全國乙卷 2024屆高三英語高考模擬風(fēng)向卷02解析版

2024屆高三英語高考模擬風(fēng)向卷02（全國乙卷）（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whereistheboyatthemoment?A．Inhisbedroom. B．Inthebathroom. C．Onafootballfield.【答案】A【原文】W:Peter,whydidyouputyourfootballclothesonthebathroomfloor?Itoldyoutoputitstraightintothewashingmachine.Getoutofthebedanddoitnowplease.M:Okay,Mom.Sorry.2．Whatdoesthewomanthinkpretty?A．Thecity. B．Thesnow. C．Thecar.【答案】B【原文】M:There’snothinggoodaboutwinter.It’salwayssocoldandwindyinthiscityatthistimeofyear.IwishIhadacartotravelin.W:Ithinkthesnowlooksprettywhenitcomes.3．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Working. B．Apologizing. C．Expressingherthanks.【答案】B【原文】W:Jerry,I’msorry.Pleaseforgiveme.M:Forgetit,Beth.W:Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.WhatcanIdotomakeitrightbetweenus?M:Itdoesn’tmatter.4．Wheredosetheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inahospital. B．Inaschool. C．Atadrugstore.【答案】B【原文】M:Mrs.Stevens,mygirl,Bridget,hasbeencomplainingofasorethroatandrunningnose.Couldyoupleasegivehersomeextraattentiontoday?W:Don’tworry.Allthekidswillbetakengoodcareofhere.5．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife. B．Co-workers. C．Salesmanandcustomer.【答案】B【原文】W:Howarethingscomingalongwithournewproducts?M:I'mhavingdifficultiesfiguringoutwhichagegroupweshouldtarget.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhatdoesthemaninviteGracetodotonight?A．Attendaparty. B．Gotothelibrary. C．Gooverthelessons.7．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Acomingexam. B．Somenewemojis. C．Apopulargame.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:Hey,Grace,it’sme.Itextedyoutoaskifyouwouldcometomyhousewarmingpartytonight,butyoujusttextedbackastrangeemoji.Whatdoesitmean?W:It’sa“shakinghead”emoji.I’vegotanexamtomorrow,soIhavetostayinthelibrarythewholedaytoday.Sorry.M:Allright.Theemojireallyconfusedme.I’veneverseenthatbefore.W:Well,somenewemojiswerejustreleasedthismonth,includinga“shakinghead”anda“familiargoose”.M:A“familiargoose”?W:Yeah,itwasinspiredbythehotpuzzlestealthgame—UntitledGooseGame.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Howoftendoesthewomanwalktowork?A．Twodaysaweek. B．Threedaysaweek. C．Fourdaysaweek.9．Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutsharedbikes?A．Thespeed. B．Theexpense. C．Theparkingsituation.10．Wherewillthemangonext?A．Hisoffice. B．Hishome. C．Thesubwaystation.【答案】8．B9．C10．A【原文】W:Doyoustillrideasharedbikefromyourhometothesubwaystation?M:OfcourseIdo.Howaboutyou?W:IdoitonMondaysandTuesdays.OnWednesdays,ThursdaysandFridaysIgotoworkonfoot.Ithinkitisgoodexercise.M:That’salongway.W:Icountthestepsonmysmartphone,15,000eachday.M:Thosethingsaren’taccurate.W:Well,let’sjustsayIdoalotofstepseachday.Stepsarekeepingmehealthy.M:Ridingabikeisexerciseaswell.Plus,it’scheapandquicker.W:Ilovethosesharedbikes,butIhatetoseethembeingpiledupandblockingentrancesandsidewalks.M:SodoI.Theindustrygrewmorequicklythananyoneanticipated.NowI'mheadingbacktotheoffice,soanygoodadviceofexercise-cyclingorwalking?Iwonderwhichisthebestformofexercise.W:It’shardtosay.Eitherofthemishelpful.M:Itmakessense.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthemandoing?A．WatchingTV. B．Readingthenewspaper. C．SurfingtheInternet.12．HowmanypeoplewerekilledbythestorminMadagascar?A．19. B．48. C．130.13．WhatistheprobleminMalawi?A．Foodcan’tbesenttotheaffectedareas.B．StormBatsiraiishittingthecountry.C．Noeffortwasmadetohelpit.【答案】11．C12．B13．A【原文】W:Whatareyoudoing,Mike?M:I’mreadingsomeonlinenewsaboutthetropicalstormAna.IthasbroughthugefloodstoMalawi,andcausednearly200,000peopletoleavetheirhomes.W:That’sveryterrible.Ihopenobodyhasgotkilled.M:Unfortunately,atleast19peoplediedinMalawi,andhundredswerehurtaftermorethanaweekofheavyrain.W:IsMalawitheonlycountryhitbythestorm?M:No.MadagascarandMozambiquehavealsobeenhitbyit.InMadagascar,48peopledied,and130,000peoplewereforcedtoleavetheirhomestoshelters.W:I’msurethecountriesneedhelpnow.M:You’reright.Butheavyrainhasstoppedthegovernmentfromtransportingfoodtotheaffectedareas,anditcutoffMalawi’smainhighway.Whatisworse,weatherservicesintheareawarnedofstormBatsiraithatisbuildingintheIndianOcean,anditmayhitthecountriesinthecomingdays.W:That’shorrible.Ireallyhopethere’llbenomoresuchextremeweathereventsintheworld.M:Topreventthemfromhappening,weshoulddomorefortheenvironment.W:Iagree.Buthow?聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Intheoffice. B．Inacar. C．Atschool.15．Whyisthemansleepy?A．Hedidn’tsleepwelllastnight.B．Hedidn’tsleepatalllastnight.C．Hesleptlatelastnight.16．What’swrongwiththeman’sfather?A．Hehassometroublewithhisheart.B．Hehasabadcough.C．Hehasachestpain.17．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Takemoremedicine. B．Dosomeexercise. C．Askforaleave.【答案】14．B15．B16．A17．C【原文】W:Takecare!Youaredrivingofftheroad.M:I’msorryIwasn’tnoticing.W:Youseemtobequitesleepy.Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:Ididn’tsleepthewholenight.W:Why?M:IwatchedTVuntilmidnight.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenmyfathersuddenlygotill.SoIhadtotakehimtothehospital.W:Isyourfatherseriouslyill?M:Yes,very.Thedoctorsayshehastostayinhospitalforsometime.W:Butwhat’swrongwithhim?M:Hehassomethingwrongwithhisheart.W:Whynotaskforleavethismorning?Isuggestyounotgotoworkthismorningandtakeagoodrestathome.M:No,Ican’t.I’mstillnewintheoffice.W:Then,letmedrivethecar.M:Thankyou.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．A．Whatcausesfearfulnessexternally.B．Whymiceareparticularlyfearfulanimals.C．Whetherfearfulnessisinheritedornot.D．Howanimalsreacttofrighteningsituations.19．A．Theywanderedaroundthebox.B．Theybredagainandagain.C．Theycouldn’tfindahidingplace.D．Theyremainedclosetoonewall.20．A．Somechangesinthenervoussystem.B．Theinterferencefromhumanbeings.C．Thesizeofnervecellsinthebrain.D．Theexistenceofcertainnervecells.【答案】18．C19．D20．D【原文】Thissemesterwe’vebeenlookingatfearfrombiologicalperspective.Whilesomeoneaskedwhetherthetendencytobefearfulisgenetic,somestudiesdonewithmiceindicatedthatmammalsdoinheritfearfulnesstosomedegree.Inonestudyforinstance,agroupofmicewereplaceinthebrightlylitopenboxeswithnohidingplaces.Someofthemicewanderedaroundtheboxanddidn’tappeartobebotheredaboutbeingsoexposed.Butothermicedidn’tmove.Theystayedupagainstonewall,whichindicatesthattheywereafraid.Whenmicelikethiswerebredwithoneanotherrepeatedly,afterabout12orsogenerations,thenallofthemiceshowsimilarsignsoffearfulness.Andevenwhenthenewbornmicefromthisgenerationwereraisedbyamotherandwithothermicewhowerenotfearful,thosemicestilltendtobefearful.Now,whyisthis?Well,it’sthoughtthatthespecificgeneinanimalbodieshaveinfluencedtheanxiousbehavior.Thesegenesareassociatedwithparticularnervecellsinthebrain.Andthedegreeofoverallfearfulnessinthemammalseemstodependinthelargepartonthepresenceorabsenceofthesenervecells.Andthisappearstoapplytohumansaswellbytheway.Questions:14.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?15.Howdidsomeofthemiceinthestudyshowthattheywereafraid?16.Accordingtothespeaker,whatleadstoamammal’stendencytobefearful?第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APostOfficeLocations&HoursUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)offersmailingandshippingservices.SearchforaUSPSlocationnearyoutoseetheavailableservicesandholidayclosinghours.Youcanalsofindsmallerpostalunits,retailersthatsellstamps,bluecollectionmailboxes,and24-hourUSPSkiosks(小亭).USPSHolidayServiceScheduleAllpostofficelocationswillbeclosedonChristmasDay(Dec.25)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1).Regularpostofficehoursandmaildeliverywillresume(恢復(fù))aftereachholiday.BusinessCustomers:CheckyourBulkMail(大宗郵件)EntryUnitforhoursofoperation.December24(ChristmasEve);December25(ChristmasDay);December31(NewYear’sEve);January1(NewYear’sDay).●Localpostofficelocationswillbeclosed.●BlueCollectionBoxes:Mailwillnotbepickedup.●Regularmailwillnotbedelivered.●PriorityMailExpressmailwillbedelivered.Note:●DeliveriesonChristmasEve(Dec.24)andChristmasDay(Dec.25)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.●Notaguarantee,unlessotherwisenoted.ForPriorityMailExpressshipmentsmailedfromDecember22toDecember25,themoney-backguaranteeappliesonlyiftheshipmentwasnotdelivered,ordeliverywasnotattempted,withintwobusinessdays.●DeliveriesonNewYear’sEve(Dec.31)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.21．Onwhichdaycanyoumailthingsasusualatalocalpostoffice?A．Dec.24. B．Dec.25. C．Dec.30. D．Dec.31.22．WhatshouldyoudotogetyourmaildeliveredonNewYear’sDay?A．Payextrafees. B．Reserveinadvance.C．Callthelocalpostoffice. D．Waitoutsidethepostoffice.23．Whereisthetextmostlikelytakenfrom?A．Atestreport. B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anofficialwebsite. D．Anentertainmentmagazine.【答案】21．C22．A23．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了郵局地點(diǎn)和營業(yè)時(shí)間。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的時(shí)間表可知，12月24日“Localpostofficelocationswillbeclosed.(當(dāng)?shù)剜]局將關(guān)閉)”；12月25日“BlueCollectionBoxes:Mailwillnotbepickedup.(藍(lán)色收集箱；郵件將不會被取走)”；12月31日“Regularmailwillnotbedelivered.(普通郵件將不予投遞)”，故只有12月30日可以像往常一樣在當(dāng)?shù)剜]局寄東西，故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“DeliveriesonNewYear’sEve(Dec.31)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.(新年前夕（12月31日）和元旦（1月1日）的配送只在有限的地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行。這些送貨將收取額外費(fèi)用)”可知，元旦那天郵寄東西需支付額外費(fèi)用，故選A。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章標(biāo)題“PostOfficeLocations&Hours(郵局地點(diǎn)和營業(yè)時(shí)間)”可知，文章主要介紹了郵局地點(diǎn)和營業(yè)時(shí)間，應(yīng)是出自郵局的官網(wǎng)。故選C。BMoststudentsspendtheirschooldayssittingatdeskslearning.AureliousWoolfolk,however,doesalotmorethansitatadeskwhenheisinschool.Heclimbsuphighladders,walksdownthesidesofbuildings,andridesinafireengine.HeislearningtobeafirefighterattheNewHavenFireAcademy.Woolfolkand28otherstudentsarecurrentlylearningwhatittakestobecomeafirefighter.Fortwodayseachweek,thestudentssitinaclassroomtolearnthescienceoffires,howtocalculatewaterpressure,andhowtotreatmedicalemergencies.Duringtheotherthreedays,thestudentsgooutsideandlearnhowtohookhoses(塑料管，軟管)tofirehydrants(消防栓),climbbuildings,rescuepeopletrappedinburningbuildings,andmanyotherthings.“Firefightershavetoknowlotsofdifferentthings,”saidPabloMenendez,aninstructorattheschool.“Wehavetotreatmedicalemergencies,knowhowtohandledangerouschemicals,andrescuepeoplewhohavefallenfrommountains.”Teamworkisoneofthemostimportantlessonsstudentslearnattheschool.“Workingtogethersaveslives,”saidCapt.WilliamSeward,thedirectoroftheacademy.“Studentsneedtolearnthattheyarepartofateam.”Fightingfiresisnoteasy.Thesuitsandequipmentafirefighterwearsweighabout40pounds.Firefightersareverybusy.InNewHaven,theyrespondto32,000emergencycallsayear.Eachtimefirefightersgoout,theyknowtheymightnotcomeback.“That’swhythelessonslearnedhereattheacademyaresoimportant,”saidSeward.“Whattheylearnherecansavetheirlives.”Firefightersknowhowdangeroustheirjobsare.Theirtraininghelpsthemovercometheirfearofheightsandfires.“Whenyou’reupthereontheladderlookingdown,it’sscary,”saidonestudent.“Todothisjob,you’vegottowipeoutthefear.”Firefightersovercometheirfearforonereason.“Iwantedtohelpotherpeople,”saidLeahHarwin.“Ithinkitisimportanttohelpotherpeoplewheneveryoucan.”24．Accordingtothetext,whichactivitydoesastudentatNewHavenFireAcademycomplete?A．Calculatingtheweightofsuits. B．Hookinghosestoladders.C．Walkingdownthefirehydrants. D．Dealingwithdangerouschemicals.25．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A．Moststudentsattheschoolaregreatteamplayers.B．Somefirefightersaremuchmoreskilledthanothers.C．Firefightersmustworktogethertodothejobsuccessfully.D．Firefightersaremostsuccessfulwhentheyworkontheirown.26．WhydostudentsattheFireAcademyhavelessonsbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom?A．Becausetheymakestudentsovercomethefearofheights.B．Becausetheyteachstudentshowtocalmdowninemergency.C．Becausetheyprovidestudentswithoverallskillstosavelives.D．Becausetheygetstudentstoknowhowtowearheavysuitsandequipment.27．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthistext?A．Toinformthereadersofthedangersofbeingafirefighter.B．TointroducetheactivitiesattheNewHavenFireAcademy.C．TocomparetheNewHavenFireAcademytopublicschool.D．TopersuadestudentstoattendtheNewHavenFireAcademy.【答案】24．D25．C26．C27．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了在大多數(shù)學(xué)生每天上學(xué)坐在書桌旁學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，AureliousWoolfolk和28位其他學(xué)生在紐黑文消防學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)如何成為消防員的情況。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wehavetotreatmedicalemergencies,knowhowtohandledangerouschemicals,andrescuepeoplewhohavefallenfrommountains.(我們必須處理醫(yī)療緊急情況，知道如何處理危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，并營救從山上墜落的人。)”可知，紐黑文消防學(xué)院的學(xué)生需要處理危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Teamworkisoneofthemostimportantlessonsstudentslearnattheschool.(團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是學(xué)生在這所學(xué)校學(xué)的最重要的課程之一。)”和“Workingtogethersaveslives(團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作可以拯救生命)”可知，在消防學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要課程就是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，只有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作才能夠更好地拯救生命。由此可推測出，消防員必須進(jìn)行團(tuán)隊(duì)合作才能做好工作。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fortwodayseachweek,thestudentssitinaclassroomtolearnthescienceoffires,howtocalculatewaterpressure,andhowtotreatmedicalemergencies.Duringtheotherthreedays,thestudentsgooutsideandlearnhowtobookhosestofirehydrants,climbbuildings,rescuepeopletrappedinburingbuildings,andmanyotherthings.(每周有兩天，學(xué)生們坐在教室里學(xué)習(xí)火災(zāi)科學(xué)、如何計(jì)算水壓以及如何處理醫(yī)療緊急情況。在另外三天里，學(xué)生們走出去，學(xué)習(xí)如何預(yù)訂消防栓的軟管、攀爬建筑物、營救被困在燃燒的建筑物中的人，以及許多其他事情。)”可知，學(xué)生們在室內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)火災(zāi)等方面的理論知識，在室外進(jìn)行實(shí)踐。由此可推測出，學(xué)生們要在室內(nèi)和室外學(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)檫@可以讓學(xué)生具備當(dāng)消防員的專業(yè)技能和腦力，即全面的技能。故選C。27．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“AureliousWoolfolk,however,doesalotmorethansitatadeskwhenheisinschool.(然而，AureliousWoolfolk在學(xué)校里做的遠(yuǎn)不止坐在桌子旁。)”以及“HeislearningtobeafiretighterattheNewHavenFireAcademy.(他正在紐黑文消防學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)消防員。)”和第二段中的“Woolfolkand28otherstudentsarecurrentlylearningwhatitakestobecomeafirefighter(Woolfolk和其他28名學(xué)生目前正在學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一名消防員。)”可知，本文主要介紹了AureliousWoolfolk和28位其他學(xué)生在紐黑文消防學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)如何成為消防員的情況，主要是想向讀者介紹這一活動。故選B。CEachyear,morethan27million.U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.AU.S.governmentprogramstartedin2012offeredschools’moneyspentoncleanerschoolbusesbutnotallschoolscouldgetit.Fiveyearslater,emissionsfrombusesinthewinningdistrictsfell.Andayearaftergettingnewbuses,studentattendancehadimprovedinthosedistricts.Foranaveragedistrictof10,000students,aboutsixmorestudentsattended‘schooleachday’inthewinningdistricts,comparedtothelosingdistricts.Winningschoolswithhigherratesofbus-ridingkidshadanaverageof14morestudentsinclasseachday.Andwinningdistrictsthatreplacedtheoldestschoolbuses?Theyhadanaverageof45morestudentsinschooleachday.Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.Astudydoneonadultsshowedthatabriefexposuretodieselemissionsreduced“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.Inotherstudies,suchnetwork-connectivitychangeshavebeenlinkedtoworsenedmemoryandmentaltasks.AWashingtonStateprogramupgradedpollutioncontrolsinolddieselbuses.Afterward,fewerkidswerehospitalizedinthosedistrictsthaninschoolswithoutbusupgrades.AlmostallU.S.schooldistrictscanapplyfortheprogram.Butschoolsinlow-incomeareas,intribalareasand,inruralareaswillgetpriority.Kidsintheseareastendtofacethemosthealthrisksfromolderbuses.28．Whatcanweinferaboutdieselschoolbusesfromthefirstparagraph?A．Theyhaveashortservicelife.B．Theyoperatecost-effectively.C．Theyaccommodatefewpassengers.D．Theydomuchharmtoschoolchildren.29．Whyistheincreaseinschoolattendancesmallbutimportant?A．Itisalongaccumulation. B．Itisawinningcondition.C．Itisameasuringstandard. D．Itisastudentachievement.30．Howdoesthebusreplacementbringbetterstudentattendance?A．Byreducingthenetworkconnectivity.B．Bybetteringthehealthstateofstudents.C．Byimprovingstudentsatisfactionwithschools.D．Bymeetingstudents’demandforschoolbusdrivers.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．The“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.B．Thegreatworkoncleanerschoolbuses.C．AU.S.governmentprogramforeducation.D．Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses.【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國校巴更新計(jì)劃如何減少柴油污染，提高學(xué)生出勤率和健康水平。老舊巴士被指出對學(xué)生健康不利，新巴士實(shí)施后出勤有所改善。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.”（美國和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽車上學(xué)。這些公共汽車大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所產(chǎn)生的污染會讓乘客吸入。柴油校車內(nèi)的污染水平可能比外面高幾倍。為什么？污染可以從（校車）地板漏進(jìn)來，或者從窗戶吹進(jìn)來。）可知，從第一段我們可以推斷出柴油校車對學(xué)生有很大的危害。故選D項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.”（這些數(shù)字聽起來可能很小，但積少成多。出勤率對學(xué)生的成績很重要。近300萬美國兒童乘坐的校車年齡超過20歲。如果美國的學(xué)區(qū)更換了所有的舊巴士，那么就只有1輛了。每年減少300萬學(xué)生缺勤。）可知，學(xué)校出勤率的增加很小卻很重要是因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)積累的過程。故選A項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.”（提高出勤率可能還有其他原因。例如，也許孩子們更喜歡新公交車。然而，學(xué)生缺勤減少最有可能的原因是健康狀況好轉(zhuǎn)。）可知，公交車更換通過改善學(xué)生的健康狀況來提高學(xué)生出勤率。故選B項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。全文主要談?wù)摰氖歉鼡Q新校巴帶來的更好的學(xué)生出勤率。文中詳細(xì)說明了美國某些學(xué)區(qū)采取行動換新巴士后，學(xué)生的出勤情況如何改善，以及這一改變?nèi)绾畏e極影響到學(xué)生的健康和學(xué)習(xí)成績。盡管文中也提到了美國政府的項(xiàng)目和對大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接性的研究，但這些都是為了支持主題。因此D選項(xiàng)“Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses”（由于有了新的校車，出勤率提高了。）正確地反映了文本的主旨。故選D項(xiàng)。DNorwegianplaywrightandauthorJonFossehasjustbeenawardedthe2023NobelPrizeinLiteratureforhis“innovativeplaysandprosewhichgivevoicetotheunsayable”.TheSwedishAcademycreditsFosseas“oneofthemostwidelyperformedplaywrightsintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,beginningwithRed,Blackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.“Hisliteraryworks,spanningavarietyofgenres(體裁),comprisesabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children’sbooksandtranslations,”saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature.JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggles,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.Growingupinasmallcoastalvillage,Fossewasimmersedinthebeautyofnatureandthevastnessofthesea,whichfilledhimwithasenseofsolitudeandintrospection(內(nèi)省)thatisreflectedinhisworks.Fosse’swritingdiscussedthemesofdesolateness(孤獨(dú)，蒼涼),longing,andthesearchformeaninginlife.Additionally,hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabledhimtoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdes-pair.“Hetouchesyousodeeplywhenyoureadhisworks,”saidAndersOlsson.“Whatisspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyourdeepestfeelings-anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath-whicharethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.InthatsenseIthinkhereachesveryfarandthereisasortofauniversalimpactofevery-thingthathewrites-ithasappealtothisbasichumanity.”Fosseisthefirst-everlaureatewritinginNynorsk,oneofthetwoofficiallanguagesofNorwegian,butonlyusedbyjust10%ofthepopulation.AsTheGuardianwrites,“ManyNynorskspeakersseeFosse‘a(chǎn)sakindofnationalhero’forhischampioningofthelanguage.”Fosse’srecognitiononaglobalstagepromotesthevisibilityandimportanceofNynorskasawrittenstandard.ItwillattractmoreattentiontoNynorskliterature,inspireandencourageNynorskspeakerstocontinuepreservingandpromotingtheirlinguistic(語言的)heritage.32．WhatdoweknowaboutJonFossefromparagraph2?A．HismostpopularworkistheplayRed,Black.B．Heaccomplishedvariousgenresofliteratureworks.C．Manyfamousplaysaretheinspirationforhiswriting.D．HislanguageskillsearnedhimtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.33．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．JonFosse’stoughexperiences.B．JonFosse’smotivationforwriting.C．ThemajorthemesofJonFosse’sworks.D．TheeffectofJonFosse’slifeonhiswritingstyle.34．WhatisspecialaboutJonFosse’sworksaccordingtoAndersOlsson?A．Theyexplorethemeaningoflife.B．Theytouchhuman’sdeepestemotions.C．Theyshowthebondbetweenhumansandnature.D．Theyappealtoreaderstofocusonpersonalfeelings.35．WhatcontributionofJonFosseismentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Heexplainstheimportanceoflinguisticdiversity.B．HehasimprovedtheinternationalstatusofNorway.C．HepromotesthedevelopmentandpreservationofNynorsk.D．HeshapesthebasicwritingstandardofNorwegianliterature.【答案】32．B33．D34．B35．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了挪威劇作家兼作家JonFosse因其“為無法言說的事物發(fā)聲的創(chuàng)新戲劇和散文”而獲得2023年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，并且他在各種體裁的文學(xué)作品中都有所建樹。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“‘Hisliteraryworks,spanningavarietyofgenres(體裁),comprisesabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children’sbooksandtranslations,’saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature.(諾貝爾文學(xué)委員會主席AndersOlsson說：‘他的文學(xué)作品涵蓋了各種類型，包括大約40部戲劇和大量的小說、詩集、散文、兒童讀物和翻譯作品?！?。)”可知，JonFosse在各種體裁的文學(xué)作品中都有所建樹。故選B項(xiàng)。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggles,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.(JonFosse的創(chuàng)作靈感來源于他的鄉(xiāng)村生活環(huán)境和個(gè)人奮斗，這些都深深影響了他獨(dú)特的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。)”等內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了JonFosse的生活對其寫作風(fēng)格的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Whatisspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyourdeepestfeelings-anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath-whicharethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.(他的特別之處在于他的作品的親密性。它觸及你最深切的感受——焦慮、不安全感、生與死的問題，這些都是每個(gè)人從一開始就面臨的問題。)”可知，JonFosse作品的特別之處在于其觸及了人類內(nèi)心最深處的情感。故選B項(xiàng)。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AsTheGuardianwrites,“ManyNynorskspeakersseeFosse‘a(chǎn)sakindofnationalhero’forhischampioningofthelanguage.”Fosse’srecognitiononaglobalstagepromotesthevisibilityandimportanceofNynorskasawrittenstandard.ItwillattractmoreattentiontoNynorskliterature,inspireandencourageNynorskspeakerstocontinuepreservingandpromotingtheirlinguistic(語言的)heritage.(正如《衛(wèi)報(bào)》所寫，許多說尼諾斯克語的人把JonFosse視為‘某種民族英雄’，因?yàn)樗葱l(wèi)了這門語言。JonFosse在全球舞臺受到了認(rèn)可，這提升了尼諾斯克語作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面語的知名度和重要性。它將吸引更多的人關(guān)注尼諾斯克語文學(xué)，激勵和鼓舞尼諾斯克語使用者繼續(xù)保護(hù)和弘揚(yáng)他們的語言遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，該段講述了JonFosse促進(jìn)了尼諾斯克語的發(fā)展和保護(hù)這一貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asanimportantpieceoflifesavingequipment,atalllifeguardchairisoftenseenonbeaches,atlakesandcommunitypools.36.Thedesignofthelifeguardchairoffersseveraladvantagesthathelppreventswimmingaccidentsandincreasethesafetyofswimmers.Alifeguardchairisoftentall,sometimeswithaladderattachedtooneside.Theheightofalifeguardchairhastwodistinctadvantages.First,itoffersthelifeguardanunblockedviewofthewaterhe/sheisguarding,allowinghim/hertowatchswimmerscarefullyforsignsofdanger.37.Somelifeguardchairsarequitebasic,butothershaveseveralfeaturestomakethejobofthelifeguardmucheasier.38.Aslifeguardsoftenworklonghoursinsunnylocations,asunshadecanpreventthemfromseveresunburn.Alifeguardchairmayalsohavehooksandcompartmentsforlifesavingtools,makingthemeasytoreachinanemergency.Lifeguardchairsareusuallymadeofwood.Nowadaysresinisalsoused.39.Manylifeguardchairsarepaintedwhitetomakethemstandoutfromotherobjectsaroundthem.40,butit’snottheonlythinglifeguardsneed.Therearemanyotherdevicesusedbylifeguardstodotheirjobcorrectly.Forexample,lifeguardsoftenusealoudspeakertowarnswimmersagainstbadbehavior.Theymayalsoprepareafirstaidboxtohelpinjuredpeopleaswellasprotectthemselvesfromharm.A．ButmetalisrarelyusedasitheatseasilyinthesunandcancausediscomfortB．ThesedevicescanbefixeddirectlyontoalifeguardchairC．LifeguardsmaydootherthingsbesidesguardingthepoolD．Alifeguardsitsonit,keepinganeyeonswimmersandthewaterE．AlifeguardchairisaveryimportantpieceoflifesavingequipmentF．AlifeguardchairmayfeatureasunshadetoprotectlifeguardsfromthesunG．Meanwhile,ithelpsswimmersidentifythelifeguardquicklyincaseofemergency【答案】36．D37．G38．F39．A40．E【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了救生員所用的救生座椅及其他救生物品。36．前文“Asanimportantpieceoflifesavingequipment,atalllifeguardchair