河南省信陽某校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省信陽某校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatarethespeakersgoingtodoonSaturday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Gotothecinema.C.Playcomputergames.2.Whenwillthetrainprobablyleave?A.At10:00.B.At10:30.C.At10:45.3.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?A.Excited.B.Unhappy.C.Surprised.4.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?A.He’sgettingmarried.B.Hebecomesadoctor.C.He’sjustbecomeafather.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asaying.B.Agame.C.Aheartdisease.第二節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.InalibraryB.Inthewoman’sstudy.C.Inasecond-handbookstore.7.Whenwillthespeakersgoonvacation?A.Inthreedays.B.Infivedays.C.Intendays.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatdidSarahdoalmosteverydayduringhertrip?A.Sheplayedthepiano.B.Shewentswimming.C.Shedidherhomework.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Guideandtourist.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whodoesthemanwanttotalkto?A.PeterGriffin.B.JaneSolomon.C.MariaFernandez.11.Whatdoesthemanneed?A.Aphonenumber.B.After-salesservice.C.Projectinformation.12.Whatdoesthemandointheend?A.Havelunchwiththewoman.B.Givethewomanhisemailaddress.C.Arrangeameetingwiththewoman.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanprobablyteach?A.Math.B.History.C.Physics.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthegirl’squestion?A.It’ssilly.B.It’sdifficult.C.It’sworthasking.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutFibonacci?A.Hewasthebestmathematicianever.B.Hehadpoorhealththroughouthislife.C.Heputforwardanewnumbersequence.16.Whatisthefifthnumberinthenumbersequence?A.2.B.3.C.5.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoweknowabouttheweatherlastweek?A.Itwasdry.B.Itwasstormy.C.Itwascold.18.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoing?A.Drivingslowly.B.Avoidinggoingout.C.Preparingenoughfood.19.Whatcanpeopleexpectnextmonth?A.Heavyrainfall.B.Extremecold.C.Strongwinds.20.WhoisprobablyDan?A.Aweatherman.B.Asportsjournalist.C.Afinancenewshost.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALeather-makinginFlorencedatesbackhundredsofyearstothe13thcentury.AlookatleathercraftsmeninFlorencewillhelpyouknowmoreaboutItalianleather.Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCIJoinafreetourofthefactoryandyou’llgetadeepdiveintotheprocessofmakingahandbag.Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you’llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou’llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforeverTheleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMERSTEFANOBEMERwasfamousforitshand-tailoredshoes.Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprentices(學(xué)徒)learntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore.Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoioWalkingintothecourtyardoftheScuoladelCuoiofeelsalittlelikewalkingontoaminicollegecampus.Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.Thebookbinding(書籍裝訂)store——IlTorchioIlTorchioisabeautifulbookbindingstorerunbyErinCiulla.IfyouaskCiulla,shemighttakeyoutoseethe“guillotine”,whichisactuallyaverylarge,antique-lookingmachinethat’susedtocutlargeamountsofpaper.Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers.1.WhatisthemainreasonforPierotucci’shighprice?A.Thespecialmaterial. B.Thehandmadeprocess.C.Thehighcostofthevisit. D.Thelonghistoryofthefactory.2.Whichplacesprovidetheopportunitytolearnleather-making?A.PierotucciandIlTorchio. B.SeuoladelCuoioandIlTorchio.C.PierotucciandStefanoBemer. D.StefanoBemerandScuoladelCuoio.3.Whatcanyoudointhebookbindingstore?A.Buyahigh-qualityleatherbag.B.Buyanantique-lookingmachine.C.Haveaphotoalbumcoveredwithleather.D.Havetheleathercoverscutbytheguillotine.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了佛羅倫薩的皮革制造商的歷史，包括PIEROTUCCI、STEFANOBEMER、ScuoladelCuoio和IlTorchio等四個(gè)皮革制造商各自的特色?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的Theleatherfactory－PIEROTUCCI部分可知，“Afterseeingwhatittakestomakeabagbyhand,you’llnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.Andyou’llknowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforever.”（在看到手工制作一個(gè)袋子需要什么之后，你不會再奇怪為什么PIEROTUCCI的價(jià)格在結(jié)尾處會有兩個(gè)零。你會知道，如果你真的花了錢，這個(gè)袋子將永遠(yuǎn)存在。）可知，這個(gè)袋子貴的原因是，這是手工制作的。B項(xiàng)“Thehandmadeprocess.”（手工制作工藝。）符合原文表述，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Theleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMER部分的“Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds，andinsomecasesthousands，ofdollarsisalsowhereapprenticeslearntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionofthestore.”（這家優(yōu)雅的商店出售的鞋子價(jià)格高達(dá)數(shù)百美元，有時(shí)甚至數(shù)千美元，也是學(xué)徒們學(xué)習(xí)技能的地方：可以在商店的前面看到。）和Theleatherschool—ScuoladelCuoio部分“Youleavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandinteachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.”（當(dāng)你進(jìn)入歷史建筑時(shí)，你離開繁忙的街道。這所學(xué)校專門制作獨(dú)一無二的皮包，并教授付費(fèi)學(xué)生高質(zhì)量皮革加工的秘訣。）可知，在STEFANOBEMER和ScuoladelCuoio可以有學(xué)習(xí)皮革制作的機(jī)會。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一部分Thebookbinding(書籍裝訂)store——IlTorchio的“Beyondbindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphotoalbumsinhand-madepapers.”（除了用皮革封面裝訂外，Ciulla還用手工紙裝訂書籍、期刊和相冊。）可知，可以獲得一本用皮革覆蓋的相冊。C項(xiàng)“Haveaphotoalbumcoveredwithleather.”（有一本用皮革覆蓋的相冊。）符合原文表述。故選C項(xiàng)。B“Everythinghappensforthebest,”mymothersaidwheneverIfaceddisappointment."Ifyoucancarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Andyou'llrealizethatitwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment."Motherwasright,asIdiscoveredaftergraduatingfromcollegein1932.Ihaddecidedtotryforajobinradio,thenworkmywayuptosportsannouncer.Ihitchhiked（搭便車）toChicagoandknockedonthedoorofeverystation-andgotturneddowneverytime.Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson."Gooutintheremoteareasandfindasmallstationthat'llgiveyouachance,"shesaid.IwentbackhometoDixon,Illinois.Whiletherewasnoradio-announcingjobsinDixon,myfathersaidMontgomeryWardhadopenedastoreandwantedalocalathletetomanageitssportsdepartment.SinceDixonwaswhereIhadplayedhighschoolfootball,Iapplied.Thejobsoundedjustrightforme.ButIwasn'thired.Mydisappointmentmusthaveshown."Everythinghappensforthebest,"Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.ItriedWOCRadioinDavenport,Iowa.Theprogramdirector,awonderfulScotsmannamedPeterMacArthur,toldmetheyhadalreadyhiredanannouncer.AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover（沸溢，發(fā)怒）.Iaskedaloud,"Howcanafellowgettobeasportannouncerifhecan'tgetajobinaradiostation?"IwaswaitingfortheelevatorwhenIheardMacArthurcalling,"Whatwasthatyousaidaboutsports?Doyouknowanythingaboutfootball?"Thenhestoodmebeforeamicrophoneandaskedmetobroadcastanimaginarygame.Theprecedingautumn,myteamhadwonagameinthelast20secondswitha65-yardrun.Idida15-minuteboosttothatplay,andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday’sgame!Onmywayhome,asIhavemanytimessince,Ithoughtofmymother'swords:"Ifyoucarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment".4.Thereasonwhytheauthorwasn’thiredinChicagowasprobablythat____A.heshowednoconfidenceatthestationsB.therewerenojobavailableatthestationsC.hehadnoexperienceinradiobroadcastingD.thereweretoomanypeoplecompetingwithhim5.Welearnfromthepassagethat____A.thefrustrationoftheauthorpreventedhimfromperformingwellatWOCRadioB.bothoftheauthor’sparentsshowedsupportwhenhewastryingtosearchforajobC.PeterMacArthurrecognizetheauthor’stalentinbroadcastingafterreadinghisresume.D.theauthorlostallhishopeandcouragewhenhewasturneddownbyMontgomeryWard6.Whatwasmostlikelytheauthor’sattitudetowardsPeterMacArthur？A.HewasworriedthatPeterwouldn’tbelieveinhisabilityB.HewasafraidthathisloudinnerclamwouldannoyPeterC.HewasangrythatPeterdidn’tofferhimasatisfyingpotentialD.HewasgratefulthatPetercouldnoticehisbroadcastingpotential7.Whatlessoncanyoulearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinthepassage?A.Wellbegunishalfdone B.PreventionisbetterthancureC.Nocross,nocrown D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday〖答案〗4.C5.B6.D7.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己找工作所遇到的挫折，正好印證了作者母親曾經(jīng)說過的話“如果你堅(jiān)持下去，總有一天會有好事發(fā)生。你會意識到，如果沒有以前的挫折就不會有現(xiàn)在的一切?！薄?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson.可知，他被拒絕的原因可能是沒有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，故選C。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"Everythinghappensforthebest,"Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.可知，作者的父母都非常支持作者找工作，故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段開頭AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover（沸溢，發(fā)怒）.可知，作者開始時(shí)被拒絕，心情很沮喪。然后根據(jù)本段最后andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday’sgame!可知PeterMacArthur最后給了作者這份工作機(jī)會。由此可以推出，作者的心情由怒轉(zhuǎn)喜，作者對PeterMacArthur是感激的，故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者的經(jīng)歷及文章最后一段的Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment可知，作者的經(jīng)歷讓我們懂得：沒有苦難，就沒有成功，故選C。A.Wellbegunishalfdone良好的開端是成功的一半；B.Preventionisbetterthancure與其補(bǔ)救于已然，不如防止于未然；C.Nocross,nocrown沒有苦難，就沒有成功；D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday羅馬不是一天建成的。CUsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?FromthewaterrequiredtomaintainthegolfcourseduringTheMasterstournamenttothehundredsofflightsittakestobringfootballfanstoaWorldCup,majorsportseventsarenothelpingmuchinthefightagainstglobalheating.What’smore,thereisalackofrecognitionwithinsportofitsresponsibilitiesandlittlediscussionaboutpossiblesolutions.Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”Globalheatingisnoticeableinothersports.AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.Yetsportcanbeapowerfulmotivator:itcanunitewholenationsbehinditsteams.Couldsporthavearoletoplayindrivingclimateawareness?WillGaddandAmySteelareamongmanyathleteswhothinkso?Onethingiscertain.SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.8.Whatisthemainfocusofthefirstparagraph?A.Whydosportseventsconsumeenergy?B.Howmuchpowerdoathletesgenerate?C.Whatistheenergyimpactofsportsevents?D.HowdidBoltcontributetotheenvironment?9.WhydoesthewriteruseWillGaddandAmySteelasexamples?A.Theyinitiatedeco-friendlysportspractices.B.Theysustainedpermanentinjuriesinsports.C.Theyfellvictimtoclimate-relatedincidents.D.Theyachievedrecord-breakingperformances.10.Whateffectofglobalheatingonsportsismentionedinthetext?A.Stricterfacilityrestrictions. B.Substantialfinanciallosses.C.Higherathletetrainingstandards. D.Prolongedoutdoorsportsseasons.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?.A.SportsintheClimateCrisisB.AthletesagainstGlobalHeatingC.TheImpactofClimateChangeonSportD.TheEnvironmentalCostofOutdoorSports〖答案〗8.C9.C10.B11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了氣候危機(jī)與體育運(yùn)動的關(guān)系，即氣候危機(jī)中的體育運(yùn)動?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“UsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(在奧運(yùn)會200米短跑決賽中，尤塞恩·博爾特為贏得金牌消耗了大約10千卡的能量，這些能量大約可以為一個(gè)60瓦的舊燈泡供電11分鐘。如果你能利用所有運(yùn)動員在奧運(yùn)會期間產(chǎn)生的所有能量，你仍然遠(yuǎn)不能達(dá)到運(yùn)動員、觀眾和組織者在比賽期間消耗的295億瓦的總能量。我們認(rèn)為體育運(yùn)動是理所當(dāng)然的，但我們是否考慮過它給地球帶來的代價(jià))”可知，第一段重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是體育賽事的能量影響。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”(當(dāng)攀巖者威爾·蓋德開始征服世界上的冰川時(shí)，他沒有意識到這將成為一場與氣候變化的賽跑。“我以為冰川是永遠(yuǎn)存在的。”當(dāng)他到達(dá)頂峰時(shí)，蓋德震驚了：“冰……不在那里。我計(jì)劃攀登的東西都不見了?！?”以及第四段中“AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.(艾米·斯蒂爾在39℃的環(huán)境下打過職業(yè)無擋板籃球，直到中暑才退役，不幸的是，她的傷勢是永久性的)”可推知，作者使用二人作為例子，是想說明氣候?qū)\(yùn)動員的影響——他們成了氣候相關(guān)事件的受害者。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中“Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.(不僅如此，由于全球變暖，極端天氣事件更加頻繁，這意味著體育賽事更經(jīng)常被推遲或取消。這讓體育界損失了數(shù)十億美元的潛在收入)”可知，全球變暖造成體育運(yùn)動重大財(cái)務(wù)損失。故選B。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(我們認(rèn)為體育運(yùn)動是理所當(dāng)然的，但我們是否考慮過它給地球帶來的代價(jià))”以及第三段第一句“Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.(這很奇怪，因?yàn)檫@種效應(yīng)是雙向的：氣候危機(jī)不僅受到體育運(yùn)動的影響，而且它已經(jīng)對許多體育運(yùn)動產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響)”，尤其是文章最后一段中“SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.(體育必須把氣候變化放在議程的首位，以尤塞恩·博爾特那樣的速度去碳化，才能有所作為)”可知，本文主要說明了氣候危機(jī)與體育運(yùn)動的關(guān)系。由此可知，SportsintheClimateCrisis(氣候危機(jī)中的體育運(yùn)動)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。DAlotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸鈉)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(玻璃珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.12.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Ittakeslesstimetobreakdown.B.Itcanberecycledatalowcost.C.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.13.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice’sstomach.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph4referto?A.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.B.Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.C.Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.D.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AminoAcidsMakeGlassTougherB.AminoAcidsCastNewLightonScienceC.BiodegradableGlass:ClosertoSustainabilityD.BiodegradableGlass:ReadytoHittheMarket〖答案〗12.A13.A14.D15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國科學(xué)院的專家團(tuán)隊(duì)利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環(huán)保玻璃。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸鈉)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.”（今天，許多由沙子和碳酸鈉制成的人造玻璃可以重復(fù)使用或熔化，再循環(huán)制成新物品，但它不會在環(huán)境中分解，將在垃圾填埋場中放置數(shù)千年。）和第二段中“Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.”（這種玻璃對環(huán)境的影響較小，可以在幾周或幾個(gè)月內(nèi)分解。）可知，新型玻璃的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它需要更少的時(shí)間來分解。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss.”（在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)期間，沒有老鼠表現(xiàn)出可能由玻璃植入引起的任何與疼痛相關(guān)的行為，也沒有老鼠出現(xiàn)明顯的體重減輕。）可知，研究人員要在老鼠體內(nèi)植入玻璃珠是為了評估玻璃在生物學(xué)上是否無害。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段，尤其是該劃線單詞的前一句“Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.”（雖然氨基酸在環(huán)境中會隨著時(shí)間的推移而降解，但這種可生物降解的玻璃不如傳統(tǒng)玻璃耐用，因?yàn)榘被嵩诩訜嵯聲杆俜纸?。）可知，這種氨基酸玻璃確實(shí)可以隨著時(shí)間的推移而降解，但是它卻不如傳統(tǒng)的玻璃那樣經(jīng)久耐用，因?yàn)榘被嵩诩訜嵯聲杆俜纸?。由此可推知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不穩(wěn)定性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第二段中“InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).”（在最近發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究中，中國科學(xué)院過程工程研究所的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)描述了他們是如何設(shè)計(jì)出由氨基酸制成的可生物降解玻璃的。）可知，文章主要講的是中國科學(xué)院的專家團(tuán)隊(duì)利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環(huán)保玻璃。故文章最好的標(biāo)題是“可生物降解玻璃：更接近可持續(xù)性”。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowWeatherAffectsOurMoodTheweathersuppliesmanymetaphors(隱喻)forourchangeableminds.Moodscanbrightenanddarken,futurescanbeunderacloud,andrelationshipscanbestormy.___16___,butdoesitalsoinfluenceourmoods?Ofthemanyaspectsofweather,sunshineisthemostcloselytiedtomood.Althoughthelinkisweakerthanmanypeopleimagine,sunlighthasrepeatedlybeenfoundtoincreasepositivemoodsandreducetiredness.____17____.Happypeopletendtobemorefavorabletowardoneanother,andpeoplearemorehelpfulwhenthesunisshining.OnestudyevenfoundthatdinersinMinnesota,US,tippedmoregenerouslyonsunnydays.____18____.Astudyshowedthatuniversityadmissionsofficersstressedtheacademicqualificationsofapplicantsmoreoncloudydays,andtheirnon-academicqualitiesmoreonsunnyones.____19____.Themoreitdeparts(偏離)fromanidealofaround20C,themorediscomfortwefeel.Onestudyfoundthatratesofhelpingothersdecreasedastemperaturesdroppedbeloworroseabovethisvalue.Indeed,theeffectsofweatheronmooddependonourbehaviorandonhowwethink.___20___.AstudybyUSpsychologyresearcherMatthewKellerandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbeneficialeffectsofwarmandsunnyconditionsonmoodwereonlyseeninpeoplewhohadspentmorethan30minutesoutdoorsthatday.Goodweatherevenhadnegativeeffectsonmoodforpeopleconfined(限制)indoors,whoperhapslookedenviously(嫉妒地)outsideatthesolarfuntheyweremissing.A.Similarly,greyweathermayencourageseriousandcalmthinkingB.AspectsofweatherbeyondheatandsunshinehavealsobeenshowntoaffectmoodC.WeatherprovidesavividlanguagefordescribingouremotionalatmosphereD.TemperaturecanalsoaffectourmindandbehaviorE.ButtheeffectsofweatheronmoodarenotentirelybiologicalF.AnythingthatchangesourmoodscanaffectourbehaviorG.Basically,weatherwillonlyinfluenceusifweareoutdoorsexperiencingit〖答案〗16.C17.F18.A19.D20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了天氣對人們情緒的影響。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Theweathersuppliesmanymetaphors(隱喻)forourchangeableminds.Moodscanbrightenanddarken,futurescanbeunderacloud,andrelationshipscanbestormy.(天氣為我們多變的思想提供了許多隱喻。情緒有明有暗，未來可能陰云密布，人際關(guān)系也可能風(fēng)雨飄搖)”舉了一些使用描寫天氣的表達(dá)來描述我們情感的例子，C選項(xiàng)“天氣為描述我們的情感氛圍提供了生動的語言”可概括這一內(nèi)容，且C選項(xiàng)的主語Weather可與后半句的it構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系，提問天氣是否會影響我們的心情，引出下文。故選C?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ofthemanyaspectsofweather,sunshineisthemostcloselytiedtomood.Althoughthelinkisweakerthanmanypeopleimagine,sunlighthasrepeatedlybeenfoundtoincreasepositivemoodsandreducetiredness.(在天氣的諸多方面中，陽光與心情的關(guān)系最為密切。盡管這種聯(lián)系比許多人想象的要弱，但人們一再發(fā)現(xiàn)陽光能增加積極情緒，減少疲勞)”提出陽光會讓人們心情更好的發(fā)現(xiàn)，后文“Happypeopletendtobemorefavorabletowardoneanother,andpeoplearemorehelpfulwhenthesunisshining.OnestudyevenfoundthatdinersinMinnesota,US,tippedmoregenerouslyonsunnydays.(快樂的人往往更喜歡彼此，當(dāng)陽光燦爛的時(shí)候，人們更樂于助人。一項(xiàng)研究甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國明尼蘇達(dá)州的食客在晴天給的小費(fèi)更慷慨)”則舉出人們會更友好、更樂于助人，甚至出去吃飯時(shí)會給更多的小費(fèi)，說明天氣會影響我們的行為，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“任何改變我們情緒的事情都會影響我們的行為”符合語境，故選F。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Astudyshowedthatuniversityadmissionsofficersstressedtheacademicqualificationsofapplicantsmoreoncloudydays,andtheirnon-academicqualitiesmoreonsunnyones.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，大學(xué)招生人員在陰天更強(qiáng)調(diào)申請者的學(xué)歷，在晴天更強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的非學(xué)術(shù)素質(zhì))”可知，本段提到研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大學(xué)的招生官在cloudydays會更客觀，更加看重學(xué)術(shù)成績，而在陽光明媚的天氣會更注重申請者的非學(xué)術(shù)品質(zhì)，A選項(xiàng)“同樣地，陰沉的天氣可能鼓勵(lì)嚴(yán)肅和冷靜的思考”能概括本段的主要意思，且Similarly表明了本段與前段的關(guān)系，都在說明天氣對人們心情的影響，故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Themoreitdeparts(偏離)fromanidealofaround20C,themorediscomfortwefeel.Onestudyfoundthatratesofhelpingothersdecreasedastemperaturesdroppedbeloworroseabovethisvalue.(溫度離理想的20攝氏度越遠(yuǎn)，我們就越感到不舒服。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)氣溫低于或高于這個(gè)數(shù)值時(shí)，幫助他人的比率就會下降)”本段主要在講氣溫對我們的影響，D選項(xiàng)“溫度也會影響我們的思想和行為”能夠概括本段大意，且D選項(xiàng)主語Temperature可與后句的it構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系，故選D。【20題詳析】根據(jù)后文“AstudybyUSpsychologyresearcherMatthewKellerandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbeneficialeffectsofwarmandsunnyconditionsonmoodwereonlyseeninpeoplewhohadspentmorethan30minutesoutdoorsthatday.Goodweatherevenhadnegativeeffectsonmoodforpeopleconfined(限制)indoors,whoperhapslookedenviously(嫉妒地)outsideatthesolarfuntheyweremissing.(美國心理學(xué)研究員馬修·凱勒和他的同事進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究表明，溫暖和陽光的環(huán)境對情緒的有益影響只出現(xiàn)在那些當(dāng)天在戶外待了30分鐘以上的人身上。好天氣甚至對被關(guān)在室內(nèi)的人的情緒也有負(fù)面影響，他們可能會羨慕地看著窗外錯(cuò)過的陽光)”可知，只有在人們當(dāng)天在戶外待30分鐘以上，好天氣才會對人們的心情產(chǎn)生積極影響，而好天氣甚至?xí)χ荒艽谑覂?nèi)的人產(chǎn)生消極影響，說明我們只有身處戶外，心情才會受到天氣的影響，G選項(xiàng)“基本上，只有當(dāng)我們在戶外經(jīng)歷天氣時(shí)，天氣才會影響我們”概括了這個(gè)意思。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以境人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.I___21___hewasabeggarlookingforcharity.ImadeamentalnotethatonmywaybackfromthemarketIshouldgivehimwhatever___22___Ihad.Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavement___23___inadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedbytookany___24___.Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohad___25___allhismoneyonalcohol.Ifinishedallmyshopping,andwalkedbackalongthesameroad.WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchange___26___himaskinghimtotakeit.Heshookhisheadasthoughsayingthathedidnotneedit.I___27___andpusheditintohishand.AsIstoodthere,___28___ofmygreatactofcharity,thebeggarslowlygotup,walkeduptotheyoungmanlyingonthepavement,andshookhimawake,___29___himsomethingclosetohisear.Istoodtherewatchingwith___30___ashewalkedtotheteashop,whereheaskedforsomethingforwhichhepaidwiththemoneyIgaveand___31___abread.Hethenwentbacktotheyoungman,andhelpedhimto___32___andeatthebread.HenoticedthatIwasstilltheresohesaid,“Thatyoungboyhasnoteatenfortwodaysandhasnoenergyeventositup.Thatiswhyhe___33___onthepavement.”SuddenlyIfeltso___34___andadmiredthenonjudgemental___35___ofamanwhohassolittlecomparedtome.21.A.decided B.suspected C.recalled D.admitted22.A.food B.opportunity C.change D.job23.A.suddenly B.obviously C.probably D.gradually24.A.chance B.picture C.advantage D.notice25.A.wasted B.made C.earned D.raised26.A.towards B.over C.past D.for27.A.shouted B.insisted C.compromised D.commanded28.A.jealous B.confident C.proud D.hopeful29.A.showing B.leaving C.handing D.asking30.A.joy B.amazement C.thrill D.disappointment31.A.delivered B.shared C.collected D.brought32.A.sit B.lie C.stand D.wash33.A.begged B.collapsed C.died D.slept34.A.sad B.down C.great D.small35.A.patience B.tolerance C.integrity D.generosity〖答案〗21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.