激光在不同環(huán)境下燒蝕鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)研究

PAGEIIPAGEI摘要高能聚焦激光和固體金屬鋁靶作用，通過(guò)燒蝕固體靶材產(chǎn)生等離子體，會(huì)使靶材料獲得一定動(dòng)量。在不同的環(huán)境條件下，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究激光能量密度和靶材料的沖量耦合系數(shù)關(guān)系，可以分析環(huán)境條件對(duì)激光燒蝕靶材沖量耦合系數(shù)的影響。在氣體環(huán)境和液體環(huán)境中，激光燒蝕靶材料會(huì)呈現(xiàn)不同規(guī)律。本文先從理論上研究了不同環(huán)境下激光和靶材作用，對(duì)空氣和液體中沖擊波行為進(jìn)行模型分析。接著實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量不同條件下的激光燒蝕鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量方法為壓電傳感器測(cè)量，傳感器為自主設(shè)計(jì)的鋁質(zhì)探頭。實(shí)驗(yàn)分別在氣體環(huán)境和液體環(huán)境兩種不同條件下進(jìn)行。在氣體環(huán)境下，研究?jī)?nèi)容有：（1）研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓下鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)和激光能量密度關(guān)系；（2）改變氣壓，測(cè)量相同能量密度下激光沖量耦合系數(shù)，研究氣壓對(duì)燒蝕鋁靶的影響；（3）改變激光能量密度、研究激光能量密度對(duì)燒蝕鋁靶面半徑的影響。在液體環(huán)境條件下，主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有：（4）水層厚度一定時(shí)，研究激光能量密度對(duì)鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)的影響；（5）研究激光在液體中聚焦位置對(duì)鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)的影響；（6）變換不同液體介質(zhì)，研究液體介質(zhì)性質(zhì)對(duì)鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：氣體環(huán)境中激光燒蝕鋁靶，在改變激光能量密度時(shí)，鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)大小會(huì)受到激光燒蝕鋁靶的速率及等離子沖擊波壓強(qiáng)的影響，并且存在燒蝕閾值時(shí)也會(huì)影響沖量耦合系數(shù)的數(shù)值。液體環(huán)境中激光燒蝕鋁靶，鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)隨激光能量密度變化趨勢(shì)和空氣中近似，但是液體環(huán)境中沖量耦合系數(shù)要明顯高于空氣中。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在液體水柱中，聚焦位置距離靶面越遠(yuǎn)，鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)越小，同時(shí)靶前靶后聚焦效果不同。最后實(shí)驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定條件下，密度大的液體介質(zhì)沖量耦合系數(shù)大，并且沖量耦合系數(shù)還和電離程度的難易有關(guān)。環(huán)境條件；激光燒蝕；激光能量密度；鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)ABSRTACTHighenergyimpulselaserirradiationofsolidmetaltargetcanmakethetargetgetacertainmomentum.Bystudyingtherelationshipbetweenlaserenergydensityandimpulsecouplingcoefficientoftarget,theinfluenceofenvironmentalconditionsontheimpulsecouplingcoefficientcanbeanalyzed.Laserablationoftargetcanpresentdifferentlyingasandliquid.Firstly,theinteractionbetweenlaserandtargetunderdifferentconditionswastheoreticallystudiedinthispaper,andthentheshockwavemodelingasandliquidwasanalyzed.Thentheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasmeasured.Themeasurementofthisexperimentisbyusingpiezoelectricsensorwhichwasdesigneddependentlywiththematerialofaluminum.Experimentswereundertookseparatelyinbothgasandliquid.Inagasenvironment,theresearchcontentareasfollows:(1)Underthestandardairpressure,therelationshipbetweenlaserenergydensityandtheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasresearched;(2)Changingairpressure,theimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasmeasuredunderthesameenergydensity,thentheeffectofairpressureonthealuminumtarget’sablationwasstudied;(3)Whenthelaserenergydensitywaschanged,theeffectsontheradiusofablationaluminumtargetwasstudied.Intheliquid,themainresearchesincludeasfollows:(4)Therelationshipbetweenlaserenergydensityandtheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasresearchedunderacertainlayerthicknessofwater;(5)Theinfluenceoflaserfocuspositioninthewaterontheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasstudied;(6)Theeffectofdifferentliquid’scharacteristicsontheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetwasanalyzed.Theexperimentresultsshowthat:Whentheablationofaluminumtargetoccursundertheconditionofgas,theablationrateandthelaserplasmashockwavepressuremayhaveinfluenceontheimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetindifferentlaserenergydensity,atthesametime,theablationthresholdwouldaffectthevalueoftheimpulsecouplingcoefficient.Whenablationofaluminumisinliquid,thetrendoflaserablationvariationunderdifferentenergydensityisclosedtothetrendingas,butthevalueoftheimpulsecouplingcoefficientinliquidisgreatlyhigherthanintheair.Itwasfoundthatthefartherfocusdistancefromtargetsurface,thesmallervalueoftheimpulsecouplingcoefficientinliquid,andtheresultmayvarydifferentlybeforetargetandbehindtarget.Atlasttheexperimentalsofoundthatthedensityandtheionizationdegreeofliquidmayinfluencetheresult.Whenthedensityandtheionizationdegreeofliquidisbig,thevalueoftheimpulsecouplingcoefficientisbig.Keywords:environmentalconditions;laserablation;theenergydensityoflaser;theimpulsecouplingcoefficientofaluminumtargetPAGE1第一章緒論1.1前言自從激光器問(wèn)世以來(lái)，人們就不斷對(duì)激光和物質(zhì)相互作用進(jìn)行研究。激光作為一種強(qiáng)的電磁波和物質(zhì)作用，服從經(jīng)典的電磁場(chǎng)理論，同時(shí)也涉及量子領(lǐng)域。激光能作用的物質(zhì)很廣泛，從固體物質(zhì)到液態(tài)介質(zhì)，再到氣體物質(zhì)等。并且它以其光強(qiáng)大、單色性好、準(zhǔn)直性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在激光應(yīng)用中得到推廣。其中，激光在航天燒蝕推進(jìn)ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[HYPERLINK\o"Ra?zer,1966#19"1-5]和液體環(huán)境下燒蝕材料ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[HYPERLINK\o"Kim,2004#58"6-9]等方面的研究取很大的進(jìn)展。激光在燒蝕方面的應(yīng)用，主要利用聚焦產(chǎn)生高能量密度的激光來(lái)使靶材料受熱、氣化、蒸發(fā)，達(dá)到燒蝕材料目的。對(duì)于燒蝕推進(jìn)，主要利用激光燒蝕靶材料產(chǎn)生等離子體沖擊壓來(lái)使靶獲得動(dòng)量。一般人們用燒蝕材料比沖和沖量耦合系數(shù)等參數(shù)來(lái)衡量燒蝕效率。比沖為消耗單位質(zhì)量工質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的推力，沖量耦合系數(shù)為消耗單位能量所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)量。激光和傳統(tǒng)的燃料推進(jìn)相比優(yōu)點(diǎn)是具有較高的比沖，同時(shí)具有較大的沖量耦合系數(shù)，并且能量造價(jià)低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>石海霞</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>59</RecNum><DisplayText>[10]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>59</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">59</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>石海霞</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TEACO2激光燒蝕鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究</title></titles><dates><year>2007</year></dates><publisher>中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(電子學(xué)研究所)</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"石海霞,2007#59"10]；其缺點(diǎn)是可提供的激光器能量有限，無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足長(zhǎng)距離推進(jìn)需要，一些材料抗燒蝕能力差，因此不能取代現(xiàn)有的火箭推進(jìn)。對(duì)于激光燒蝕推進(jìn)的發(fā)展歷史可以追蹤到二十世紀(jì)三十年代，俄羅斯航天先驅(qū)FridrikhTsander和德國(guó)HermannOberth分別提出了光壓推進(jìn)的思想。直到1960年，德國(guó)科學(xué)家EugenSanger提出用泵浦固體激光器產(chǎn)生推進(jìn)所需的輻射壓力。Myrabo,LeikN于1998年進(jìn)行了太空推進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Myrabo</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>27</RecNum><DisplayText>[11]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Myrabo,LeikN</author><author>Messitt,DonaldG</author><author>MeadJr,FranklinB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Groundandflighttestsofalaserpropelledvehicle</title><secondary-title>AIAApaper</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AIAApaper</full-title></periodical><pages>1001</pages><volume>98</volume><dates><year>1998</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Myrabo,1998#27"11]，從室外地面用激光推進(jìn)飛行器到空中，對(duì)飛行高度進(jìn)行測(cè)試研究。2000年，美國(guó)用高功率CO2激光器驅(qū)動(dòng)光帆在Wright-Patterson空軍基地進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量，在同一年，Bohn，WillyL研究了測(cè)試了一激光飛行器ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bohn</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>36</RecNum><DisplayText>[12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bohn,WillyL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Laserlightcraftperformance</title><secondary-title>AdvancedHigh-PowerLasersandApplications</secondary-title></titles><pages>48-53</pages><dates><year>2000</year></dates><publisher>InternationalSocietyforOpticsandPhotonics</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Bohn,2000#36"12]。2002年Yabe,Takashi也進(jìn)行了激光推進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yabe</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>45</RecNum><DisplayText>[13]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yabe,Takashi</author><author>Phipps,ClaudeR</author><author>Aoki,Keiichi</author><author>Yamaguchi,Masashi</author><author>Ogata,Yoichi</author><author>Shiho,Makoto</author><author>Inoue,Gen</author><author>Onda,Masahiko</author><author>Horioka,Kazuhiko</author><author>Kajiwara,Itsuro</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Laser-drivenvehicles:frominnerspacetoouterspace</title><secondary-title>InternationalSymposiumonHigh-PowerLaserAblation2002</secondary-title></titles><pages>867-878</pages><dates><year>2002</year></dates><publisher>InternationalSocietyforOpticsandPhotonics</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Yabe,2002#45"13]，主要分析了激光從大氣層到外太空可能遇到的各種狀況。在太空中，激光推進(jìn)效果演示如圖1-1，其底部為高能量激光器，空中為類(lèi)似于光帆的航天器。圖1-1激光推進(jìn)演示激光燒蝕推進(jìn)是一種全新的推進(jìn)方式，它是利用高能激光和靶材料相互作用，將飛行器推進(jìn)一定高度。激光和靶材料作用會(huì)有等離子體產(chǎn)生，形成沖擊波，這種沖擊波會(huì)使靶材料獲得動(dòng)量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pathak</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pathak,Kedar</author><author>Povitsky,Alex</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Modelingofplumedynamicswithshieldinginlaserablationofcarbon</title><secondary-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</full-title></periodical><pages>6359-6365</pages><volume>253</volume><number>15</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0169-4332</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Pathak,2007#62"14]。在不同的環(huán)境條件下，激光和固體材料靶作用沖擊波會(huì)有相應(yīng)的形式。在氣體中，主要有激光支持的空氣燃燒波(LSC波)和爆轟波(LSD波)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Metz</Author><Year>1973</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText>[3]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Metz,S.A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Impulseloadingoftargetsbysubnanosecondlaserpulses</title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>211-213</pages><volume>22</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>1973</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/aip/journal/apl/22/5/10.1063/1.1654613</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>doi:/10.1063/1.1654613</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Metz,1973#49"3]。在液體中，激光沖擊波會(huì)以液體沖擊波形式存在，影響燒蝕的結(jié)果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Karimzadeh</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>61</RecNum><DisplayText>[15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>61</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">61</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Karimzadeh,R</author><author>Anvari,JZamir</author><author>Mansour,N</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Nanosecondpulsedlaserablationofsiliconinliquids</title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsA</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsA</full-title></periodical><pages>949-955</pages><volume>94</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>0947-8396</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Karimzadeh,2009#61"15]。在真空條件下，激光和靶材作用也會(huì)以另外形式存在A(yíng)DDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Phipps</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText>[16]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Phipps,C.R.</author><author>Turner,T.P.</author><author>Harrison,R.F.</author><author>York,G.W.</author><author>Osborne,W.Z.</author><author>Anderson,G.K.</author><author>Corlis,X.F.</author><author>Haynes,L.C.</author><author>Steele,H.S.</author><author>Spicochi,K.C.</author><author>King,T.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ImpulsecouplingtotargetsinvacuumbyKrF,HF,andCO2single‐pulselasers</title><secondary-title>JournalofAppliedPhysics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAppliedPhysics</full-title></periodical><pages>1083-1096</pages><volume>64</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>1988</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/aip/journal/jap/64/3/10.1063/1.341867</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>doi:/10.1063/1.341867</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Phipps,1988#18"16]。激光和靶材料作用會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)環(huán)境介質(zhì)，環(huán)境介質(zhì)的改變會(huì)對(duì)靶材的沖量耦合系數(shù)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。常見(jiàn)的環(huán)境影響因素有空氣的氣壓、液體的密度，外界的濕度、固體靶材料的性質(zhì)等。同時(shí)，激光器自身的影響也存在，比如激光的能量、光斑大小、脈沖寬度、激光波長(zhǎng)等。早期人們主要從理論上對(duì)激光和靶材作用進(jìn)行分析，后來(lái)隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展逐漸有了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。從理論上研究主要分析激光加熱燒蝕固體靶，以及產(chǎn)生等離子體沖擊波等理論。實(shí)驗(yàn)主要探測(cè)激光燒蝕速率、固體靶的比沖、沖量耦合系數(shù)等。隨著研究的進(jìn)展，人們逐漸了解激光燒蝕及其產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力學(xué)效應(yīng)特點(diǎn)。1.2研究狀況人們對(duì)激光燒蝕固體靶研究主要從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)兩方面來(lái)分析。在空氣環(huán)境中，國(guó)外對(duì)激光燒蝕理論方面的研究，最早的在1966年，Ra?zer提出激光沖擊下的氣體加熱和電離理論ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ra?zer</Author><Year>1966</Year><RecNum>19</RecNum><DisplayText>[1]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ra?zer,YuriiPetrovich</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Breakdownandheatingofgasesundertheinfluenceofalaserbeam</title><secondary-title>Physics-Uspekhi</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Physics-Uspekhi</full-title></periodical><pages>650-673</pages><volume>8</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>1966</year></dates><isbn>1063-7869</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Ra?zer,1966#19"1]，很好解釋激光和氣體介質(zhì)作用機(jī)理。1973年P(guān)irriA.N通過(guò)建立空氣沖擊波模型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pirri</Author><Year>1973</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText>[4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pirri,AnthonyN.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Theoryformomentumtransfertoasurfacewithahigh‐powerlaser</title><secondary-title>PhysicsofFluids(1958-1988)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicsofFluids(1958-1988)</full-title></periodical><pages>1435-1440</pages><volume>16</volume><number>9</number><dates><year>1973</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/aip/journal/pof1/16/9/10.1063/1.1694538</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>doi:/10.1063/1.1694538</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Pirri,1973#21"4]，對(duì)高能激光和氣體作用的動(dòng)量傳遞進(jìn)行理論解釋?zhuān)⑶矣懻摿丝諝鉀_擊波的一維和二維情形。在這一階段關(guān)于激光推進(jìn)的研究主要集中在空氣沖擊波理論的研究，而對(duì)激光的純燒蝕研究較少。直到1988年，Phipps,C.R.對(duì)激光在真空燒蝕材料進(jìn)行研究，并且給出了一些燒蝕定律ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Phipps</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>18</RecNum><DisplayText>[16]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Phipps,C.R.</author><author>Turner,T.P.</author><author>Harrison,R.F.</author><author>York,G.W.</author><author>Osborne,W.Z.</author><author>Anderson,G.K.</author><author>Corlis,X.F.</author><author>Haynes,L.C.</author><author>Steele,H.S.</author><author>Spicochi,K.C.</author><author>King,T.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ImpulsecouplingtotargetsinvacuumbyKrF,HF,andCO2single‐pulselasers</title><secondary-title>JournalofAppliedPhysics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAppliedPhysics</full-title></periodical><pages>1083-1096</pages><volume>64</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>1988</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>/content/aip/journal/jap/64/3/10.1063/1.341867</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>doi:/10.1063/1.341867</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Phipps,1988#18"16]。2007年，KedarPathak研究了在出現(xiàn)等離子體屏蔽時(shí)的碳靶沖擊波動(dòng)力學(xué)模型ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pathak</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>62</RecNum><DisplayText>[14]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pathak,Kedar</author><author>Povitsky,Alex</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Modelingofplumedynamicswithshieldinginlaserablationofcarbon</title><secondary-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</full-title></periodical><pages>6359-6365</pages><volume>253</volume><number>15</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0169-4332</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Pathak,2007#62"14]，并且給出燒蝕閾值時(shí)的燒蝕速率與等離子體沖擊波壓力的關(guān)系。ArunK.UpadhyayADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Upadhyay</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Upadhyay,ArunK</author><author>Inogamov,NailA</author><author>Rethfeld,B?rbel</author><author>Urbassek,HerbertM</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ablationbyultrashortlaserpulses:Atomisticandthermodynamicanalysisoftheprocessesattheablationthreshold</title><secondary-title>PhysicalReviewB</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicalReviewB</full-title></periodical><pages>045437</pages><volume>78</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2008</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Upadhyay,2008#63"17]于2008年數(shù)值模擬分析了超短激光脈沖燒蝕碳原子層的閾值產(chǎn)生過(guò)程。激光和固體靶作用實(shí)驗(yàn)研究涉及很廣，下面就介紹一些關(guān)于氣體中燒蝕及燒蝕推進(jìn)等方面的研究。美國(guó)學(xué)者Kantrowitz在1972年，最先從實(shí)驗(yàn)上對(duì)空氣和真空中的石墨靶和鋁靶的沖量耦合系數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kantrowitz</Author><Year>1972</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText>[2]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kantrowitz,Arthur</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Propulsiontoorbitbygroundbasedlasers</title><secondary-title>Aeronaut.Astronaut.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Aeronaut.Astronaut.</full-title></periodical><pages>74-76</pages><volume>10</volume><dates><year>1972</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Kantrowitz,1972#3"2]，發(fā)現(xiàn)沖量耦合系數(shù)在兩種環(huán)境下呈現(xiàn)不同規(guī)律。JamesG.Lunney于1998年用脈沖激光研究燒蝕金屬性質(zhì)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lunney</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText>[18]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">64</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lunney,JamesG</author><author>Jordan,Rory</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Pulsedlaserablationofmetals</title><secondary-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedSurfaceScience</full-title></periodical><pages>941-946</pages><volume>127</volume><dates><year>1998</year></dates><isbn>0169-4332</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Lunney,1998#90"18]，并且對(duì)等離子體沖擊波壓力進(jìn)行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)等離子體沖擊波壓力和等離子體逆軔致吸收激光有很大關(guān)系。2007年Wu,B從理論模型和實(shí)驗(yàn)上研究了高能納秒脈沖激光和鋁靶作用ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wu</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>67</RecNum><DisplayText>[19]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>67</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">67</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wu,B</author><author>Shin,YC</author><author>Pakhal,H</author><author>Laurendeau,NM</author><author>Lucht,RP</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Modelingandexperimentalverificationofplasmasinducedbyhigh-powernanosecondlaser-aluminuminteractionsinair</title><secondary-title>PhysicalReviewE</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicalReviewE</full-title></periodical><pages>026405</pages><volume>76</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Wu,2007#67"19]，尤其是實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定了等離子體密度隨時(shí)間的延遲關(guān)系，很好解釋了激光鋁靶等離子體演變過(guò)程。同年，S.M.Klimentov從實(shí)驗(yàn)上系統(tǒng)地研究ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Klimentov</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText>[20]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">65</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Klimentov,SM</author><author>Garnov,SV</author><author>Konov,VI</author><author>Kononenko,TV</author><author>Pivovarov,PA</author><author>Tsarkova,OG</author><author>Breitling,D</author><author>Dausinger,F</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Effectoflow-thresholdairbreakdownonmaterialablationbyshortlaserpulses</title><secondary-title>PhysicsofWavePhenomena</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicsofWavePhenomena</full-title></periodical><pages>1-11</pages><volume>15</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>1541-308X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Klimentov,2007#65"20]：激光能量密度對(duì)燒蝕速率的影響、外界氣壓和燒蝕速率關(guān)系、靶材厚度與燒蝕速率關(guān)系、同時(shí)研究了在出現(xiàn)和沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)燒蝕閾值是的激光透射率。Sinko,JohnE在2010年對(duì)激光燒蝕材料中的各種參數(shù)進(jìn)行從新評(píng)定，并提出減少試驗(yàn)中測(cè)量誤差需要注意的地方ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sinko</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><DisplayText>[21]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">66</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="ConferenceProceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sinko,JohnE</author><author>Scharring,Stefan</author><author>Eckel,Hans‐Albert</author><author>R?ser,Hans‐Peter</author><author>Sasoh,Akihiro</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MeasurementIssuesInPulsedLaserPropulsion</title><secondary-title>BEAMEDENERGYPROPULSION:6thInternationalSymposium</secondary-title></titles><pages>125-136</pages><volume>1230</volume><dates><year>2010</year></dates><publisher>AIPPublishing</publisher><isbn>0094-243X</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Sinko,2010#66"21]。國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)激光燒蝕推進(jìn)也有相關(guān)的研究。1985年，周大正ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>周大正</Author><Year>1985</Year><RecNum>23</RecNum><DisplayText>[22]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">23</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>周大正</author><author>沙國(guó)河</author><author>楊德政</author><author>王振岐</author><author>白吉玲</author><author>張存浩</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>2.8μm氟化氫激光脈沖在固體表面上產(chǎn)生的激光支持爆震波和沖量</title><secondary-title>中國(guó)科學(xué)A輯</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國(guó)科學(xué)A輯</full-title></periodical><pages>006</pages><volume>2</volume><dates><year>1985</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"周大正,1985#23"22]用波長(zhǎng)為2.8的HF激光器研究固體表面的爆轟波，同時(shí)測(cè)量的激光引沖擊波的動(dòng)量。2001年，張樹(shù)棟ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>張樹(shù)東</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>69</RecNum><DisplayText>[23]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>69</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">69</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>張樹(shù)東</author><author>張為俊</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>激光燒蝕Al靶產(chǎn)生的等離子體中輻射粒子的速度及激波</title><secondary-title>物理學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>物理學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1512-1516</pages><volume>50</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2001</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"張樹(shù)東,2001#69"23]研究了激光燒蝕鋁靶的等離子體輻射速度和產(chǎn)生的沖擊波，對(duì)等離子體的徑向速度隨時(shí)間變化關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。2004年，中科大童慧峰ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>童慧峰</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText>[24]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>童慧峰</author><author>唐志平</author><author>胡曉軍</author><author>龔平</author><author>李靜</author><author>蔡建</author><author>王聲波</author><author>林麗耘</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>“燒蝕模式”激光推進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J]</title><secondary-title>強(qiáng)激光與粒子束</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>強(qiáng)激光與粒子束</full-title></periodical><pages>1380-1384</pages><volume>16</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2004</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"童慧峰,2004#70"24]研究激光燒蝕推進(jìn)，通過(guò)激光束作用在單擺的小球上，測(cè)量擺角，計(jì)算出小球的沖量耦合系數(shù)。張端明ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>71</RecNum><DisplayText>[25]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>71</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">71</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Dan</author><author>Guan,Li</author><author>Li,Li</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anewmodelofpulsedlaserablationandplasmashielding</title><secondary-title>PhysicaB:CondensedMatter</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PhysicaB:CondensedMatter</full-title></periodical><pages>82-87</pages><volume>362</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><isbn>0921-4526</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Liu,2005#71"25]2005年提出一種關(guān)于激光燒蝕和等離子體屏蔽效應(yīng)的新模型，將激光脈沖作用時(shí)間分為燒蝕閾值出現(xiàn)前和出現(xiàn)后，同時(shí)考慮了等離子體散射和逆軔致吸收效應(yīng)。2006年，趙學(xué)慶ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>趙學(xué)慶</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>73</RecNum><DisplayText>[26]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>73</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">73</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>趙學(xué)慶</author><author>劉晶儒</author><author>姜宗福</author><author>張建泉</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>不同激光參數(shù)與真空中鋁的沖量耦合</title><secondary-title>量子電子學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>量子電子學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>213-216</pages><volume>23</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"趙學(xué)慶,2006#73"26]研究了不同激光參數(shù)對(duì)真空中激光燒蝕鋁靶沖量耦合系數(shù)的影響，尤其是激光波長(zhǎng)和激光脈沖寬度對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)值與理論值比較符合。譚榮清ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pakhomov</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>75</RecNum><DisplayText>[27]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>75</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vvv9darpw09wrre5ffrxw0z4tdet522xv2xa">75</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pakhomov,AndrewV</author><author>Lin,Jun</author><author>Tan,Rongqing</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AirpressureeffectonpropulsionwithtransverslyexcitedatmosphericCO2laser</title><secondary-title>AIAAjournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AIAAjournal</full-title></periodical><pages>136-141</pages><volume>44</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><isbn>0001-1452</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[HYPERLINK\o"Pakhomov,2006#75"27]用TEACO2激光器作用在沖擊擺上，研究了