英語-山東省濟(jì)寧市2023屆高三第一次模擬考試

濟(jì)寧市2023年高考模擬考試

英語試題

2023.03

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

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試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

“Iwassleepingonthestreetforninedays.Ifitweren'tforCrisis,Imighthavedied,,,said

Eddie,whowasachefforyears,workinginluxurioushotelsinLondon.Helosthisjobandhishealth

declined.Hespentallhissavingsonrentandwasforcedtoleavehishomewhentheyranout.

Hestayedwithafriend,butitwascrowded,andhisfriendeventuallyaskedhimtoleave.Eddie

foundoutaboutCrisisbychanceandwasreferredtoaCrisisatChristmashotel.

EddiewasgivenaCrisiscoach,whosupportedhiminfindingsomewheretoliveandhewas

givenaphone,whichheusedtolookforwork.Eddieissettledinhisnewhome.Hishealthcondition

ismuchbetterandheislookingforwardtothefuture.

Rightnowthousandsofpeopleatthesharpendofpovertyarebeingpushedintohomelessness.

Peoplearebeingleftwithnooptionsthantogowithoutbasicslikefood,heatingorkeepingaroof

Overtheirheads.

Pleasedonatetodaytoendsomeone'shomelessnessandsupporttoleavehomelessness

behindforgood.

?￡10monthlycouldprovideawarmwelcomeandhelpsomeonetaketheirfirststepsoutof

homelessness.

?￡32monthlycouldhelpfundone-to-onespecialistcoachinginhousing,benefits,well-being

andwork.

?￡64monthlycouldhelpfundoneofoursupportworkerstoassistsomeonetrappedin

temporaryaccommodationinlookingforaffordableandsettledhousing.

?￡100monthlycouldbuyahouseholdstarterkit,filledwithessentialssomeonemightnotbe

abletoafford,tohelpthemsettleintotheirnewhome.

Pleasesearch"CrisisatChristmas,tomakeyourdonation.Hereishow:

∕≤Σ2?ScantheQRcode

08009992060R∞m006,Freepost,CrisisatChristmas1同勖withyourphone

cameratodonate

1.WhatisCrisisatChristmas?

A.Ahotel.B.Ahealthcenter.

C.Anemploymentagency.D.Acharityorganization.

2.Whatdifferencecanyoumaketoabeneficiarywithadonationof￡32monthly?

A.Helpingrentaluxurioushouse.

B.Helpingthrowawelcomeparty.

C.Helpingbuyhouseholdnecessities.

D.Helpinggetpersonalizedguidance.

3.Howmanywaysaretheretomakeadonation?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

B

Bard,Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress,2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantliving

Americanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自傳體的)pieces,includingpublishedand

unpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years.

Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman'slife

fromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.Ratherthanamemoir(回憶錄)，this

energeticcollectionintegratesherstoriesintoContexts-Iiterary,political,spiritual,familial.

InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook,Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetry

fromanearlyage-Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,

talkaboutit,becuriousandCritiCal."ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsand

thesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman'slifeisapleasure.InInterviewwithPoetas,

Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook'ssecondsection,shewrote,“Weneedculturaland

humanitarianrevolution.Weneedpoetrytoremindusofthemagicwehavehadthatneeds

attendanceandrecharge."Hervoiceandvisionhaveacollectivewidth.

Waldmaninsistsoncombiningartwithnearlyeveryaspectofherlife.Bard,Kinetic,atallpoints,

ahigh-energyconstruct,andatallpoints,anenergy-discharge,putsreadersonthepathto

recognizingpoetryasamentalaid,asanactionthatreachesacrossgeography,species,andtime.As

shewroteinthebook'spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywith

adeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary,,.Thesearehighaimsthat

Waldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.Waldmanshines.HerheartCOUldbeOUrheart

ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001),Waldman'sprevious

collectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbook

better.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutBard,KineticbyWaldman?

A.Itisamemoir.

B.Itdocumentsherlifeandwork.

C.Itisherfirstcollectionofpoems.

D.ItistobeissuedbyCoffeeHousePress.

5.What,sthepurposeofparagraph3?

A.Toaddrelevantbackgroundinformation.

B.Tohelpreadersgainpartialinsightintothebook.

C.Topersuadereaderstoconductselectivereading.

D.TointroduceWaldman'swritingstyles.

6.Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentence“Herheartcouldbeourheart√,inparagraph4?

A.Weshouldsticktoourgoals.

B.Weshouldlearnpoemsbyheart.

C.Weshouldseekfameandwealth.

D.Weshouldenjoylifetoourhearts'content.

7.What,sthetext?

A.Adiaryentry.B.Anewsreport.

C.Abookreview.D.Anautobiography.

Manyimportantdecisionsboildowntoachoicebetweenkeepingthesupposedsafetyand

riskinggoingoutforachanceatgettingsomethingevenbetter.Thoughrisk-takingpreferencesvary

betweenindividuals,researchwithhumansshowsthatwe'reallgenerallylesswillingtotakerisksin

situationswithmoreambiguous（模糊的）outcomes."Thefindingshouldalsoapplytorisk-takingin

ChimPS（黑猩猩），OneOfoUrCIoSeSteVOlUtionary（進(jìn)化的）ancestors,,,saidHaux,fromMaxPlanck

InstituteforHumanDevelopment.

Totesttheevolutionaryrootsofhumanriskpreference,Hauxandhiscolleaguesmeasured55

chimpslivinginreservesfortheirriskyandambiguouschoicesinanexperimentalsetting.Ineach

trial,theychoseaballfromoneoftwopots.Onepotwasalwayssafebecauseitcontainedtwoballs

filledwithonepeanuteach.Intheriskycondition,thesecondpotalsocontainedtwoballs,butone

wasfilledwithtwopeanutsandtheotherwithnothing.Intheambiguouscondition,theballsinthe

secondpotstillcontainedtworewardsornothing,butthecontentsinthepotwasentirelyinvisibleto

thechimps.

Onaverage,chimpschosetheriskypotoverthesafepot55%ofthetimebutchosethe

ambiguouspotoverthesafepotinjust25%oftrials.Thissuggeststhatchimps,likehumans,prefer

toavoidsituationswithambiguousversusknownrisks.

“Structuralsimilaritiesinriskpreferencesofhumansandoneofourclosestlivingrelativesare

likelytoreflectadaptationstosimilardynamicsinevolution.Whilemanyotherfactorsmayinfluence

humanrisk-takingpreferences,theparallelsbetweenhumanandchimpbehaviorsuggestthat

evolutionaryadaptionshavehelpedsetaconsistentbaseline,,,Hauxsaid.

Futureworkwillcomparehowtherisk-takingpreferencesofchimpslivinginreservesmaydiffer

fromthoselivinginzoosorinthewild,aswellashowtheycomparetothoseofbonobos,another

closeevolutionaryrelativeofhumans,Hauxadded.

8.Whywastheresearchonriskpreferenceconductedonchimps?

A.Totesttheirintelligencelevel.

B.Toguidethemtomakewisedecisions.

C.Toprovetheevolutionaryconsistency.

D.Todistinguisheachindividual'sdifference.

9.Whichillustratestheriskyconditionintheexperimentalsetting?

（2XΞ）α@o

O?8

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parallels”inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Conflicts.B.Interactions.

C.Misunderstandings.D.Similarities.

11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Therangeofthesubjectswillbeextended.

B.Hauxissatisfiedwiththecurrentresearch.

C.Bonobosareacloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans.

D.Theresearchtopicwillbeshiftedintoanotherfield.

D

Withlunarexplorationrocketing,itposesmanychallenges.Amongthemisafundamental

questionmetrologists（“?量學(xué)家）worldwideareworkingtoanswer：whattimeisitontheMoon?

TheMoondoesn'tcurrentlyhaveanindependenttime.Eachlunarmissionusesitsown

timescaletocoordinateduniversaltime,orUTC-thestandardagainstwhichtheearth'sclocksareset.

TheapproachworkswhentheMoonhostsahandfulofindependentmissions,butitwillbea

problemwhentherearemultiplecraftworkingtogether.Spaceagencieswillalsowanttotrackthem

usingsatellitenavigation,whichreliesonprecisetimingsignals.

Themostpressingneedforlunartimecomesfromplanstocreateadedicatedglobalnavigation

satellitesystem（GNSS）fortheMoon.Totacklethisproblem,representativesofspaceagenciesand

academicorganizationsworldwidemetinNovember2022tostartdraftingrecommendationsonhow

todefinelunartime.

Defininglunartimeisnotsimple.AccordingtotheSpecialTheoryofRelativity,clockstickslower

instrongergravitationalfields.TheMoon'sgravitationalpullisweakerthanEarth's,meaningalunar

clockwouldrunfasterthananEarthone.

Definingalunarstandard,withwhichallclocksarecompared,willinvolveinstallingatleastthree

masterclocksthattickattheMoon'snaturalpace,andwhoseoutputiscombinedbyanalgorithm（算

法）togenerateamoreaccurate'virtual'timepiece.

Whathappensthendependsonwhichoptionmetrologistschoose.Theymightdecidetobase

lunartimeonUTC.ThealternativewouldbetousetheSyntheSiZed（同步）oUtPUtofthelunaratomic

clocksastheMoon'sownindependent,continuoustime,andtotrackitsrelationshiptoUTC.That

way,eveniftheconnectionwithEarthislost,clocksontheMoonwillstillagreewitheachother,

allowingsafenavigationandcommunications.

Settinglunartimeispartofamuchbiggerpicture.Itwillonedayworkforthemore-distant

planetsthatspaceagenciesareultimatelytargeting,suchasMars.

12.What'sthemainideaofparagraph2?

A.TheworkingprincipleofUTC.

B.Theachievementsofspacemission.

C.Theurgencytodevelopsatellitenavigation.

D.Theproblemofcurrentlunartimingmethod.

13.Whatisthemajorbarriertodefininglunartime?

A.Lackofprofessionalguidance.

B.Thedisagreementamongmetrologists.

C.DifferentgravitationalpullontheMoon.

D.Thecomplexityofinstallingmasterclocks.

14.WhafstheadvantageofdefiningtheMoonlsindependenttime?

A.KeepingtheclocksontheMooncorresponding.

B.PreventingspacecraftlosingconnectionwiththeEarth.

C.Helpinghumanslandonthemore-distantplanets.

D.MakingiteasiertosynchronizewithUTCallthetime.

15.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.WhatTimeIsItontheMoon?

B.WhenwillManSettleontheMoon?

C.Lunarexploration：ACareerBoundtoRevive

D.GNSS:AMorePreciseLunarTrackingSystem

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

STEMvs.STEAM

STEMisshortforScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics.Thetermwascoinedby

JudithRamaleywhileadirectoratNationalScienceFoundationin2001.Sincethen,STEM-focused

educationhasbeenextendedtomanycountriesbeyondtheUnitedStates.However,educationisa

constantlyevolvinggame.16Oneofthelatestphilosophiesgainingsteamisaddinganarts

componenttotheSTEMeducationalfocus,thus,creatingtheSTEMvs.STEAMdebate.

ThebelieversinSTEMeducationwantthefocustoremainonthecoreSTEMprinciples._17

Tasksinvolvingproductdesignencouragestudentstodrawandcreate.Addingartswilltakeaway

fromtheoriginalintentionoffocusingontheSTEMdisciplines.

18TheVarguethataddingartstoSTEMisawaytodevelopstrongSTEMstudentswhothink

creatively.Severalstudieshaveshownthatengagingstudents'artsstrengthincreasestheirmotivation

whenitcomestoSTEMactivities.19Furthermore,forkidswhomightbeturnedofffromSTEM

subjectsduetoadislikeofnumbers,highlightingtheartisticcomponentoflessonscanreachoutand

drawthemin.

Whiletheyseemtobeopposed,bothsidesofthisargumentmayhavetherightidea.20

Considerthegrowingfieldofcomputeranimation,whereyoumusthavebothartisticabilitiesand

strongtechnologyfields.Also,themostbasicofallchildren'stoys,woodenblocks,areanincredible

exampleofSTEAMexploration.Theybringdesign,geometry,andengineeringconceptstoour

youngestlearners,settingthemupforalifetimeofcreativethinking.

A.TheSTEAMersdisagree.

B.Actually,scienceandartsareinseparable.

C.Itconsistentlyintroducesnewtheoriesandpractices.

D.Theirideaisthattherearealreadyenoughartsintheirapproach.

E.Thus,goodteachersarealwayslearningtokeeppacewithupdatedknowledge.

F.Italsoimprovestheprobabilityofsuccessincomplicatedtasksandchallenges.

G.TheybelieveaddingartmakestheSTEMcoursesaccessibletomorestudents.

第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Onesnowynight,apairofbeagles（比格犬）wasstrugglingonaruralhighway.Thefather-to-be

lookedaroundanxiously,tryingtoseek21forhisdearcompanion.Frequentlyhewouldlookather

22,feelingguiltyshelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.They

23forawarm,dryplace.Whenher24came,itmustnotbeoutherealongtheroadway.

As25wouldhaveit,GusKiebeLacountywildlifeofficer,whowasdrivinghomefromwork,

spottedthepair.He26totheshoulderoftheroadimmediately.

Thebeaglesmadenoeffortto27whenGusbentdownandstretchedouthishandstothem.Gus

28theirtags(狗牌)byhistruck'sheadlightsandtriedtoring,butthefallingsnow29thescreen.He

placedthedogsinhistruck,30hisphoneandcalledagain.Amanansweredandinstantlygrew

31whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.

a?alreadygavethemaway,,,themanrespondedcoldly.

Obviously,thesebeagleswere32.Meetingtheirlargebeggingeyes,Gusfelthisheart33.

“Puttingthembackinthesnowisoutofthe34,“Gusthoughttohimself,“Imustbringthem

home.”

It'sasimplestory,butitspeakstothebestofournature：Kindnessandlovecankeepcrueltyand

coldat35.

21.A.shelterB.shadeC.instructionsD.routes

22.A.patientlyB.helplesslyC.fondlyD.proudly

23.A.waitedB.preparedC.cheeredD.longed

24.A.troubleB.opportunityC.timeD.turn

25.A.lifeB.IuckC.historyD.news

26.A.pulledoverB.turnedupC.headedoffD.spedup

27.A.submitB.barkC.struggleD.escape

28.A.toreB.adjustedC.untiedD.read

29.A.coloredB.mistedC.dustedD.damaged

30.A.driedB.chargedC.examinedD.grabbed

31.A.persuasiveB.defensiveC.curiousD.grateful

32.A.discoveredB.licensedC.identifiedD.abandoned

33.A.racingB.sinkingC.achingD.beating

34.A.blueB.questionC.wayD.world

35.A.bayB.handC.easeD.peace

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

ChatGPTnetted1millionusersin5days.For36(compare),it,reportedly,tookInstagram2.5

monthstoreachthesamenumberofusers.Prettywild!

ChatGPl；GenerativePre-trainedTransformer,isachatbot37(launch)byOpenAIin

November2022.38(specific)designedtointeractinaconversationalway,itworkslikeawritten

dialoguebetweentheAlsystemandthepersonaskingitquestions.Onceorders39(input),itis

capableofunderstandingthecontextofconversationsandrespondingtoawiderangeofrequestsin

anaturaland40(engage)way.Itmimics(模仿)human-likeresponseswithAl-generatedcontents

41assistspeoplewithtaskslikewritingessays,makingbusinessproposals,creatingpoemsandeven

checkingforprogrambugs.Theoutputsareamazinglyvaried42(depend)onwhoiswritingthe

orders.

Everycoinhastwosides,43thesayinggoes.ThoughChatGPT1Simpressiveefficiencyand

helpfulinformationmighttakebreathaway,itmaysometimesgenerateincorrectorinappropriate

responses.Overall,ChatGPThastaken44bigstepforwardforAl.Willitreplacehuman

intelligenceortakeovercreativetasks?Alarmist?Onlytimewilltell.Rightnow,whatshouldbedone

istodefine45（PoliCV）andguidelines,soitcanbeusedmorallyandresponsibly.

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假設(shè)你是李華。你校英文網(wǎng)站新增了AmaZingehina欄目，請(qǐng)你給該欄目投稿，介紹一個(gè)你

最喜歡的地方。內(nèi)容包括：

1.該地的基本情況；

2.該地的特色；

3.你的印象和感受。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

ThePlaceILikeBest

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

TheRightThing

Mymotherworkedasahousekeeperandshewasoftengivenusedtoysaswellasmanyother

goodiesbyherclients.MyeldersisterandIalwayslovedsharingtherecycledbooksandboardgames

broughthomebymybelovedmom,whichweconsideredgreatgiftslifepresentedus.

Thelong-awaitedChristmasfinallyapproached.OneDecemberday,anoldmodeltoycararrived

intheloadofgoods.Itwasaslongasmyforearmandtookbothhandstolift.Mysisterdidn'twantit,

soitwasallmine.Iimmediatelysetdowntowipingitcleanandpolishingittoabrightcandy-apple

red.Itturnedtobeathingofbeauty,andIbecameoverjoyedatpossessingit.Myeldersisterwas

amazedatthenewly-polished,refreshingtoycar,withahintofregretandenvyinhereyes.

Aswasplanned,ourrelativesfromFrancecametovisitusthatChristmas.Itwasatimewhenthe

familybondgotstrengthened.IsharedtheprizedtoycarwithAlex7myyoungFrenchcousin.Eyes

gluedtoit,hefellinlovewiththewonderful,shinyredautomobiletheinstanthesawit.Itwasarare

momenttoseehimfeelingsorelievedandhappy.He'dbeenunluckysofarinlife,sufferingsevere,

life-threateningillnessesasachild,leavinghimmentallyandphysicallystuckandthefamilystarvedof

cash.Ofcourse,suchlovelytoyslikemydearmodelcarwereunreachabledreamsforhim.

SeeingAlex'sconsumingthrillbroughtbytheredcar,Iwasseizedbyimmensejoyaswell.But

contrarytoAlex'sexcitement,avoiceinsidemeconstantlyreminded,uWatchout!He'dkeepitfor

himself.”,whichgotmefaintlyworried.Ifollowedmycousinforfearofsomething.

MymotheralsonoticedAlex'sfondnessforthecar.Approachingme,sheaskedgentlyinalow

voice,uWouIdyouliketogiveittoAlex?”

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Givingorkeeping?Istruggled