2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試《英語(yǔ)二》模擬真題一

2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試《英語(yǔ)二》模擬真題一材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-20題?Themoreparentst（江南博哥）alktotheirchildren,thefasterthosechildren'svocabulariesgrowandthebettertheirintelligencedevelops.In1995,BettyHartandToddRisleyoftheuniversityofKansasfoundaclose?1?betweenthenumberofwordsachild'sparentshavespokentohim?2?thetimehewasthreeandhis?3?successattheageofnine.Atthree,childrenbornintoprofessionalfamilieshad?4?30mmorewordsthanthosefromapoorerbackground.?Thisobservationhasprofound?5?forpoliciesaboutbabiesandtheirparents.Itsuggestedthatsendingchildrento"pre-school"(?6?orkindergartens)attheageoffour—afavored?7?amongpolicymakers—comestoolateto?8?foreducationalshortcomingsathome.?9?,understandingofhowchildren'svocabulariesdevelopisgrowing.?Oneofthemoststriking?10?camefromAnneFernald,whohasfoundthatthedifference?11?wellbeforeachildisthree.Evenatthe?12?ageof18months,whenmosttoddlersspeakonlyadozenwords,thosefrom?13?familiesareseveralmonthsbehindothermorefavoredchildren.?14?,Dr.Fernaldthinksthedifferentiationstartsatbirth.?She?15?howquicklytoddlersprocesslanguagebysittingthemontheirmother'slapsandshowingthemtwoimages:adogandaball.Arecordedvoicetellsthetoddlertolookattheballwhileacamerarecordshis?16?.ThisletsDr.Fernald?17?themomentthechild'sgazebegins?18?towardsthecorrectimage.At18months,toddlersfrom?19?backgroundscanidentifythecorrectobjectin750milliseconds—200millisecondsfasterthanthosefrompoorerfamilies;This,saysDr.Fernald,isa/an?20?difference.查看材料1.【完形填空】?第(1)題選A.conflictB.correlationC.gapD.difference正確答案：B參考解析：[A]conflict沖突[B]correlation關(guān)聯(lián)[C]gap間隙[D]difference差異【答題思路】根據(jù)前文可知：父母對(duì)孩子說的越多，這些孩子的詞匯增長(zhǎng)越快，智力發(fā)育越好。后文between（意為...與...之間）之后接了thenumberofwordsachild'sparentshavespokentohim（孩子的父母對(duì)他說的話的數(shù)量），由此可推斷被連接的二者之間有關(guān)聯(lián)，填選項(xiàng)[B]correlation最恰當(dāng)。【選項(xiàng)辨析】根據(jù)首句意義，只有選項(xiàng)[B]correlation填入與首句之間是承接，選項(xiàng)[A][C][D]填入空內(nèi)都與首句意義不協(xié)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)折。查看材料2.【完形填空】第(2)題選A.by

B.at

C.during

D.after正確答案：A參考解析：【答題思路】聯(lián)系上下文，首段最后一句提到：三歲時(shí)，出生在職業(yè)家庭的孩子比出身相比較差的孩子多聽到了3000萬個(gè)單詞。由此可推斷，前文BettyHartandToddRisley所說的發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子到三歲時(shí)父母對(duì)他所說的詞匯量與其九歲時(shí)的某種成功有關(guān)聯(lián)，是指到三歲之前這個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)父母輸入的詞匯量，而不僅僅指三歲這一年。故選選項(xiàng)[A]by?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[B]at與選項(xiàng)[C]during都僅僅指三歲這一年，與原文意義不符；選項(xiàng)[D]after指三歲之后，與后文句意不符，后文已經(jīng)指出三歲時(shí)兩種不同背景下的孩子所聽到的詞匯量差異。查看材料3.【完形填空】第(3)題選A.athletic

B.commercial

C.professional

D.academic正確答案：D參考解析：[A]athletic運(yùn)動(dòng)的[B]commercial商業(yè)的[C]professional職業(yè)的[D]academic學(xué)業(yè)的，學(xué)術(shù)的【答題思路】此處應(yīng)選擇孩子九歲時(shí)哪方面的成功與其到三歲時(shí)父母對(duì)其所說的詞匯數(shù)量緊密相連，根據(jù)上文所說父母對(duì)孩子所說的詞匯數(shù)量越多，孩子的詞匯量增長(zhǎng)越快，智力發(fā)展越好，可以得出父母對(duì)孩子說的詞匯數(shù)量應(yīng)該與孩子九歲時(shí)學(xué)業(yè)方面的成功有關(guān)。故選[D]academic?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A][B][C]與前文意思不搭；針對(duì)選項(xiàng)[C]professional，后文雖然有提到professionalfamily進(jìn)行干擾，看似有一點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)，實(shí)際上professionalsuccess偏向于指事業(yè)上的成功，不僅與前文的結(jié)論不相干，邏輯來看，九歲的孩子也不考慮事業(yè)的成功。查看材料4.【完形填空】第(4)題選A.learnedB.spokenC.heardD.mastered正確答案：C參考解析：[A]learned學(xué)習(xí)[B]spoken說[C]heard聽到[D]mastered精通【答題思路】根據(jù)前文第一句、第二句，都強(qiáng)調(diào)了父母對(duì)孩子多說（文中第一句使用了talk，第二句使用了spoken來強(qiáng)調(diào)）的重要性，由此可推斷是孩子聽到的詞匯，故選[C]heard?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】首先，前文強(qiáng)調(diào)了父母說的重要性，從邏輯上應(yīng)該選擇[C]heard聽，排除了不符合原意的[B]spoken說；其次，文中30mmorewords（超過三千萬單詞），從邏輯上來看，三歲的孩子[A]learned學(xué)習(xí)或者[D]mastered精通超過三千萬單詞是幾乎不可能的。故排除選項(xiàng)[A][D]。查看材料5.【完形填空】第(5)題選A.implicationsB.manipulationsC.supervisionsD.requirements正確答案：A參考解析：[A]implications含義；暗示；（可能的）影響[B]manipulations操縱，處理[C]supervisions監(jiān)督[D]requirements要求【答題思路】profound意為深刻的、深遠(yuǎn)的。本句句意為：這一觀察結(jié)果對(duì)有關(guān)嬰兒及其父母的政策具有深遠(yuǎn)的含義。故選[A]implications?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】根據(jù)前后文可以得知，這一觀察結(jié)果對(duì)有關(guān)嬰兒及其父母的政策具有深遠(yuǎn)的含義，原本決策者支持的政策是在孩子四歲時(shí)將其送往幼兒園（而上文提到孩子三歲前這個(gè)階段也非常重要），然而觀察結(jié)果表明，四歲送孩子去上幼兒園對(duì)于彌補(bǔ)家庭教育的短板來說，太過于遲了。選項(xiàng)[A]implications最符合題意，這個(gè)結(jié)果對(duì)決策起暗示作用同時(shí)帶來了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。其余選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，并且后文并未提及政策已經(jīng)改變，不存在觀察結(jié)果操縱了這一政策。查看材料6.【完形填空】第(6)題選A.collegesB.museumsC.gymsD.nurseries正確答案：D參考解析：[A]colleges學(xué)院[B]museums博物館[C]gyms體育館[D]nurseries托兒所【答題思路】原文括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容是“pre-school”的近義詞“kindergarten”，由此可得另一個(gè)詞也是“pre-school”的近義詞。故選[D]nurseries。查看材料7.【完形填空】第(7)題選A.stepB.reflectionC.threatD.illusion正確答案：A參考解析：[A]step步驟，措施[B]reflection反映；反省[C]threat威脅[D]illusion錯(cuò)覺【答題思路】favored意為“被推薦的；被看好的”。根據(jù)前后文可以推斷，在孩子四歲時(shí)將其送往幼兒園，是一項(xiàng)在決策者中被推薦的“步驟、措施”。故選[A]。查看材料8.【完形填空】第(8)題選A.eliminate

B.compensate

C.evaluate

D.highlight正確答案：B參考解析：[A]eliminate清除[B]compensate彌補(bǔ)[C]evaluate評(píng)估[D]highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)【答題思路】根據(jù)前后文理解，此句意為“要彌補(bǔ)家庭教育的短板，四歲去學(xué)前班太晚”，故選擇選項(xiàng)[B]compensate“彌補(bǔ)”?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】孩子四歲后去幼兒園并不能起到選項(xiàng)[A]eliminate“清除”或[C]項(xiàng)evaluate“評(píng)估”家庭教育的短板的作用，并且此處的選項(xiàng)[A]eliminate不與shortcoming做搭配使用。選項(xiàng)[D]highlight“強(qiáng)調(diào)”，四歲之后去上幼兒園不可能是為了“強(qiáng)調(diào)”家庭教育的不足，排除選項(xiàng)[D]。查看材料9.【完形填空】第(9)題選A.WorriedlyB.ConsequentlyC.HappilyD.Unconsciously正確答案：C參考解析：[A]Worriedly擔(dān)心地[B]Consequently因此[C]Happily高興地；幸運(yùn)地[D]Unconsciously不知不覺地【答題思路】understanding在此處意為（對(duì)某學(xué)科、過程或情況的）了解，認(rèn)識(shí)。根據(jù)前文所述我們可以推斷，后文提到“針對(duì)兒童如何增加詞匯量的了解認(rèn)識(shí)越來越多”這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，是一個(gè)好的、積極的現(xiàn)象，故選[C]項(xiàng)Happily“高興地；幸運(yùn)地”?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]Worriedly“擔(dān)心地”與原文意義不符，排除[A]；選項(xiàng)[B]Consequently“因此”，前文說到在孩子四歲時(shí)送去幼兒園這項(xiàng)決策無法彌補(bǔ)家庭教育的短板，與后文針對(duì)兒童如何增加詞匯量的了解認(rèn)識(shí)越來越多這個(gè)現(xiàn)象并不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，排除[B]；選項(xiàng)[D]unconsciously“無意識(shí)地”，這些針對(duì)兒童如何增加詞匯量的了解認(rèn)識(shí)并不是無意識(shí)地發(fā)生的，排除[D]。查看材料10.【完形填空】第(10)題選A.revelationsB.conventionsC.dimensionsD.definition正確答案：A參考解析：[A]revelations被揭露的事實(shí)[B]conventions慣例[C]dimensions維度[D]definitions定義【答題思路】striking意為“驚人的”。根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容，文中陳述了AnneFernald發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)。故根據(jù)其發(fā)現(xiàn)選擇[A]選項(xiàng)revalations。【選項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[B]conventions“慣例”與選項(xiàng)[C]dimensions“維度”皆語(yǔ)義與原文不符，故排除；選項(xiàng)[D]definitions“定義”與后文內(nèi)容不搭，AnneFernald并沒有定下一個(gè)驚人的定義，故排除。查看材料11.【完形填空】第(11)題選A.transformsB.appearsC.terminatesD.survives正確答案：B參考解析：[A]transforms使變形[B]appears出現(xiàn)[C]terminates結(jié)束[D]survives存活【答題思路】原句大意為：（我們從）AnneFernald那里得到了一項(xiàng)驚人的事實(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)在孩子三歲之前這種差異就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。只有選項(xiàng)[B]appears“出現(xiàn)”符合句意，故選[B]?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]transforms“使變形”，通常指將A（徹底）轉(zhuǎn)化為B，后文并未提及此事實(shí)被轉(zhuǎn)化，故排除[A]；選項(xiàng)[C]terminates“結(jié)束”不符合原文意思。根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容，AnneFernald說這種差異甚至從出生就已經(jīng)存在（Dr.Fernaldthinksthedifferentiationstartsatbirth.），所以不可能在三歲時(shí)就“結(jié)束”，故排除[C]；選項(xiàng)[D]survives“存活”通常指（經(jīng)歷事故、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或疾病后）活下來，幸存，不符合單詞用法也不符合原文意思，故排除[D]。查看材料12.【完形填空】第(12)題選A.suitableB.juvenileC.tenderD.senior正確答案：C參考解析：[A]suitable合適的[B]juvenile青年的[C]tender年幼的[D]senior年長(zhǎng)的【答題思路】此句句意為：甚至在年幼如十八個(gè)月之時(shí)，當(dāng)大部分幼兒只能說十個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候，家庭背景相對(duì)不利的孩子就已經(jīng)落后（behind）家庭背景更好的孩子好幾個(gè)月了。句首用了Even“甚至”，聯(lián)系上下文，相比起三歲，十八個(gè)月肯定是更小的，故選[C]tender?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】此題考查詞匯積累，選項(xiàng)[A][B][D]均不符合題意。查看材料13.【完形填空】第(13)題選A.disadvantagedB.privilegedC.prominentD.immigrated正確答案：A參考解析：[A]disadvantaged弱勢(shì)的[B]privileged享有特權(quán)的[C]prominent杰出的[D]immigrated移民的【答題思路】原文中將兩種來自不同家庭背景的幼兒進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，來自前一種家庭背景的孩子落后于（behind）來自家庭背景更好（morefavored）的孩子，故此我們可以推斷前一種家庭背景是相對(duì)處于弱勢(shì)的，選擇[A]disadvantaged“弱勢(shì)的”符合原文大意?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】此題考查詞匯積累，選項(xiàng)[B][C][D]均不符合原文意思。查看材料14.【完形填空】第(14)題選A.OtherwiseB.IndeedC.ThereforeD.However正確答案：B參考解析：[A]Otherwise否則[B]Indeed（表示遞進(jìn)語(yǔ)氣）實(shí)際上[C]Therefore因此[D]However（表轉(zhuǎn)折）然而【答題思路】根據(jù)后文所述，Dr.Fernald認(rèn)為幼兒詞匯量的差異從出生就開始了。相對(duì)于上文提及的三歲和十八個(gè)月發(fā)現(xiàn)幼兒詞匯量的差異這些現(xiàn)象來說，從出生開始幼兒詞匯量就已經(jīng)有了差異這是一種遞進(jìn)。因此，應(yīng)選表遞進(jìn)的副詞，故選[B]項(xiàng)Indeed“(表示遞進(jìn)語(yǔ)氣)實(shí)際上”?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]Otherwise“否則”和選項(xiàng)[D]However“然而”都表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)[C]Therefore“因此”表因果關(guān)系，都不符合原文意義。查看材料15.【完形填空】第(15)題選A.sustainsB.suspects

C.measuresD.determines正確答案：C參考解析：[A]sustains維持[B]suspects懷疑[C]measures衡量[D]determines決定【答題思路】此句意為：她通過向坐在自己媽媽大腿上的孩子們展示狗和球的圖片，來衡量他們處理語(yǔ)言的速度。故我們可以推斷選[C]measures“衡量”。【選項(xiàng)辨析】此題考查詞匯積累。選項(xiàng)[A][B][D]均不符合題意，針對(duì)選項(xiàng)[D]determines“決定”，Dr.Fernald是無法決定孩子們處理語(yǔ)言的速度的。查看材料16.【完形填空】第(16)題選A.assessmentB.supervisionC.standpointD.reaction正確答案：D參考解析：[A]assessment評(píng)估[B]supervision監(jiān)督[C]standpoint立場(chǎng)[D]reaction反應(yīng)【答題思路】此句句意為：錄音讓孩子去看向球的那張圖片，同時(shí)讓攝像機(jī)記錄孩子的反應(yīng)。并且后文提到，孩子的目光（gaze）開始轉(zhuǎn)向正確的圖片。同時(shí)根據(jù)前文所述，Dr.Fernald用這種方法來衡量孩子對(duì)語(yǔ)言的處理速度。綜上，可以推測(cè)出她是據(jù)孩子的反應(yīng)來衡量的。選項(xiàng)[A][B][C]都不符合原文大意，選擇[D]reaction?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】除不符合原文大意以外，對(duì)于toddler（剛走路的兒童）來說，選項(xiàng)[A]評(píng)估與選項(xiàng)[B]監(jiān)督都是非常復(fù)雜的行為，不符合邏輯。查看材料17.【完形填空】第(17)題選A.displayB.stimulateC.noteD.approve正確答案：C參考解析：[A]display展示[B]stimulate刺激[C]note記錄[D]approve贊成【答題思路】主語(yǔ)“This”指的是Dr.Fernald用攝像機(jī)拍下來的孩子的反應(yīng)片段，這可以讓她“記錄下”孩子們目光開始轉(zhuǎn)向正確圖片的時(shí)刻。選項(xiàng)[C]note“記錄”符合原文大意。【選項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]display“展示”，注意原句中是ThisletsDr.Fernald...（這讓Dr.Fernald...），從句的主語(yǔ)是Dr.Fernald，從句的賓語(yǔ)是themoment，排除[A]選項(xiàng)。查看材料18.【完形填空】第(18)題選A.transferringB.shiftingC.restrictingD.distracting正確答案：B參考解析：[A]transferring轉(zhuǎn)移[B]shifting轉(zhuǎn)向[C]restricting限制[D]distracting分散【答題思路】此句意為：這可以讓Dr.Fernald記錄下孩子們目光開始轉(zhuǎn)向正確圖片的時(shí)刻。我們可推斷出選項(xiàng)[B]shifting正確。shift作“轉(zhuǎn)移”解時(shí)側(cè)重位置與方向的改變?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]transferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”，一般表示轉(zhuǎn)送或移交遷移，尤指交通運(yùn)輸中的換乘或職務(wù)的調(diào)動(dòng)等。不與gaze相搭配。選項(xiàng)[C][D]不符合原文大意。查看材料19.【完形填空】第(19)題選A.better-off

B.normal

C.typical

D.needy正確答案：A參考解析：[A]better-off較富裕的[B]normal普通的[C]typical典型的[D]needy貧困的【答題思路】根據(jù)文章第二段提及過的兩種不同家庭背景的孩子們的比較，一個(gè)是較強(qiáng)的家庭背景，一個(gè)是較弱的家庭背景。以及此處的backgrounds與后文相對(duì)較差的家庭（poorerfamilies）進(jìn)行對(duì)比，可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填入與poorer相對(duì)的詞，故選[A]better-off。【選項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[B]normal“普通的”和選項(xiàng)[C]typical“典型的”均不符合原文意思；選項(xiàng)[D]needy“貧困的”與原文中的poorer是近義詞，不作為對(duì)比。查看材料20.【完形填空】第(20)題選A.minorB.externalC.universalD.huge正確答案：D參考解析：[A]minor較小的[B]external外部的[C]universal普遍的[D]huge巨大的【答題思路】根據(jù)上下文理解，不同背景下的孩子們辨認(rèn)出正確物體的反應(yīng)時(shí)間差可達(dá)200毫秒，那么基于經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況良好家庭的孩子的反應(yīng)速度750毫秒，這200毫秒的差異應(yīng)屬于一個(gè)巨大的差距。故應(yīng)選[D]項(xiàng)huge“巨大的”。【選項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]minor“較小的”與原文意思相反，選項(xiàng)[B]external“外部的”與原文意思無關(guān)，均不符合原意；選項(xiàng)[C]universal“普遍的”，原文并未提及這是一種普遍的差距，故排除此選項(xiàng)。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題?Themostpowerfulfalse-newsweaponinhistoryisaroundthecorner.Iftechnologycontinuesitscurrentadvance,wemaysoonfacetotallyconvincingvideosshowingeventsthatneverhappened―createdsoeffectivelythatevenexpertswillhavetroubleprovingthey'refakes.?"Deepfake"videowillbeabletoshowpeoplesaying,withthereliableringoftheirownvoices,thingstheyneversaid.Itwillshowthemdoingthingstheyneverdid.Insomeways,deepfakevideosarenoworsethanrumorsorfalsenewsstories.Peoplewillbelieveandshareanythingtheyfindengagingorthatreinforcestheirbeliefs.?Butvideosaremoredangerousbecauseoftheauthoritythismediumhastakenoninsociety.Foryears,videohasbeentheultimateargument-settler.Onlinenewsoutletsroutinelyhyperlinkvideosintostoriestobuttressthecredibilityoftheirreporting.?Giventheexistingdangertotruththatdeepfakespresent,themediaindustrymustmakeitsowneffortstocounterthethreat―anditcanbeeffective,ifitactsquickly.Rightnow,wehaveawindowofopportunityinwhichmostfakevideosarefarfromperfect.Inmanycases,it'slaughablyobviousthattheimagesaremanipulated.Inothers,fakevideolooksconvincingtothenakedeye,buttechnicaltestscaneasilydemonstratethatit'safraud.Butthequalityoftechnologywealreadyseeinthebestscience-fictionandfantasymovies,aswellasthemostsophisticatedvideogames,showsuswhatwillinevitablybeavailableforbroaderexploitation―tofarmoreviciousends.?Thiswindowgivesusachancetosoundpublicalarmsaboutdeepfakes,promotebasictipsondetectingthemandimmunizeaudiencesagainstthebetterfakestocome.It'snotanimpossiblelift;thepubliciswellawareoffabricatedpicturesandfakenewsstories(evenif,unfortunately,theystillsharethem).Newscoverageofthedangersofdeepfakeswillfindareadyaudience.Newscompaniescanalsopublicizeanalyticssitesandbrowserextensionsthatcanalertviewerstovideofakery.?Unlessthedangersoffakevideoreceivebroadpublicattentionnow,thepublicwillbecaughtunawarewhentrulyconvincingfakesappear,perhapswithdisastrousresults.?Finally,inpublicizingthedangers,medianeedtoavoidatoneofhopelessness―"Soonwemayneverknowwhatisrealandwhatisn't."Qualitymediaoutletsneedtoemphasizehowcarefullytheyreviewvideo.Theyshouldmakesuretheirethicscodesandverificationproceduresadequatelyaddressthedangers.Otherwise,audienceswilldoubtanyvideo―includinglegitimateandimportantfootagethatmediaoutletsgatherintheirownbreaking-newscoverageandinvestigativework.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Falsenewsstoriesareworsethandeepfakevideos.B.Deepfakevideosmayacquirethecredibleappearance.C.Deepfakevideosalwayspresentthingsthathaveoccurred.D.Specialistscaneasilyidentifydeepfakevideos.正確答案：B參考解析：【答題思路】前三段大意為：歷史上最高效能的虛假新聞武器指日可待。如果技術(shù)按目前進(jìn)步速度的話，我們可能很快就會(huì)面臨具有絕對(duì)說服力的視頻來展示從未發(fā)生的事件——這些視頻制作得如此真實(shí)，甚至專家也難以證明他們是虛假的?！吧疃葌卧臁币曨l將能夠向人們展示用他們自己的聲音確鑿可信地說出他們從未說過的話，向他們展示他們從未做過的事情。在某些方面，深度偽造視頻比謠言或虛假新聞更糟糕。人們會(huì)相信并分享他們認(rèn)為有吸引力或強(qiáng)化他們所相信的觀點(diǎn)的任何東西。但由于這種媒介在社會(huì)中的權(quán)威性，它會(huì)更加危險(xiǎn)。多年來，視頻一直是爭(zhēng)論終結(jié)者。在線新聞媒體經(jīng)常將視頻超鏈接到事件中，以支撐其報(bào)道的可信度。由此我們可以推斷出選項(xiàng)[B]Deepfakevideosmayacquirethecredibleappearance.為正確選項(xiàng)。【選項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為假新聞比深度偽造視頻更嚴(yán)重。與原文第二段所說相悖；選項(xiàng)[B]意為深度偽造視頻可能披著真實(shí)可信的外皮；選項(xiàng)[C]意為深度偽造視頻總是呈現(xiàn)發(fā)生過的事情。與原文第二段所說相悖；選項(xiàng)[D]意為專家可以輕易分辨出深度偽造視頻。與原文第一段所說相悖。查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】Theword"buttress"(Line3,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.supportB.generateC.createD.undermine正確答案：A參考解析：【答題思路】此題考查詞匯的積累進(jìn)行同義替換。原文第三段意為：但由于這種媒介在社會(huì)中的權(quán)威性，它會(huì)更加危險(xiǎn)。多年來，視頻一直是爭(zhēng)論終結(jié)者。在線新聞媒體經(jīng)常將視頻超鏈接到事件中，以支撐其報(bào)道的可信度。根據(jù)上下文意思，我們可以推斷出，選項(xiàng)[A]support“支持”為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】buttress，v.支持。選項(xiàng)[A]意為支持；選項(xiàng)[B]意為產(chǎn)生，引起；選項(xiàng)[C]意為創(chuàng)造；選項(xiàng)[D]意為逐漸削弱。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph4,whatcanwelearnaboutdeepfakevideos?A.Themediaindustryneednottakethemseriouslyatpresent.B.Mostofthemarefarmoreperfectnow.C.Itishardlyeasytotellwhethertheyareartificial.D.Someofthemarepersuasiveatthefirstglance.正確答案：D參考解析：【答題思路】根據(jù)第四段第三、四句：Inmanycases,it'slaughablyobviousthattheimagesaremanipulated.Inothers,fakevideolooksconvincingtothenakedeye,buttechnicaltestscaneasilydemonstratethatit'safraud.（許多情況下，被操縱的畫面是非常明顯的。在其他情況下，假視頻雖然肉眼看起來令人信服，但技術(shù)檢驗(yàn)可以輕易證明它是欺詐。）我們可以推斷出，選項(xiàng)[D]Someofthemarepersuasiveatthefirstglance.（某些深度偽造視頻乍看之下很有說服力）為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)解析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為媒體行業(yè)目前不需要把深度偽造視頻當(dāng)回事。與第四段第一句Giventheexistingdangertotruththatdeepfakespresent,themediaindustrymustmakeitsowneffortstocounterthethreat.（鑒于對(duì)真相有著威脅的深度偽造視頻的存在，媒體行業(yè)必須做出自己的努力來應(yīng)付這種威脅。）相悖，排除選項(xiàng)[A]；選項(xiàng)[B]意為深度偽造視頻中的大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在都更加完美了。與第四段第二句wehaveawindowofopportunityinwhichmostfakevideosarefarfromperfect.（我們還有一扇機(jī)會(huì)的窗戶朝我們打開，那就是其中大多數(shù)的偽造視頻都遠(yuǎn)非完美。）相悖，排除選項(xiàng)[B]；選項(xiàng)[C]意為很難判斷深度偽造視頻是否是偽造的。與原文第四段第三、四句相悖。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseemstobe_______.A.carefreeB.pessimisticC.anxiousD.confuse正確答案：C參考解析：【答題思路】全文介紹了偽造視頻的背景及其危害，呼吁媒體和社會(huì)重視偽造視頻及其技術(shù)的發(fā)展，提前應(yīng)對(duì)，以免讓其造成嚴(yán)重的后果。整篇文章作者的情緒基調(diào)是焦慮的，故選項(xiàng)[C]anxious為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為無憂無慮的；選項(xiàng)[B]意為悲觀的；選項(xiàng)[C]意為焦慮的；選項(xiàng)[D]意為迷茫的。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePoliticalInfluenceofFakeVideosB.StrategiestoAddressFakeVideosC.LoomingThreatsofFakeVideosD.ThePrevailingDangersofFakeVideos正確答案：C參考解析：【答題思路】全文介紹了偽造視頻的背景及其危害，呼吁媒體和社會(huì)重視偽造視頻及其技術(shù)的發(fā)展，提前應(yīng)對(duì)，以免讓其造成嚴(yán)重的后果。故選項(xiàng)[C]LoomingThreatsofFakeVideos最貼合全文大意。【選項(xiàng)解析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為偽造視頻的政治影響。文中并未提及；選項(xiàng)[B]意為解決偽造視頻問題的策略。選項(xiàng)[B]是文中提到的一個(gè)局部細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；選項(xiàng)[C]意為迫近的偽造視頻威脅；選項(xiàng)[D]意為偽造視頻的主要危害。選項(xiàng)[D]是文中提到的一個(gè)局部細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題?Forcenturies,caneshaveservedblindandpartiallysightedpeoplewellbygivingthemameanstonegotiatetheworldaroundthem.Theonlyseriousupgradetheyhaveundergonedatesbackto1921,whenaBritoncalledJamesBiggs,whohadrecentlylosthissight,paintedhisowncanewhiteinordertomakeiteasilyvisibleandtoalertotherstothepresenceofsomeoneunabletoseenearbyobstacles.IntheopinionofDanielaRusoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),however,thewhitecanehashaditsday.Dr.Ruswouldliketoreplaceitwithasystemthatscansitsuser'senvironmentandcommunicatesbacktohimwhatitsees.?Dr.Rus'sdeviceconsistsofacamerawornonastringaroundtheneck,andabelt.Acomputerinsidethecameracreatesathree-dimensionalimageoftheareaaheadofthewearer,processesittoextractrelevantinformation,andusestheresultstopassonappropriatesignalsviathebelt.?Dr.Rusknewfrompreviousattemptstobuilddevicesofthissortthatwhatmightseemtheobviouswayofmanifestingthosesignals,namelyassoundswithspecificmeanings,wasnotagoodapproach.Blindpeopledependalotontheirhearinganddonotlikeitwhenstylishdeviceshamperthissensewithbeepsandclicks.Hencethebelt,whichhasfivevibratingmotorsinstalledinit.?Thatconfigurationpermitsthecomputertowarnawearerwhenheisonacollisioncoursewithanobstacle.Itdoessobytellingthemotorpointingmostcloselyinthedirectionoftheobstacletovibrate.Iftheweareriswalkingtowardsawall,forexample,thecentralmotorvibratessoftlywhenhecomeswithinacoupleofmetresofit.Ifheignoresthis,perhapsbecauseheactuallywantstoreachthewall,thecomputerincreasestheamplitudeasheclosesin,givinghimagoodideaofexactlyhowfarawayheis.Similarly,ifheisindangerofbumping,say,hisrightshoulderonadoorframewhilewalkingfromoneroomtoanother,theright-mostmotoronthebeltwillwarnhimoftheimpendingcollision.Anditworks.WhencomparedwithnavigationbywhitecaneinoneofMIT’sfamouslycrowdedhallways,itreducedblindstudents’collisionswithothersby86%.?Thenewsystemcandomorethanjusthelpsomeonewalkaroundwithoutcollisions,forthebeltincorporatesatouchpadthatisinscribedwithinstructionsinBraille.Thispermitstheusertoprogramittoperformspecifictasks.?Forexample,Dr.Rusknewthatblindstudentsoftenstruggletofindanemptyseatinacrowdedlecturetheatre.Addinganappropriatealgorithmtothecomputer'ssoftwarehelpsgetaroundthisbyenablingittorecognizechairs,andalsowhetherornotachairisoccupied.?Whetheracameraandabeltcouldreplaceacanecompletelyremainstobeseen.Inparticular,Dr.Rus'ssystemdoeslackoneimportantfeatureofBiggs'sinnovation.Awhitecanenotonlyhelpsablindpersontonavigate,italsosignalshisconditiontotherestoftheworld,allowingotherstoadjusttheirbehavioraccordingly.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】WhydidJamesBiggspainthiscanewhite?A.Becauseithadastrikingandalarmingeffect.B.Becauseitcanreflecttheenvironmenttoitsuser.C.Becauseitcanbeusedtonegotiatetheworldaroudthem.D.Becausethewhitecanehashaditsday.正確答案：A參考解析：【答題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至原文第一段，原文中提及（JamesBiggs）paintedhisowncanewhiteinordertomakeiteasilyvisibleandtoalertotherstothepresenceofsomeoneunabletoseenearbyobstacles.（JamesBiggs把自己的拐杖漆成了白色以讓它變得更醒目，來提醒別人這里有一個(gè)看不到障礙物的人。）我們可以得知選項(xiàng)[A]Becauseithadastrikingandalarmingeffect.（因?yàn)樗墚a(chǎn)生醒目和提醒的效果。）與原文意思相符，為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為因?yàn)樗墚a(chǎn)生醒目和提醒的效果；選項(xiàng)[B]意為因?yàn)樗梢韵蚴褂谜叻答佒車h(huán)境。根據(jù)原文首段最后一句話Dr.Ruswouldliketoreplaceitwithasystemthatscansitsuser'senvironmentandcommunicatesbacktohimwhatitsees.（Dr.Rus想用一套新設(shè)備取代它。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以掃描用戶所在環(huán)境，并把所見反饋給用戶。）我們可以知道，原文所說的能向使用者反饋周圍環(huán)境的并非是拐杖而是新設(shè)備，并且這也并不是JamesBiggs將他的拐杖漆成白色的原因。選項(xiàng)[C]意為因?yàn)樗梢杂脕硖剿魉麄冎車氖澜?。第一段首句確實(shí)提到caneshaveservedblindandpartiallysightedpeoplewellbygivingthemameanstonegotiatetheworldaroundthem.（拐杖很好地服務(wù)了盲人和弱視者，給了他們探索周圍世界的途徑。）但這與題干所問JamesBiggs將他的拐杖漆成白色的原因不符。選項(xiàng)[D]意為因?yàn)榘咨终纫呀?jīng)過時(shí)了。haveone’sday:走運(yùn)，正在得意的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)[D]在原文中是Dr.Rus的觀點(diǎn)，其觀點(diǎn)與題干所問JamesBiggs將他的拐杖漆成白色的原因不符。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】WhathasDr.Ruslearnedfrompreviousattempts?A.Blindpeopledependontheirdevicestoagreatextent.B.Thesoundscanalertwearerswhenobstaclesareencountered.C.Thesoundtoexpresssignalsinterfereswiththeuser'shearing.D.It'sagoodapproachtoaddsoundstodevices.正確答案：C參考解析：【答題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段，大意為：從過往開發(fā)這類設(shè)備的嘗試中，Dr.Rus已經(jīng)明白了一點(diǎn)：呈現(xiàn)這類信號(hào)的一個(gè)似乎顯而易見的方式——表達(dá)特定含義的聲音——實(shí)際上不是一個(gè)好辦法。盲人非常依賴（dependaloton）聽覺，不喜歡新奇設(shè)備發(fā)出的嗶嗶聲和滴滴聲干擾（hamper）這一知覺。所以她設(shè)計(jì)了腰帶，上面裝有五臺(tái)震動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。故此我們可以推斷，選項(xiàng)[C]Thesoundtoexpresssignalsinterfereswiththeuser'shearing.（傳達(dá)信號(hào)的聲音干擾使用者的聽覺）為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為盲人在很大程度上依賴于他們的設(shè)備。選項(xiàng)[A]與原文相悖；選項(xiàng)[B]意為當(dāng)遇到障礙時(shí)，這些聲音可以提醒佩戴者。原文中提及這些聲音會(huì)干擾佩戴者，選項(xiàng)[B]與原文相悖；選項(xiàng)[C]意為傳達(dá)信號(hào)的聲音干擾使用者的聽覺；選項(xiàng)[D]意為這是一個(gè)向設(shè)備添加聲音的好方法。原文第三段提及這并不是一個(gè)好方法，選項(xiàng)[D]與原文相悖。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】Comparedwithwhitecane,Dr.Rus'sdevicecanreducethecollisionrateby_______.A.aparticularprofessionB.avibratingdeviceC.athree-dimensionalimageD.soundswithspecificmeanings正確答案：B參考解析：【答題思路】根據(jù)題干我們可以定位至原文第四段。其大意為：這種設(shè)置使得計(jì)算機(jī)可以在用戶快要撞到障礙物時(shí)發(fā)出警告。計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)讓距離障礙物最近的電動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)起來。比如，假如用戶正走向一面墻，在距離兩三米遠(yuǎn)時(shí)中央電動(dòng)機(jī)就會(huì)開始輕微震動(dòng)，如果他不為所動(dòng)繼續(xù)向前——也許是因?yàn)樗緛砭褪窍胱叩綁叀?jì)算機(jī)會(huì)逐漸增加那臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)幅度，讓他能清楚了解到自己離墻還有多遠(yuǎn)。同樣，假如他從一個(gè)房間走向另一個(gè)房間時(shí)右肩可能要撞上門框，那么腰帶上最右邊的那臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)就會(huì)對(duì)他發(fā)出警告。這還真管用——在麻省理工學(xué)院某條出了名擁擠的走廊里，和使用導(dǎo)盲杖相比，這套設(shè)備讓盲人學(xué)生撞到其他人的次數(shù)減少了86%。故此我們可以得知，選項(xiàng)[B]avibratingdevice（振動(dòng)裝置）為正確選項(xiàng)。查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】TheexampleinParagraph6isusedtoillustratethat_______.A.Dr.Rus'snewdeviceswillcompletelyreplacecanesB.Dr.Rus'snewsystemhelpsuserswalkaroundwithoutcollisionsC.Dr.Rus'snewsystemcanguidedirectionsandperformspecifictasksD.thebeltswarnawearerwhenheisonacollisioncoursewithanobstacle正確答案：C參考解析：【答題思路】題干詢問原文第六段舉的例子是為了說明下列哪一項(xiàng)。原文第五、六段大意為：不過，這套新系統(tǒng)能做的不僅僅是讓盲人走路時(shí)避免碰撞。腰帶上還嵌有一塊觸控板，上面刻有盲文指令。這讓用戶還可以給這塊觸控板編程來執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。例如，Dr.Rus知道盲人學(xué)生常常很難在擁擠的階梯教室里找到座位。在計(jì)算機(jī)的軟件里加入恰當(dāng)?shù)乃惴?，讓它能夠識(shí)別座位并確定座位上是否有人，就可以解決這個(gè)問題。由此我們可以推斷出，第六段舉的例子是為了說明選項(xiàng)[C]Dr.Rus'snewsystemcanguidedirectionsandperformspecifictasks.（Dr.Rus的新系統(tǒng)可以指引方向并執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)）?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為Dr.Rus的新設(shè)備將完全取代拐杖。選項(xiàng)描述太過絕對(duì)，最后一段第一句提到Whetheracameraandabeltcouldreplaceacanecompletelyremainstobeseen.（攝像機(jī)和腰帶的組合能否完全取代拐杖還有待觀察），選項(xiàng)[A]與原文和題干所問皆不符；選項(xiàng)[B]意為Dr.Rus的新系統(tǒng)可以幫助用戶毫無碰撞地行走。此項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，第五段提及這套新系統(tǒng)能做的不僅僅是讓盲人走路時(shí)避免碰撞，用戶還可以給這塊觸控板編程來執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。第六段所舉的例子是為了印證第五段后半句，選項(xiàng)[B]與題干所問不符；選項(xiàng)[C]意為Dr.Rus的新系統(tǒng)可以指引方向并執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)；選項(xiàng)[D]意為當(dāng)佩戴者在有障礙物的情景可能發(fā)生碰撞時(shí)，安全帶會(huì)發(fā)出警告。與題干所問不符。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutDr.Rus'ssystem?A.Ithasbeenupgradedin1921.B.Itcompletelyimitatesthedesignofwhitecanes.C.Itneedsfurtherimprovement.D.ItisslightlyinferiortoJamesBiggs'sinvention.正確答案：C參考解析：【答題思路】原文最后一段大意為：攝像機(jī)和腰帶的組合能否完全取代導(dǎo)盲杖還有待觀察。特別是Dr.Rus的系統(tǒng)缺少了Biggs發(fā)明的一項(xiàng)重要功能。白色的手杖不僅僅能幫助盲人行路，也向其他所有人表明了其主人的狀況，讓他們可以相應(yīng)地調(diào)整自己的行為。根據(jù)最后一段我們可以推斷出，Dr.Rus的發(fā)明還有許多不足之處有待改進(jìn)。故選項(xiàng)[C]Itneedsfurtherimprovement.正確?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為它在1921年升級(jí)了。原文中第一段提到，拐杖在1921年由JamesBiggs升級(jí)為白色，而并非Dr.Rus的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)[A]與原文不符；選項(xiàng)[B]意為它完全模仿了白色拐杖的設(shè)計(jì)。原文并未提及，并且在原文最后一段提到，它缺少了白色拐杖的一項(xiàng)重要功能：向其他所有人表明了其主人的狀況。選項(xiàng)[B]與原文不符；選項(xiàng)[C]意為它還需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)[D]意為它略遜于JamesBiggs的發(fā)明。原文最后一段呈現(xiàn)出二者互相有其自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而并對(duì)二者的好壞下結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)[D]未提及。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題?Sciencetellsusthatanimal-humaninteractionislikelybehindtheglobalCOVID-19pandemicwiththevirusmostprobablyenteringthehumanpopulationthroughinteractionwithbats.Whilebanningtheglobalwildlifetradeisoneobviouspreventivestepthatcouldbetaken,itisnotenough.Weneedamoreholisticapproach.Tostopfuturepandemics,wemustreimagineourrelationshiptotheenvironmentandtheinequitiesthatdriveitsdestruction.?AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram,amongthemaindriversoftheincreasedvirus“spillover”intothehumanpopulationaredeforestation,intensivefarmingandclimatechange.Anumberofstudieshavefoundthattheglobalapproachtotheproductionofgoods―includingkeyagriculturalproductslikebeef,palmoil,coffeeandcocoa―facilitatesgreaterresourcedepletioninpoorercountriesthaninrichnations.?Thisleadstodeforestationandbiodiversityloss―keydriversofcross-speciesdiseasetransmission.TheregionsoftheGlobalSouththatproducetheseproducts―Sub-SaharanAfrica,SoutheastAsiaandLatinAmerica―tendtonotbeconsumersthemselves;forexample,inmostcoffee-andcocoa-producingnations,wellover95percentofcoffeeandcocoaisexportedtotheGlobalNorth,mostlyNorthAmericaandEurope.?Thesepatternsalsomirrorclimatechangedynamics:poornationstendtosufferthemostharmfuleffectsofclimatechangedespitethefactthatdevelopednationshavethemostresponsibilityforglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandgenerationofotherharmfulpollutants.Thereisalreadyclearevidenceoftheimpactofclimatechangeonmosquito-bornediseases.Evenverysmallincreasesintemperaturearecurrentlyfacilitatingthespreadofmosquitoestonewareaswherepeoplelackimmunitytothediseasestheycarry.Erodedenvironmentsinlessdevelopednationstendtoloselargepredatoryanimalsfirst.Leftbehindarebats,ratsandmosquitoes,theveryspeciesthatusuallytransmitzoonoticdiseasestopeople.Lossofnaturalresourcescompoundsthisproblemasthesespeciescompeteforfewerresources.Astheyexpandtheirterritoryinsearchoffoodandplacestoreproduce,theseanimalsareforcedintomorepopulatedareasandcomeintoincreasinglyclosercontactwithhumans.?Itistimetoconnectthedots.GlobalinfectiousdiseasepandemicslikeCOVID-19andothersaretheindirectresultofaglobaleconomicorderthatdependsonunequalaccesstopowerandresources.Whiletheenvironmentalharmislocalizedandthusoutofsightformostconsumers,theconsequencesarenot.Theyarefar-reachingand,aswenowknow,potentiallydeadly.?Thecurrentcoronaviruscrisisprovidesuswiththeuniqueandnecessaryopportunitytoreimagineandrestructureourrelationshipwiththeenvironment.Internationalpolicyanddevelopmentinitiativesmustprioritizehealthandenvironmentalwell-being.Creatingsustainableandeffectiveinterventionsrequiresarecognitionofthelargercausesunderlyingglobalenvironmentaldegradationandofthegeopoliticaldynamicsthatmakeeconomicgrowthahigherprioritythanthehealthofhumansandthenaturalworld.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatA.environmentaldamagecausedbywildlifetradehasledtoepidemicsB.imaginationoftheenvironmentshouldbecomprehensiveC.banningglobalwildlifetradecannottotallystopfutureepidemicsD.animal-humaninteractionshouldbeprohibitedimmediately正確答案：C參考解析：本文節(jié)選自ScientificAmerican:ToPreventtheNextPandemic,EndUnequalAccesstoNaturalResources.【答題思路】題干所問我們可以定位至原文第一段，原文Whilebanningtheglobalwildlifetradeisoneobviouspreventivestepthatcouldbetaken,itisnotenough.（盡管禁止全球野生動(dòng)物貿(mào)易顯然是一項(xiàng)可行的預(yù)防措施，但這還不夠。）與選項(xiàng)[C]banningglobalwildlifetradecannotstopfutureepidemics（禁止全球野生動(dòng)物的貿(mào)易并不能完全阻止將來的流行?。┫嗪魬?yīng)，為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】原文第一段大意為：科學(xué)告訴我們，動(dòng)物與人類的相互作用很可能是全球冠狀病毒疾病大流行的幕后推手，病毒最有可能通過人類與蝙蝠的互動(dòng)進(jìn)入人類群體。盡管禁止全球野生動(dòng)物貿(mào)易顯然是一項(xiàng)可行的預(yù)防措施，但這還不夠。我們需要更全面的方法。為了制止未來的流行病，我們必須重新構(gòu)想我們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系以及造成其破壞的不平等現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)[A]意為野生動(dòng)物貿(mào)易造成的環(huán)境傷害導(dǎo)致了流行病。混淆了原文大意，文中并未提及[A]的結(jié)論，故排除。選項(xiàng)[B]意為對(duì)環(huán)境的構(gòu)想應(yīng)該更為全面。原文所指為重新構(gòu)想我們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系（reimagineourrelationshiptotheenvironment）而非對(duì)環(huán)境本身的構(gòu)想，且原文提及的Weneedamoreholistic（全面的）approach.也與選項(xiàng)[B]不相符，根據(jù)這一句話的前一句可知，這里的amoreholistic（全面的）approach所指是更全面的預(yù)防未來流行病的措施并非是對(duì)環(huán)境的構(gòu)想。選項(xiàng)[B]與原文不符；選項(xiàng)[D]意為應(yīng)立即禁止人與動(dòng)物之間的互動(dòng)，原文中并未提及。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingdirectlycontributestothespreadofcross-speciesdisease?A.Theexhaustionofresources.B.Thedecreaseofbiodiversity.C.Theinfluenceofclimatechange.D.Thegapofpositionamongnations.正確答案：B參考解析：【答題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“cross-species”定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)原文所提到“這導(dǎo)致了濫伐森林和物種多樣性的減少——跨物種疾病傳播的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素”（Thisleadstodeforestationandbiodiversityloss―keydriversofcross-speciesdiseasetransmission.），破折號(hào)是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋，也就是說濫伐林和物種多樣性減少是跨物種疾病傳播的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，選項(xiàng)[B]Thedecreaseofbiodiversity.（生物多樣性的減少）與原文意思相符，為正確選項(xiàng)?！具x項(xiàng)辨析】選項(xiàng)[A]意為資源的枯竭。選項(xiàng)[B]意為生物多樣性的減少。選項(xiàng)[C]意為氣候變化的影響。選項(xiàng)[D]意為各個(gè)國(guó)家之間的地位差距。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】According