語(yǔ)言練習(xí)冊(cè)二章及答案

第二章：轉(zhuǎn)折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,select第二章：轉(zhuǎn)折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1. .Unfortunately,alternativescenariosdonothingtochangethecoldB.C.要是他父母沒(méi)那么固執(zhí)己見，這個(gè)孩子的命運(yùn)本并不需要這么慘。因?yàn)樗母改腹虉?zhí)己見，這個(gè)孩子的命運(yùn)十分慘淡。這個(gè)孩子的命運(yùn)多舛，純粹是因?yàn)楦改腹虉?zhí)己見翻譯 2.Inthissinglevolume,Kennyaimstosurveyforthegeneralreaderallofancientphilosophy.Understandably,spaceinsuchabookisatapremium,andheisnottobefaultedforminor .Asitis,newcomerstothesubjectwillhavesenseoftheafterlifeenjoyedbyancientphilosophyintheperiod1600-B.鑒于此，雖 沒(méi)能展現(xiàn)出古代哲學(xué)對(duì)其之后哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的影響，這是無(wú)可厚非的。然而，要是Kenny能更有效的展現(xiàn)出古代哲學(xué)對(duì)其之后哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的影響的話他本可以大提高這書的價(jià)值C.雖然Kenny沒(méi)能有效展現(xiàn)出古代哲學(xué)對(duì)其之后哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的影響，但這不能抵消掉這本書的巨大價(jià)值。翻譯 TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.HistorianF.W.Maitlandobservedthatlegaldocumentsarethebest—indeed,oftentheonly—availableevidenceabouttheeconomicandsocialhistoryofagivenperiod.Why,then,hasittakensolongforhistorianstofocussystematicallyonthecivil(noncriminal)lawofearlymodern(sixteenth-toeighteenth-century)England?Maitlandofferedonereason:thesubjectrequiresresearchersto“masteranextremelyformalsystemofpleadingandprocedure.”YetthecomplexitiesthatconfrontthosewhowouldstudysuchmaterialsarenotwhollydifferentfromthoserecentlysurmountedbyhistorianscriminallawinEnglandduringthesameHistorianshadneglectedthecivillawofearlymodernEnglandforalongMaitlandbelievedthatthereasonforhistorians’lackoffocusonthecivillawofearlymodernEnglandwasthecomplexityofthesubject.Historianshadfocusedsystematicallyonthestudyofcriminallawofearlymodern2.Anotherpossibleexplanationforhistorians’neglectofthesubjectistheirwidespreadassumptionmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivillaw.Ifthatwereso,thehistoryoflegalmatterswouldbeoflittlerelevancetogeneralmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivillaw.Ifthatwereso,thehistoryoflegalmatterswouldbeoflittlerelevancetogeneralhistoricalscholarship.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatcivillitigationduringtheperiodinvolvedartisans,merchants,professionals,shopkeepers,andandnotmerelyanarrow,propertied,maleRecentresearchsuggeststhatalotofpeoplehadcontactwithcivilRecentresearchsuggeststhathistoriansdidnotassumethatearlymodernEnglishpeoplegenerallydidnothaveintensecontactwithcivillaw.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthereasonforhistorians’neglectofthesubjectisnottheirthatmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivilTaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–TranslateeachsentenceintoEnglishusingthesuggestedwordsand1.你只要翻開一本中學(xué)歷史教科書就很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)人性的善與惡從人類文明誕生之初起就幾乎沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)什么變化。(haveonlyto…2.隨意踏上一輛地鐵列車，你就很容易注意到形形色色的人群，什么年齡性別種族膚色都不重要，所有人都低頭盯著手機(jī)，就好像周圍人都完全不存在似的。(ha onlyto…TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.ThisisnottodenythattheBlackgospelmusicoftheearlytwentiethcenturydifferedinwaysfromtheslavespirituals.Nevertheless,improvisationremainedcentraltogospelImprovisationiscentraltoslaveGospelmusicandslavespiritualssharethingsinGospelmusicandslavespiritualsaremoredifferentthantheyareTaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyouPassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.Themovieusesadocumentaryapproachinportraying1.Themovieusesadocumentaryapproachinportrayingthefamoussit-downstrike. .InpracticeitscharactersareheavilyfictionalizedandfallintofamiliarHollywoodB.C.至少它的制片人是這么想的。至少它的制片人不是這么想的。它的制片人也這么認(rèn)為。翻譯 TaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitsandphrasesasyouPassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.Animalslivelongerwhentheircalorieintakeisrestrictedtotwo-thirdsofwhatisconsiderednormalfortheirspecies.Thisphenomenonwaslongattributedtoasimpleslowingofmetabolism.Infact,however,calorierestrictiondoesnotslowmammalianPeopleusedtobelievethattheslowingofmetabolismcouldbeapositiveinfluenceonanimals’heaPeopleusedtobelievethatreductionofcalorieintakecouldreducetherateofAsitturnsout,animalsdonotnecessarilylivelongerwhentheircalorieintakeisrestrictedtotwo-thirdsofwhatisnormal.TaskII–ReferTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseitwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappearredderthantheyreallyIfthefaintingofsupernovawereindeedcausedbycosmicdust,thesupernovawouldhaveappearedredderthantheyreallyare.Sincethesupernovadonotappearredderthantheyreallyare,cosmicdustisnotscreeningoutitssufficientlyenoughtomakeitlookSincethesupernovaappearredderthantheyreallyare,cosmicdustisnotthekeytounderstandingthedimmingofthesupernova.2.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseunlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutthedustwouldintroducelargevariationsintheIfthecosmicdustisspreadsmoothlythroughoutspace,itmayindeedintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurement.Ifthecosmicdustisspreadsmoothlythroughoutspace,thecosmicdustmayindeedbescreeningoutsomeofthesupernova’slight.Scientistsruledoutthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelightbasedonthelargevariationsinthe3.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight.Anotherpossibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirtgalaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoftenitcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,thatthiseffectimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasGravitationallensingcouldpossiblydimcertainGravitationallensingisnotthereasonwhythestudiedsupernovaappeardimmerthanexpected,becauseitseffectisnotsignificantenoughforsupernovasthisnear.GravitationallensingisnotthereasonwhythestudiedsupernovaappeardimmerthanexpectedisititactuallybrightensthesupernovainTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)第二章：轉(zhuǎn)折PassageTaskI–For第二章：轉(zhuǎn)折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.A.Thechild’sfateneednothavebeensomiserable,hadhisparentswerelessstubbornin2.B.However,Kennywouldhaveaddedsignificantlytohisbook’svaluehadhemoresignaledtheinfluenceofancientphilosophyonthesubsequentTaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.2.TaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleLegaldocumentsaresurelyabestapproachtohistoricstudy;however,historiansonlyrecentlybeganinvestigatingcivillawoftheearlymodernEngland.HistorianMaitlandresortedtothecomplexityofcivillawstudytoaccountforthisapparentcontradiction.Unfortunately,thisexplanationisafailurebecausecriminallaw,anequallydauntingtask,hasalwaysbeenthecenterofhistorians’attention.AmoreprobablepossibilityisthathistorianshavewronglyassumedthatpeopleoftheearlymodernEnglanddidnotengagewithcivillitigationintheirnormallife.Asitturnedout,suchengagementwasquitewidespread.Unfortunately,sincehistoriansgenerallyfailedtoseethiscloseconnectionbetweenordinarypeopleandcivillitigation,theirneglectofthesubjectwasquitePassageTaskI–TranslateeachsentenceintoEnglishusingthesuggestedwordsand1.Onehasonlytoopenahighschoolhistorybooktoknowthathumanity,itsvirtueandvice,hasremainedconstanteversincethefirsthumancivilizationwas2.Onehasonlytostep2.Onehasonlytostepontoasubwaytraintoobserveallkindsofpeople,regardlessoftheirrace,skincolorandage,allwithacellphoneintheirhands,facingdownwardatthescreenforsolongasifnobodyelsearoundthemexisted.TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.TaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleBlackgospelmusicandslavespiritualsspringfromthesametradition.Tobesure,thetwodivergeinimportantways,gospelmusicbeingspreadbyprofessionalswhileslavespiritualsbeingcompletelyfolkgenerated.Thatbeingsaid,gospelmusic,justlikeslavespirituals,holdsimprovisationasitskeyelement.Itsrejectionofoverdependenceonmusicalscore,itsadoptionofjazz’sheadarrangement,itswayofpublishingallattesttosuchanemphasisonPassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.A.AtleastsomaintainsitsTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleWhereasTocquevilleholdsthatJacksonianAmericawasafluidandegalitariansocietywherepeople’sclasscanalter,E.Pessenarguesotherwisethatitsveryrichprovidesacounterpointtothissanguineoutlook.Whilethereisnodenyingthathisampleevidenceofanextraordinarilywealthysocialclasswasirrefutableonitsown,itfailstoserveassufficienttestimonytothepurportedlypervasiveandlastinginequalityduringJacksonianPassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitsandphrasesasyouSampleandphrasesasyouSampleResearchershavealwaysbelievedthatMarsneverexperiencedwetandwarmclimatebasedontheapparentlackofweatheredmaterialonMartiansurface.TheconclusionreliesontheassumptionthatwaterwouldsurelyhaveweatheredthesurfaceandasaconsequencewouldhavecreatedhydratedAsitturnsout,theoldbeliefwassimplyaresultofsufficientlyaccurateobservation.RecentwithimprovedtechnologyhassuccessfullyrevealedplentyofweatheredmaterialonMartiansurfaceandconsequentlyputtheearlierbeliefintoquestion.PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleSomearchaeologistsassumethatpeoplefirstsettledintheAmericasbetween40,000to25,000yearsago.Renderingtheassumptiondubiousisthelackofhabitationsitesdiscoveredofthatperiod.InsharpcontrastisthatinAustralia,wherethelandarea,thepopulationdensityandaridityallworkagainstdiscoveringthesesites,archaeologistshavesuccessfullyexcavatedtheneededevidence,therebycorroboratingtheclaimthatthelandwascolonized40,000yearsago.Toexplainawaythiscontrast,archaeologistscouldintheoryattributeAmericas’lackofsitestopostglacialsealevelrise,whichcouldhavesubmergedcoastalevidence.Unfortunately,thesameproblemwouldalsoexistforAustralia,andyetitclearlydidnoteliminateallevidence.IfthearchaeologistscouldshowthattheAustralianslivedinhinterlandwhereastheAmericansresidedmainlyincoastalregionsandhencesufferedheavierfromtheglobalsealevelelevation,thentheirpurportedtimeframecouldstillobtain.Unfortunatelyagain,giventhevastamountofresource-richriversleadinginlandinAmerica,thepossibilityofAmericanscompletelyconfinedalongthecoastsseemsclosetozero.Alloftheabovereasoningcouldthereforeleadtotheexpectationthat,everythingbeingequal,habitationsitesshouldmorelikelyappearintheAmericasthaninAustralia.Sincenosuchsitesisyetfound,itishighlylikelythatthearchaeologists’assumptionisPassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleTheYoungerDryaswaslongbelievedtohaveresultedfromthereleaseofwaterfromGlacialLakeAgassiz.However,recentlyitturnedoutthatthereleasetookplacelongaftertheYoungerDryas.Inaddition,thoughthereleasecouldhaveinfluencedtemperaturechange,thescalewouldnothavebeensufficienttoTheYoungerDryaswaslongbelievedtohaveresultedfromthereleaseofwaterfromGlacialLakeAgassiz.However,recentlyitturnedoutthatthereleasetookplacelongaftertheYoungerDryas.Inaddition,thoughthereleasecouldhaveinfluencedtemperaturechange,thescalewouldnothavebeensufficienttoaccountforthevastchangetakingplaceduringYoungerDryas.BothpiecesofinformationwouldconsequentlymeanthatthiswidelyacceptedtheoryisactuallyquitePassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.TaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshoul