi)容。根據(jù)后文“Researchesseemtopointtothefactthatlesssittingandmoremovingcontributetobetterhealth.Wemightstartbysimplystandingratherthansittingwhenwehavethechance.(研究似乎指出，少坐多動有助于身體健康。如果有機會，我們可以從站著開始，而不是坐著)”可知，本段主要建議少坐多動，從站著開始保持健康，因此A項“Anyway,movemore,sitless.(總之，多動、少坐)”符合語境，契合后文內(nèi)容，其中的movemore,sitless呼應(yīng)后文的lesssittingandmoremoving。故選A。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Merdawasenjoyingapeacefulafternoonbytheriverwhensuddenlyanalligator(短吻鱷)attackedhim.Hescreamed,feeling____21____.Afterafiercestruggle,hemanagedto____22____thejawsofthedangerousanimal.Buthewasleftwitha____23____infectedwound,leadingtotheamputation(截肢)ofasignificantportionofhisarm.Thiswasanunbelievablychallenging____24____forMerda,bothphysicallyandemotionally.Despitethesesetbacks,Merda____25____togivein.Hetriedtoreturntowork,butsoonrealizedthelimitationsofhis____26____.Hisheartwasbroken,buthewasthankfulthathewasstillalive.Sohebeganto____27____newopportunitiesandwaystomakealivingwhile____28____thevaluablelessonshehadlearned.Merdahopedtousetheexperiencetobecomeamotivationalspeakerandhelpotherswhomayfeel____29____inlife,encouragingthemnevertogiveupandmoveforwardbravely.Hisfinal____30____wastoinspireotherstoovercometheirfearsandrealizetheirdreams.Merdabelievedthatifhecould____31____abattlewithanalligator,thenanyonecould____32____theirfearsandmakegreatachievements.Merda’sstorywentviraland____33____nationalmediaattention.Itservesasapowerful____34____thatdeterminationandstrongbeliefcanhelpusovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Hehasbecomea(n)____35____tomanypeople.JustasMerdaoncesaid,“I’mgoingtofightmywaythroughtherestofthislife.”21.A.attracted B.frightened C.excited D.disappointed22.A.protect B.destroy C.escape D.miss23.A.severely B.slightly C.differently D.stupidly24.A.treat B.chance C.magic D.time25.A.refused B.promised C.desired D.pretended26.A.duty B.courage C.injury D.patience27.A.ignore B.accept C.continue D.explore28.A.sharing B.imagining C.hiding D.expecting29.A.buried B.stuck C.dull D.interested30A.story B.goal C.passion D.devotion31.A.survive B.experience C.witness D.follow32.A.pickup B.getover C.runafter D.passdown33.A.lacked B.offered C.gained D.faced34.A.warning B.reward C.reminder D.study35.A.surprise B.lesson C.enthusiasm D.inspiration【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.B31.A32.B33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Merda遭受了一只鱷魚的襲擊，雖然逃脫了，但是留下了嚴重感染的傷口，導致他手臂的很大一部分被截肢。但是他沒有放棄，而是鼓舞其他人克服恐懼，取得偉大的成就?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他驚恐地尖叫起來。A.attracted被吸引的；B.frightened害怕的；C.excited激動的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)上文“Merdawasenjoyingapeacefulafternoonbytheriverwhensuddenlyanalligatorattackedhim.(梅爾達正在河邊享受一個寧靜的下午，突然一只鱷魚襲擊了他)”可知，指他因為鱷魚襲擊而害怕尖叫。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一番激烈的搏斗，他終于從那只危險動物的口中逃脫了。A.protect保護；B.destroy破壞；C.escape逃走；D.miss錯過。根據(jù)上文“Afterafiercestruggle,hemanagedto”指他成功從那只危險動物的口中逃脫了，短語managetodosth.表示“設(shè)法做成某事”。故選C。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但他留下了嚴重感染的傷口，導致他手臂的很大一部分被截肢。A.severely嚴重地；B.slightly稍微；C.differently不同地；D.stupidly愚蠢地。根據(jù)后文“infectedwound,leadingtotheamputationofasignificantportionofhisarm”可知，手臂被截肢說明傷口感染嚴重。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于Merda來說，這是一個難以置信的挑戰(zhàn)時刻，無論是身體上還是情感上。A.treat款待；B.chance機會；C.magic魔法；D.time時間。根據(jù)上文“Thiswasanunbelievablychallenging”可知，Merda被截肢了，所以是面臨一個難以置信的挑戰(zhàn)時刻。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管遭遇了這些挫折，梅爾達還是拒絕屈服。A.refused拒絕；B.promised承諾；C.desired渴望；D.pretended假裝。根據(jù)后文“Hetriedtoreturntowork”可知，盡管遭遇了這些挫折，梅爾達還是拒絕屈服，他試圖重返工作崗位。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他試圖重返工作崗位，但很快就意識到傷勢所帶來的局限性。A.duty義務(wù)；B.courage勇氣；C.injury受傷；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)eadingtotheamputationofasignificantportionofhisarm”此處指截肢帶來了局限性。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他開始探索新的機會和謀生方式，同時分享他所學到的寶貴經(jīng)驗。A.ignore忽視；B.accept接受；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.explore探索。根據(jù)后文“newopportunitiesandwaystomakealiving”可知，他開始探索新的機會和謀生方式。故選D。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他開始探索新的機會和謀生方式，同時分享他所學到的寶貴經(jīng)驗。A.sharing分享；B.imagining想象；C.hiding隱藏；D.expecting期待。根據(jù)后文“thevaluablelessonshehadlearned”指他分享他所學到的寶貴經(jīng)驗。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：梅爾達希望利用這段經(jīng)歷成為一名勵志演說家，幫助那些在生活中陷入困境的人，鼓勵他們永不放棄，勇敢前進。A.buried埋葬的；B.stuck困住的；C.dull枯燥的；D.interested感興趣的。根據(jù)后文“inlife,encouragingthemnevertogiveupandmoveforwardbravely”可知，需要鼓勵的是生活陷入困境的人。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的最終目標是激勵他人克服恐懼，實現(xiàn)夢想。A.story故事；B.goal目標；C.passion激情；D.devotion奉獻。根據(jù)后文“wastoinspireotherstoovercometheirfearsandrealizetheirdreams”可知，激勵他人克服恐懼，實現(xiàn)夢想是他的最終目標。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：梅爾達相信，如果他能在與鱷魚的戰(zhàn)斗中幸存下來，那么任何人都可以克服恐懼，取得偉大的成就。A.survive幸存；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.witness目擊；D.follow跟隨。根據(jù)后文“abattlewithanalligator”以及上文“Afterafiercestruggle,hemanagedto”可知，此處指他在與鱷魚的戰(zhàn)斗中幸存下來。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：梅爾達相信，如果他能在與鱷魚的戰(zhàn)斗中幸存下來，那么任何人都可以克服恐懼，取得偉大的成就。A.pickup撿起；B.getover克服；C.runafter追趕；D.passdown傳遞。根據(jù)后文“theirfearsandmakegreatachievements”指克服恐懼，取得偉大成就。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：梅爾達的故事迅速傳播開來，引起了全國媒體的關(guān)注。A.lacked缺少；B.offered主動提供；C.gained獲得；D.faced面對。根據(jù)上文“Merda’sstorywentviraland”可知，梅爾達的故事迅速傳播開來，因此獲得了全國媒體的關(guān)注。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它有力地提醒我們，決心和堅定的信念可以幫助我們克服各種困難。A.warning警告；B.reward獎勵；C.reminder提醒物；D.study學習。根據(jù)后文“determinationandstrongbeliefcanhelpusovercomeallkindsofdifficulties”以及上文it指的是梅爾達的故事，即，梅爾達的故事提醒我們，決心和堅定的信念可以幫助我們克服各種困難。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他鼓舞了許多人。A.surprise驚喜；B.lesson課程；C.enthusiasm熱情；D.inspiration鼓舞。根據(jù)上文提到，梅爾達的故事提醒我們，決心和堅定的信念可以幫助我們克服各種困難，說明他的故事鼓舞了很多人。故選D。第Ⅱ卷(滿分55分)第三部分英語知識運用(共