2024年中考英語第一次模擬試卷-（廣州卷）（全解全析）

第第頁2024年中考第一次模擬考試（廣州卷）英語（全解全析）（考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：90分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、語法選擇(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1～15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。NobodyknowshowtheEarthappeared.ButthereisalegendinChina1explainshowtheEarthappeared.Inthebeginningoftheworld,theskyandtheearthwerenotseparated,andtheuniversewasabigblackegg.Somethinggrewinsidetheblackegg.Itwas2ababybirdnorababysnake.Whatwasit?Somethinghadgrownfor18,000years.Somethingslept.Somethingdreamed.Itwasthedreamoftheuniverse.Finally,somethingstarted3upinsidetheblackegg.ItwasPangu!Inthedarkness,hiseyesshonelikethesunandmoon.Hestretched.Bump!Hishead4ontheegg.Panguyawned.Pangumovedaroundinthedarkness.5hewastoobigfortheegg,hefelttrappedinside.Hetriedtobreakfree.Hereachedouthishandandtouchedsomethingsharp.Ouch!Itwas6axe!Great!Itwasjust7heneeded!Swing!Panguhittheegg8hisaxe.Theegggotacrack.Swing!Panguhit9again.Pangubroketheegg!Hetookadeepbreath.Hepushedup.Abovehimitbecamelightandair.Hepushedhigherandhigher.It10becamethesky.Pangupusheddown.Belowhimitwasdarkandheavy.Hepushedlowerandlower.ItbecametheEarth.Pangudidnotlettheegg11.Hepushedaparttheskyandtheearth.Fearingthatthey12close,hehadkeptpushingfor18,000years.ThemorePangugrew,13aparthepushedtheEarthandthesky.Finally,Pangugotexhaustedbecauseofallthehardworkandhedied.ThenhisheadandbodybecametheFiveSacredMountains,14MountTai,MountHenginHunan,MountHua,MountHenginShanxi,andMountSong.Pangu’seyesturnedintothesunandmoon.Hisbloodchangedintowater.It15theriverandsea.Hishairturnedintostars.TheuniverseandPangubecameone.1．A．where B．which C．who D．what2．A．either B．both C．neither D．none3．A．towake B．woke C．woken D．towaking4．A．washit B．werehit C．hashit D．hits5．A．When B．Though C．But D．Since6．A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the7．A．that B．what C．how D．when8．A．with B．in C．on D．by9．A．them B．it C．its D．their10．A．complete B．completed C．completing D．completely11．A．closed B．toclose C．close D．closing12．A．can B．might C．will D．need13．A．farther B．thefarthest C．farthest D．thefarther14．A．included B．includes C．including D．toinclude15．A．fills B．filled C．wasfilled D．filling【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．A5．D6．C7．B8．A9．B10．D11．A12．B13．D14．C15．B【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了中國神話傳說中的盤古創(chuàng)世。1．句意：但在中國有一個(gè)傳說，解釋了地球是如何出現(xiàn)的。where先行詞為地點(diǎn)詞；which先行詞為物；who先行詞為人；what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。分析句子可知，空格處到句末為定語從句，修飾先行詞“l(fā)egend”，為物。故選B。2．句意：它既不是鳥寶寶，也不是蛇寶寶。either兩者中任意一個(gè)；both兩者都；neither兩者都不；none沒有一個(gè)。根據(jù)“...ababybirdnorababysnake”可知，此處應(yīng)用neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。故選C。3．句意：最后，黑蛋里的東西開始蘇醒。towake動(dòng)詞不定式；woke過去式；woken過去分詞；towaking介詞+動(dòng)名詞。starttodosth.“開始做某事”。故選A。4．句意：他的頭撞在蛋上了。washit一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)；werehit一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱；hashit現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；hits動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此句為一般過去時(shí)；主語“Hishead”和hit為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為wasdone。故選A。5．句意：因?yàn)樗罅?，所以他覺得自己被困在蛋里了。When當(dāng)……時(shí)；Though盡管，雖然；But但是；Since既然，因?yàn)?。分析?..hewastoobigfortheegg,hefelttrappedinside.”可知，前后兩句為因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)用since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選D。6．句意：那是一把斧頭！/不填；a不定冠詞，表泛指，用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前；an不定冠詞，表泛指，用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前；the定冠詞，表特指。根據(jù)“Itwas...axe!”可知，此處表泛指，且“axe”以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故選C。7．句意：這正是他所需要的東西！that沒有實(shí)際意義，在從句中不作成分；what……東西，在從句中可作賓語；how怎樣，在從句中作狀語；when什么時(shí)間，在從句中作狀語。分析“Itwasjust...heneeded!”可知，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語。故選B。8．句意：盤古用他的斧頭砍了蛋。with后跟具體的工具；in表示使用某種語言或材料；on在……上面；by表示用某種方式或手段?！癶isaxe”是具體的工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。故選A。9．句意：盤古又砍了一下。them它們，賓格；it它，主/賓格；its它的，物主代詞；their它們的，物主代詞。根據(jù)“Theegggotacrack.Swing!Panguhit...again.”可知，此處指盤古砍這個(gè)蛋，動(dòng)詞hit后用賓格形式it指代單數(shù)名詞“egg”。故選B。10．句意：它完全變成了天空。complete完成，動(dòng)詞原形；completed過去式或過去分詞；completing動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；completely完全地，副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“became”。故選D。11．句意：盤古沒有讓蛋合上。closed封閉的，形容詞；toclose動(dòng)詞不定式；close接近，親密的，形容詞；closing結(jié)束的，形容詞。根據(jù)“Hepushedaparttheskyandtheearth.”可知，他把天地分開了，也就是沒有讓蛋合上，closed符合題意。故選A。12．句意：由于擔(dān)心它們可能會(huì)關(guān)閉，他堅(jiān)持了一萬八千年。can可以，能夠；might可能；will將會(huì)；need需要。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，此空應(yīng)填過去式。故選B。13．句意：盤古越長大，他就越把天地分開。farther比較級(jí)；thefarthest定冠詞+最高級(jí)；farthest最高級(jí)；thefarther定冠詞+比較級(jí)。根據(jù)“ThemorePangugrew,...aparthepushedtheEarthandthesky.”可知，此處是“the+比較級(jí)...，the+比較級(jí)...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越……，就越……”。故選D。14．句意：然后他的頭和身體變成了五岳，包括泰山、湖南衡山、華山、山西恒山和嵩山。included包括，動(dòng)詞過去式；includes動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)；including包括，介詞；toinclude動(dòng)詞不定式。此處是列舉五岳包括哪些，應(yīng)用介詞including。故選C。15．句意：它填滿了河流和海洋。fills一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；filled一般過去時(shí)；wasfilled一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；filling現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。二、完形填空(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然后從16～25各題所給的A、B、C、D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,Icelebratedmy40thbirthdaywithfriendsinatwo-floorrestaurant.Manyarrivedearlierandwaitedoutsidetherestaurant.AsIwasontheroadside,ahomelessmancameneartomeand16money.IlethimknowIdidn’thaveany17withme.Withaquietsmileonhisface,hemovedon.Justthenafriendarrivedandcalledout,“HappyBirthday!”Hearingthis,themanturnedandasked,“Hey,man,it’syourbirthday?”“Yes,”Isaid.He18,smiledandsaid,“HappyBirthday!”Iwasnotcompletelyreadyforwhathappenednext.Hetookoutadollarfromhis19bag,andgaveittome,saying,“Hereman,takethis.HappyBirthday!”That’s20.Ithoughthewasmakingajoke!AlthoughIwas21deeplybyhisgenerosity（慷慨）,acceptingmoneyfromahomelessmanwasembarrassingforme.Ifeltveryuncomfortable.SoIreplied,“Thanks,but…”Lookingdirectlyintomyeyes,hesaid,“Godissogoodtome.Everynight,Ialwaysendupwithaplaceto22andenoughfoodtoeat.Pleasetakethis.”Iheldoutmy23—withoutthinkingtwice,saying,“Thankyou.”Thiswasoneofmy24lifelessons—howeverpoorwemayfeel,wealwayshavesomethingvaluabletosharewithothers.Fromthenon,Ioftenhelpedpeopleinneedandtreatedeveryonewithkindnessand25,spreadingloveandjoyeverywhereIwent.16．A．a(chǎn)skedfor B．lookedfor C．paidfor D．caredfor17．A．gift B．cash C．clothes D．food18．A．walkeddown B．walkedalong C．walkedback D．walkedahead19．A．dirty B．tidy C．fashionable D．costly20．A．enjoyable B．lucky C．impolite D．a(chǎn)mazing21．A．proud B．moved C．excited D．surprised22．A．go B．hope C．sleep D．play23．A．hand B．a(chǎn)rms C．legs D．hat24．A．hardest B．greatest C．longest D．worst25．A．truth B．warmth C．a(chǎn)chievement D．power【答案】16．A17．B18．C19．A20．D21．B22．C23．A24．B25．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者在過生日時(shí)一個(gè)流浪漢祝他生日快樂，并給了他一美元，這讓作者認(rèn)識(shí)到：無論我們感覺多么貧窮，我們總是有一些有價(jià)值的東西可以與他人分享。16．句意：當(dāng)我在路邊的時(shí)候，一個(gè)流浪漢向我走來要錢。askedfor要求；lookedfor尋找；paidfor支付；caredfor關(guān)心。根據(jù)“ahomelessmancameneartomeand...money”可知一個(gè)無家可歸的人來要錢。故選A。17．句意：我讓他知道我身上沒有現(xiàn)金。gift禮物；cash現(xiàn)金；clothes衣服；food食物。根據(jù)“IlethimknowIdidn’thaveany”可知他來要錢，但是我沒有現(xiàn)金。故選B。18．句意：他走了回來，微笑著說：“生日快樂！”walkeddown走下來；walkedalong沿著走；walkedback走回去；walkedahead走在前面。根據(jù)“hemovedon”可知在知道作者沒有現(xiàn)金時(shí)，他走開了，但是聽到朋友說今天是我的生日，他又走回來了。故選C。19．句意：他從臟袋子里掏出一美元。dirty臟的；tidy整潔的；fashionable時(shí)尚的；costly昂貴的。根據(jù)“his...bag”可知是無家可歸的人從他的臟包里拿出錢。故選A。20．句意：這太令人驚訝了。enjoyable愉快的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；impolite不禮貌的；amazing令人驚奇的。根據(jù)“Ithoughthewasmakingajoke”可知作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)無家可歸的人給他錢，這讓人很驚訝。故選D。21．句意：雖然我被他的慷慨深深打動(dòng)了，但接受一個(gè)流浪漢的錢讓我很尷尬。proud驕傲的；moved感動(dòng)的；excited興奮的；surprised吃驚的。根據(jù)“deeplybyhisgenerosity”可知是被他的慷慨感動(dòng)。故選B。22．句意：我最終總是有一個(gè)地方睡覺，有足夠的食物吃。go去；hope希望；sleep睡覺；play玩。根據(jù)“aplaceto”可知是有一個(gè)地方睡覺。故選C。23．句意：我不假思索地伸出手說：“謝謝你?！県and手；arms胳膊；legs腿；hat帽子。根據(jù)“heldoutmy...”可知是伸出手。故選A。24．句意：這是我一生中最好的一課。hardest最難的；greatest最好的；longest最長的；worst最差的。根據(jù)“Thiswasoneofmy...lifelessons”可知是最好的一課。故選B。25．句意：我經(jīng)常幫助有需要的人，用善意和溫暖對(duì)待每一個(gè)人，無論我走到哪里，都能傳播愛和歡樂。truth真相；warmth溫暖；achievement成就；power權(quán)力。根據(jù)“treatedeveryonewithkindnessand”可知是用善意和溫暖對(duì)待每一個(gè)人。故選B。閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然后從26-40各題所給的A、B、C、D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AYesterday,Ireadareportonfruit-pickingrobots.AsIheardaboutthepriceyroboticarmsofthesemachines,Iwasfilledwithsomethinglikesadness.Ourchildrenandgrandchildren,I’mafraid,willnotbeabletounderstandhowourfoodisgrown.Norwilltheybeabletoexperiencethefunoffruit-picking.IoncespentafewweeksonafarminNewZealand.There,Imetabout50apple-pickersfromVanuatu.Atnight,welistenedtopopmusicandwashedourclothesastheytoldmeabouttheirexperiencesofpickingpineapplesandpeaches.Lifeonthefarmwashard.Theroomsweresmallanddark.Therewasnothinginthembutakettle(水壺)andashower.However,thetripleftmewithmanyfondmemories.Whenmysonwaslittle,Iusedtocyclehimhalfanhouroutoftowntoafarmeveryfewweeks.There,wecouldpickstrawberries.Helovedit.Hewasexcitedaboutthesmelloftheplants,thefeelofthesoilandtheartofguessingwhichpieceoffruithadthepotentialtobethemostdelicious.Andhesawwhereourfruitcamefrom.Iwantedhimtounderstandtheeffortandenergyduringtheprocessofproducingfood.Doorstepdeliveriesandwashedandsliced(切好的)saladvegetableshavealreadystartedtodestroyourunderstandingofhowourfoodisgrownandwhatitlookslike.Roboticfruit-pickers,Ifear,willbejustanotherstepinthisdirection.I’mafraidthatwearemakingthewholeactofeatingahands-offexperience.Whereis,then,thefunofit?26．WhatisthereportinParagraph1about?A．Robotsusedtopickfruit. B．Thefunofgrowingfood.C．Thecostofmakingrobots. D．Childrenworkingonafarm.27．HowdidthewriterfeelaboutthetripinNewZealand?A．Terrible. B．Unforgettable. C．Regretful. D．Disappointed.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Cuttingfruit. B．Smellingthesoil.C．Cyclinginthetown. D．Pickingstrawberries.29．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B．C． D．【答案】26．A27．B28．D29．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者和兒子一起采摘的經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)水果采摘機(jī)器人的擔(dān)憂。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ireadareportonfruit-pickingrobots”可知這篇報(bào)道是關(guān)于采摘水果的機(jī)器人。故選A。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,thetripleftmewithmanyfondmemories”可知新西蘭旅行給我留下了很多美好的回憶，可知作者對(duì)于新西蘭之旅感到很難忘。故選B。28．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“There,wecouldpickstrawberries”可知上文提到我們可以摘草莓，我們喜歡它，因此it指的是摘草莓這件事。故選D。29．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文第一段是說作者聽說水果采摘機(jī)器人的感受；第二段和第三段是在講述作者和兒子采摘的經(jīng)歷；第四段說的是水果采摘機(jī)器人會(huì)破壞我們對(duì)食物生長和外觀的理解，故結(jié)構(gòu)與A項(xiàng)所示相同，故選A。BInrecentyears,ithasbecomepopularforwomentowearatraditionalqipaodress.Especiallyduringthe“gaokao”,manymotherswearqipaostowishtheirchildrengoodluckintheexam.Thereasonisthat“qipao”standsfortheChinesemeaning“qikaidesheng”,whichmeans“victory”.Theqipaohasahighcollar(衣領(lǐng)),withpankous,traditionalChineseknottedbuttons,onthefront.Somepeoplebelievetheqipaooriginated(起源)fromgowns(長袍)intheQingDynasty.Influencedbywesternculture,itchangedcontinuallyduringtheearly20thcentury,becomingmorefittedandbody-hugging.Afteryearsofdevelopment,theqipaoisnowmainlydividedintoBeijingstyles,ShanghaistylesandHongKongstyles.▲TheBeijingstyleqipaoismoretraditionalthanShanghai-styleandHongKong-styleqipaos.ThecolorsofBeijing-styleqipaosaremuchbrighter.High-qualityBeijing-styleqipaosareusuallymadebyhand,sothepriceismuchhigher.ComparedwithBeijing-styleqipaos.Shanghai-styleonesaremorefashionable.Morewesternelements(元素)areusedinthedesignsandcolors.Shanghai-styleqipaosbecamethemostpopularstylebecauseofthefashionabledesignandslimshape.Now,Shanghai-styleqipaosarestillthefirstchoiceformostwomen,especiallyamongyoungerones.HongKong-styleqipaoshavebeeninfluencedgreatlybyEuropeanfashions.Theyhaveshortersleeves(袖子)thantheothertwo.Thedecorationsaresimpler,too.TheqipaoisaveryclassicproducttostandforthebeautyoftraditionalChineseclothing.ItshowsnotonlythehistoryoftheHanpeople,butalsothefootprintsofotherculturesontheland.30．Manymotherswearqipaosduringtheexamto______.A．developtraditionalcultureB．maketheirchildrenrelaxedC．celebratetheirchildren'svictoryD．expressgoodwishestotheirchildren31．InPara.2,allthefollowingsarementionedEXCEPT______.A．whobuystheqipao B．whattheqipaolookslikeC．howtheqipaochanged D．whattheqipaooriginatedfrom32．Whichsentencecanbeputinthemissingpat“▲”inPara.3?A．Theyarealsodifferentinprice.B．Theyinfluenceeachotherindevelopment.C．Differentstyleshavetheirownbuyinggroups.D．Therearemanydifferencesincoloranddesign.33．Thewriterwrotethepassageto______.A．introducedifferentkindsofqipaosinChinaB．showusthattheqipaoispopularallovertheworldC．teachushowtomakebeautifulqupaosbyourselvesD．tellusthehistory,development,styleandcultureoftheqipao【答案】30．D31．A32．D33．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了旗袍的起源和發(fā)展以及不同風(fēng)格的旗袍。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Especiallyduringthe‘gaokao’,manymotherswearqipaostowishtheirchildrengoodluckintheexam.”可知許多媽媽在考試期間穿旗袍是為了向她們的孩子表達(dá)良好的祝愿。故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theqipaohasahighcollar(衣領(lǐng)),withpankous,traditionalChineseknottedbuttons,onthefront.”可知，介紹了旗袍的樣式；根據(jù)“Somepeoplebelievetheqipaooriginated(起源)fromgowns(長袍)intheQingDynasty.”可知，介紹了旗袍的起源；根據(jù)“Influencedbywesternculture,itchangedcontinuallyduringtheearly20thcentury,becomingmorefittedandbody-hugging.”可知，介紹了旗袍的變化，沒有提到“誰買旗袍”，故選A。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheBeijingstyleqipaoismoretraditionalthanShanghai-styleandHongKong-styleqipaos.ThecolorsofBeijing-styleqipaosaremuchbrighter.High-qualityBeijing-styleqipaosareusuallymadebyhand,sothepriceismuchhigher.”可知，介紹了不同風(fēng)格的旗袍顏色、設(shè)計(jì)價(jià)格都不一樣，可推斷出空處應(yīng)填：在顏色和設(shè)計(jì)上有很多不同。故選D。33．主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段可推斷出，作者寫了這篇文章來告訴我們旗袍的歷史、發(fā)展、風(fēng)格和文化。故選D。CSendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.Astronautswillhavetotakeeverythingtheyneed,includingfood,airandwater.Theroominsidethespaceshipistoolimitedtoholdmanythings.SopackingaspaceshipisahugechallengeforatriptoMars.Sixastronautsonaneight-monthtriptoMarswillneedatleast18,000kilogramsofwaterfordrinkingandwashing.They’llalsoneedwatertoprotectthemselvesfromspacerayswhichcanpassrightthroughspaceshipwallsandharmastronauts’livingcells.Butalayerofwaterplacedaroundtheshipcanstoptheharm.That’salotofwater.Andsendingwaterintospaceistooexpensive.Itcosts$33,000tosendonecupofwatertoMars.Themoreyoutake,themoreitcosts.WehavethetechnologytogettoMars,buttheproblemisthatit’stooexpensive.ButFlynn,anengineeratNASA,thinkshehasawayofsolvingtheproblem.Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff(物料),whynotusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?Imagineaspaceshipthatblowsuplikeaballoon.Inside,thewallshavepocketslikeabighoneycomb(蜂巢).Theseholdlotsofplasticbagsfilledwithwater,driedfoodandalgae(水藻).Allthesemakehardwallsandgreatradiation(輻射)protection.Andstoppingradiationdoesn’tinfluencethefoodorwateritself—it’ssafetoeatanddrink.Andwhatifthesamewatercouldbereusedagainandagain?Flynnandhisteamcalltheirpacked-pocketideaWaterWalls.MakingoxygenandtakingawayCO2—thewastegasyoubreatheout—isanotherprobleminspace.“WaterWallswilltakeawayCO2thesamewayit’sdonehereonourEarth—withlivingplants,”Flynnsays.LivingplantstakeinCO2tomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.“Plantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft,soweusealgae,”hesays.Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.Thealgaewillliveinbagsinthewallstoo,fedbyhumanwasteandsunlight,eatingupCO2andmakingoxygenfortheastronautstobreathe.Flynnthinkshisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.HehopesitwillhelpmakeflyingtoMarsarealityverysoon.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“packingaspaceship”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A．repairingthingsinaspaceship B．recyclingthingsinaspaceshipC．checkingthingsinaspaceship D．puttingthingsintoaspaceship35．WhatistheadvantageofFlynn’ssystem?A．Costissaved. B．Travellingtimeissaved.C．Plasticbagsaresaved. D．Foodissaved.36．WhatisonepurposeofFlynn’sideaofWaterWalls?A．Topreventspaceraysduringthespacetrip. B．Tomakethewholespaceshipstronger.C．Tocontrolthetemperatureinthespaceship. D．Toproducewaterinthespaceship.37．Whyarealgaeputintheplasticbags?A．Topreventwaterfrombeingpolluted. B．Toserveasfoodforastronauts.C．Toprovideoxygenforastronauts. D．Tohelpotherplantsgrowinaspaceship.【答案】34．D35．A36．A37．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局的工程師弗林為了解決宇航員在太空中生活而存在的一些問題，提出了把生活用品作為宇宙飛船的一部分。34．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Theroominsidethespaceshipistoolimitedtoholdmanythings.SopackingaspaceshipisahugechallengeforatriptoMars.”可知，宇宙飛船里的空間太有限了，放不下很多東西，因此，把東西放進(jìn)宇宙飛船對(duì)火星之旅來說是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。故此處劃線部分packingaspaceship意為“把東西放進(jìn)宇宙飛船里”。故選D。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“buttheproblemisthatit’stooexpensive”以及“ButFlynn,anengineeratNASA,thinkshehasawayofsolvingtheproblem.”可知，他的系統(tǒng)的好處是沒有那么貴，即節(jié)省了費(fèi)用。故選A。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Allthesemakehardwallsandgreatradiation(輻射)protection.”可知，水墻概念的目的之一就是阻止巨大的輻射。故選A。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thealgaewillliveinbagsinthewallstoo,fedbyhumanwasteandsunlight,eatingupCO2andmakingoxygenfortheastronautstobreathe.”可知，藻類吸收二氧化碳，并為宇航員呼吸制造氧氣。故選C。DTGBWP(theGreatBooksWinterProgram)isanexperiencelikenootherinAmericaneducation.Forthepastelevenyears,TGBWPhasgatheredoutstandingmiddleandhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworldtoreadselectionsfromthegreatestworksofliterature,experiencecollege-levellectures,engageinlivelydiscussionsandenjoywintercampfunwithotherliterary-mindedstudents.HereisasampleofwhatyouwillgetatGreatBooks:Membershipinaninternationalcommunityofenthusiastic(熱情的)younglearnersanddistinguishedcollegeteacherswhoreadanddiscussgreatbooksandbigideas.YouwilldiscussthelikesofPlato,MarkTwain,Dickens,andTolstoywithotherteensfromaroundtheglobewholoveliteraturejustasmuchasyoudo!Findyourvoiceintheclassroom.TGBWPgivesstudentstheopportunitytogrowacademicallyandsociallyastheyprepareforhighschoolandcollege.Opendiscussionsencouragestudentstoexpressthemselvesandgivepowertotheirideas.Studentsgainconfidenceintheirabilitytoreadatextcloselyandexpresstheirideasclearlybothorallyandinwriting.Experiencetimeawayfromhomeandspenditatatopcollege—choosefromtwocampussettings:AmherstCollegeinMassachusettsandStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Thisistheperfectopportunitytopreviewlifeonacollegecampus!Don’tmissthisopportunitytojointhestudentsfrom47statesand28countriesinthisuniquelearningenvironment.CategoriesReading/WritingMusic/Singing/DancingTravelling/TouringAcademic/Pre-CollegeAges11-18TypesOvernight/ResidentialMoreinformation:CLICKHERE38．WhatdoweknowaboutTGBWP?A．Acourseonliteracyskillsimprovement.B．Aneducationdepartmentofuniversities.C．Aprogramsuitableforteenliteraturelovers.D．AcampofstudyingAmericanliterature.39．WhatdoesTGBWPofferitsmembersaccordingtothetext?A．College-levelarteducation.B．Chancestobeacceptedintoworldfamousuniversities.C．Freeliteraturecoursesandliteratureworks.D．Opportunitiestoexperiencecollegelifebeforehand.40．Supposethistextisanad,whatelsemustbeincludedin“Moreinformation”?A．Contactdetails. B．Membershipadvantages.C．Agelimit. D．Activityarrangements.【答案】38．C39．D40．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了TGBWP項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TGBWPhasgatheredoutstandingmiddleandhighschoolstudentsfromacrosstheworldtoreadselectionsfromthegreatestworksofliterature,experiencecollege-levellectures,engageinlivelydiscussionsandenjoywintercampfunwithotherliterary-mindedstudents.”可知，TGBW聚集了來自世界各地的學(xué)生，在那里，他們可以閱讀精選的文學(xué)作品，體驗(yàn)大學(xué)級(jí)的講座，參與熱烈的探討，并與其他有文學(xué)頭腦的學(xué)生一起享受冬令營的樂趣。因此，TGBWP是一個(gè)適合熱愛文學(xué)的青少年的活動(dòng)營地。故選C。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Experiencetimeawayfromhomeandspenditatatopcollege—choosefromtwocampus...theperfectopportunitytopreviewlifeonacollegecampus!”可知，參加TGBWP的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)提前體驗(yàn)大學(xué)校園生活。故選D。40．推理判斷題。Contactdetails聯(lián)系信息；Membershipadvantages會(huì)員優(yōu)勢(shì)；Agelimit年齡限制；Activityarrangements活動(dòng)安排。根據(jù)廣告的文體特點(diǎn)可推斷出，文本中應(yīng)該提供相關(guān)的聯(lián)系方式。故選A。閱讀填空（每小題1分，共5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全短文，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整。Doyouoftendrinkfruitjuiceandthinkitisgoodforyourhealth?41Thisismainlybecausethesedrinkshavealotofsugar.Accordingtoscientists,drinkingtoomuchfruitjuiceisjustlikedrinkingtoomuchsoda(汽水)—theybothhavealotofsugar.Takingintoomuchsugarcancausemanyhealthproblems.Somepeoplemightsaytherearealsovitamins(維生素)infruitjuice.42Inthestudy,“sugarydrinks”weredefined(定義)toincludebothsugar-sweetened(添加糖的)drinkslikesodaand100-percentnaturalfruitjuice.Scientistsfoundthatifpeopleget10percentormoreoftheirenergyfromsugarydrinkseveryday,theywillbe44percentmorelikelytodiefromheartdisease(疾病).43AsJeanWelsh,oneoftheresearchersinthestudy,toldCNN,“Sugarydrinks,whethersoftdrinksorfruitjuice,shouldbelimited(限制).44Inthisway,fewerpeoplewillbuysugarydrinksbecauseoftheirhigherprices.Buthowmuchisacceptable?Herearethesuggestionsfromscientists.45Adultsandchildrenolderthan6shouldnotdrinkmorethan230mleveryday.A．Also,theyare14percentmorelikelytodiefromotherdiseases.B．ThatiswhysomecitiesintheUShaveincreasedpricesofsugarydrinks.C．However,arecentstudyshowsthatdrinkingtoomuchjuicemaycauseearlydeath.D．Kidsbetween1and6yearsoldshoulddrinklessthan170mloffruitjuiceeveryday.E．Buttheamountistoosmalltomakeupfortheharmthatthesedrinksdo.【答案】41．C42．E43．A44．B45．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了果汁不如我們想象的健康以及科學(xué)家的建議。41．根據(jù)“Thisismainlybecausethesedrinkshavealotofsugar.”可知此處講到果汁含糖量高，不好，選項(xiàng)C“然而，最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，喝太多果汁可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致過早死亡。”符合語境。故選C。42．根據(jù)“Takingintoomuchsugarcancausemanyhealthproblems.Somepeoplemightsaytherearealsovitaminsinfruitjuice.”可知果汁中的維生素含量應(yīng)是很少的，選項(xiàng)E“但數(shù)量太少，無法彌補(bǔ)這些飲料的危害?！狈线B貫性。故選E。43．根據(jù)“theywillbe44-percentmorelikelytodiefromheartdisease”可知，他們死于含糖飲料的可能性會(huì)增加44%?？芍?，此處應(yīng)該介紹其他死亡比率。選項(xiàng)A“此外，他們死于其他疾病的可能性高出14%?！狈险Z境。故選A。44．根據(jù)“Sugarydrinks,whethersoftdrinksorfruitjuice,shouldbelimited.”含糖飲料，不管是軟飲料還是果汁，都應(yīng)該限量?？芍?，此處應(yīng)該介紹限量的方法。選項(xiàng)B“那就是美國一些城市提高含糖飲料價(jià)格的原因?！狈险Z境。故選B。45．根據(jù)“Herearethesuggestionsfromscientists.”可知，此處應(yīng)該介紹建議的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D“1到6歲的兒童每天應(yīng)喝少于170毫升的果汁?！狈险Z境。故選D。四、語篇填詞每小題1分，共5分）根據(jù)短文意思及所給單詞的首字母寫出所缺單詞，使其意思通順、語法正確。(每空限填一詞)Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,suchasairpollution,soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.Theyarebadforourh46inmanyways.Burninggas,oilandcoalcreatesairpollution.Peoplemayhavet47breathinginspringinthenorthofChina.Peoplethrowawaymountainsofrubbisheverywhere,whichmakesourenvironmentverydirty.Noisepollutionsometimescanmakepeopled48sosomepeoplemaylosetheirhearing.Workingforalongtimeinstrong,changeablelightmayc49somekindsofillnesses.Itmaymakepeoplefeelterribleandisespeciallybadfortheeyes.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustoa50pollutingtheEarthsothatourplanetwillbecomegreenerandwecanliveabetterlife.【答案】46．(h)ealth47．(t)rouble48．(d)eaf49．(c)ause50．(a)void【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了地球上存在的各種污染對(duì)人類身體造成的危害，我們應(yīng)該杜絕污染，保護(hù)環(huán)境。46．句意：它們?cè)诤芏喾矫鎸?duì)我們的健康有害。根據(jù)“Theyarebadforour…inmanyways.”及首字母可知，此處指環(huán)境污染對(duì)人的健康有害。health“健康”，不可數(shù)名詞，作介詞賓語。故填(h)ealth。47．句意：在中國北方，春天人們可能會(huì)呼吸困難。根據(jù)“Peoplemayhave…breathinginspring”及首字母可知，此處是havetroubledoingsth.“做某事有困難”。故填(t)rouble。48．句意：噪音污染有時(shí)會(huì)使人失聰，因此有些人可能會(huì)失去聽力。根據(jù)“sosomepeoplemaylosetheirhearing”及首字母可知，此處指噪音污染會(huì)讓人失聰。deaf“聾的，失聰?shù)摹保稳菰~，作賓補(bǔ)。故填(d)eaf。49．句意：長時(shí)間在強(qiáng)烈多變的光線下工作可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致某些疾病。根據(jù)“Workingforalongtimeinstrong,changeablelightmay…somekindsofillnesses.”及首字母可知，此處指長時(shí)間在強(qiáng)光下工作會(huì)引起多種疾病。cause“引起”，動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后用其原形。故填(c)ause。50．句意：因此，我們有必要避免污染地球，這樣我們的星球才會(huì)變得更環(huán)保，我們才能過上更好的生活。根據(jù)“itisnecessaryforusto…pollutingtheEarth”及首字母可知，此處是避免污染地球。avoid“避免”，動(dòng)詞，此處是不定式作主語，故用其原形。故填(a)void。五、完成句子（每小題2分，共10分）51．Lucy很有天賦，她輕而易舉地通過了選拔賽。Lucywastalentedshepassedthetrial.【答案】sothatwithoutdifficulty【詳解】對(duì)比中英文可知，本句為so...that...“如此……以至于……”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，“輕而易舉”withoutdifficulty，介詞短語作狀語。故填so；that；without；difficulty。52．為了幫助我與其他球員保持同步，我的隊(duì)友們每周都要和我多練習(xí)三個(gè)小時(shí)。helpmekeeppacewithotherplayers,myteammatesspentthreemorehourswithmeeveryweek.【答案】Inordertopracticing【詳解】分析句子及所給漢意可知，填空處應(yīng)為“為了”和“練習(xí)”；介詞短語inorderto“為了”，后接動(dòng)詞原形；practice“練習(xí)”，為動(dòng)詞；spend+時(shí)間+doing“花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間做……”，故practice應(yīng)變?yōu)閜racticing；句首開頭字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)n；order；to；practicing。53．對(duì)于她來說，完全有可能打敗所有的選手。forherallthecontestants.【答案】It’spossibletobeat【詳解】對(duì)比中英文可知，此空“做某事有可能”，英文表達(dá)為It’spossibletodo，固定句式，it為形式主語，todo不定式為真正的主語；beat“打敗”。故填I(lǐng)t’s；possible；to；beat。54．每天放學(xué)后打鼓有多無聊！toplaydrumsafterschooleveryday!【答案】Howboringitis【詳解】根據(jù)中文句意和句末標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可知本句應(yīng)使用感嘆句。分析句子，中心詞是“無聊”，英文表達(dá)為“boring”，是形容詞，所以該感嘆句用“how”來引導(dǎo)，其語法結(jié)構(gòu)為“How+形容詞/副詞+主謂”；又因?yàn)椤癳veryday”，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填How；boring；it；is。55．首先，他告訴我們?cè)鯓硬拍芘c父母相處得好。First,hetoldusonwellwithourparents.【答案】howwe