2023-2024學(xué)年福建省龍巖市一級校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE3福建省龍巖市一級校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAustriaClassTripClass4Awillsoonbeleavingforthisyear'striptoSalzburg,Austria.Wewilldepartfromthecampusat6a.m.onJanuary18thtocatchthe9a.m.flight.Ourreturnflightleavesat8a.m.onJanuary21st,andwewillexpecttoarrivebackatthecampusbybus,around4p.m.Fortheentiretyofthetrip'sduration,wewillbestayingallthreenightsatHotelSalzburg.Inadditiontoyourpersonalbelongings,youwillberequiredtopackyourpassportandtravelinsurancecertificate.Furthermore,remembertopacktheappropriatewinternecessities,especiallyifyouplantoskiduringyourfreetimeintheafternoons.Ourscheduledmorningeventsaredetailedasfollows.AsAustriaisacountryofgreatimportanceinEuropeanhistory,learningmoreaboutitsuniqueculturewillbethefoundationofyourtrip.Thusfar,yourpre-tripassignmenthasbeentoinvestigatethelast60yearsofAustrianhistory.Tobringthisunittoitsconclusion,we'vearrangedameetinginthehotel'sconferenceroomwithseverallocalretirementassociations.Alsotakingplaceonhotelgroundsarevariousworkshopsthatwe'vearranged,hostingthreelocalspeakers.Pleasebesuretoattendatleastoneofthese.Uponreturn,usetheinformationyouobtainedfromtheinterviewsandworkshop(s)towritea500-wordreflectiononasubjectofyourchoice,worth60%ofyourfinalgrade.OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.Yourreportisdueby5p.m.onJanuary25th.1.WhenwilltheplaneforAustriatakeoff?A.At6a.m.onJanuary18th. B.At9a.m.onJanuary18th.C.At8a.m.onJanuary21st. D.At4p.m.onJanuary21st.2.Whichtopiccanbediscussedinthereport?A.Europeanhistory. B.CausesofWorldWarIl.C.WinterclimateinAustria. D.LifeofAustrianelderlypeople.3.Whatisthemajorpurposeofthistrip?A.Education. B.Sightseeing. C.Exercise. D.Charity.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了奧地利的班級旅行，以及從這次旅行學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)安排中達到的教學(xué)目的。【答案】1.B2.D3.A1．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wewilldepartfromthecampusat6a.m.onJanuary18thtocatchthe9a.m.flight.”（我們將于1月18日早上6點離開校園，趕9點的航班。）可知，去奧地利的飛機1月18日上午9點起飛。故選B項。2．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.”（特別關(guān)注的應(yīng)該是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的社會和文化影響，其次關(guān)注現(xiàn)代奧地利政府如何對待其老年人。）可知，報告中可以討論奧地利老年人的生活這個話題。故選D項。3．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“Uponreturn,usetheinformationyouobtainedfromtheinterviewsandworkshop(s)towritea500-wordreflectiononasubjectofyourchoice,worth60%ofyourfinalgrade.OfspecialfocusshouldbethesocialandculturalimpactsofWorldWarⅡ,withasecondaryfocusonhowthemodernAustriangovernmenttreatsitsseniorcitizens.”（回來后，利用你從訪談和研討會中獲得的信息，就你選擇的主題寫一篇500字的反思文章，占你最終成績的60%。特別關(guān)注的應(yīng)該是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的社會和文化影響，其次關(guān)注現(xiàn)代奧地利政府如何對待其老年人。）可知，文章主要講的是奧地利的班級旅行，以及從這次旅行學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)安排中達到的教學(xué)目的。由此可推知，這次旅行的主要目的是關(guān)于教育方面的。故選A項。BAntonyAumann,areligiousstudiesandphilosophyprofessoratNorthernMichiganUniversitytoldInsiderthathehadcaughthisstudentsubmittingessayswrittenbytheAlchatbot,andAumannhadhisstudentrewritetheessay.It'snotjusthisstrugglingwiththeriseofAIchatbotslikeChatGPT.AsaresultofthesetoolsbecomingaccessibletoanybodywithanInternetconnection,educationdepartmentsacrosstheentirecountryareadjustingworkprocessandredesigningentirecourses,accordingtotheNYT,forcingstudentstosubmithandwrittenessaysorintroducingoralexams.TheNewYorkCityandSeattlepublicschoolsystemshavealreadybannedChatGPTontheirownnetworksanddevices.“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”Aumannsaid.“Theywanttomakesurethattheirstudentsarelearningthecriticalthinkingskillsthatarepartoflearninghowtowrite.”Butuniversitiesaren'tlikelytofollowtheban.Afterall,goingaroundtheserestrictionsisquiteeasy.EventoolsdesignedtoassistteachersincatchingstudentssecretlymakinguseofAItoolslikeChatGPTwillprobablybeoflittleuse,becausestudentscanchangeafewwordsfromwhatChatGPTproduced,addsomegrammaticalmistakesonpurpose,andthedetectorsnolongerthinkit'swrittenbyachatbot.Besides,someprofessorsincludingAumannarguedthatthecatisalreadyoutofthebag.OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.Insteadofabsoluteprohibition,AumannsuggestedencouragingtheirstudentstoreacttoChatGPTinthesamewaytheyreacttolearningsource-theywillbeaskedtoevaluateitsreasonsandarguments.4.WhydidtheauthormentionAumann'scaseinparagraph1?A.TointroduceChatGPTtechnology. B.Toshareapublicconcernonessays.C.TopromoteatoolofAlchatbots. D.TostartadiscussiononChatGPT.5.WhyisChatGPTbannedbysomeschoolsystems?A.ChatGPTiseasilyaccessibletostudents.B.ChatGPTfailstodeveloplearners'competence.C.ChatGPThelpsteacherscatchstudentscheating.D.ChatGPTblockstheimprovementofeducationsystems.6.Whatdoes“thecatisalreadyoutofthebag”reallymeaninparagraph4?A.Teachersdecidetotakeactiontoaddresstheproblem.B.ItcannotbeavoidedthatChatGPTattractsstudents.C.StudentswillbecaughtcheatingthroughChatGPT.D.Thecatmanagestoescapefrombeingcaughteventually.7.What'sAumann'sattitudetoChatGPT?A.Concerned. B.Subjective. C.Objective. D.Promising.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們對于ChatGPT的不同態(tài)度，隨著AI技術(shù)進入高校，越來越多的學(xué)生選擇走捷徑，利用ChatGPT代寫論文，教育部門對此采取了相關(guān)措施，大學(xué)教師們則對此持不同態(tài)度?！敬鸢浮?.D5.B6.B7.C4．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AntonyAumann,areligiousstudiesandphilosophyprofessoratNorthernMichiganUniversitytoldInsiderthathehadcaughthisstudentsubmittingessayswrittenbytheAlchatbot,andAumannhadhisstudentrewritetheessay.”（北密歇根大學(xué)的宗教研究和哲學(xué)教授安東尼·奧曼告訴Insider，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的學(xué)生提交了由人工智能聊天機器人寫的論文，奧曼讓他的學(xué)生重寫了論文。）可推知，作者在第1段提到了奧曼的案例是為了引出下文圍繞ChatGPT展開的討論。故選D項。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheNewYorkCityandSeattlepublicschoolsystemshavealreadybannedChatGPTontheirownnetworksanddevices.“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”Aumannsaid.“Theywanttomakesurethattheirstudentsarelearningthecriticalthinkingskillsthatarepartoflearninghowtowrite.””（紐約市和西雅圖的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)禁止在他們自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)備上使用ChatGPT?！拔艺J為禁令背后的考慮是合理的，”奧曼說?！八麄兿Ｍ_保他們的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)批判性思維技能，這是學(xué)習(xí)如何寫作的一部分。”）可推知，ChatGPT被一些學(xué)校系統(tǒng)禁止是因為ChatGPT不能培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者的能力。故選B項。6．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.”（一旦學(xué)生們被ChatGPT的便利和高效所吸引，在課堂上對抗ChatGPT就沒有意義了。）可知，這些教授認為學(xué)生使用ChatGPT是無法阻止的，所以“thecatisalreadyoutofthebag的意思是“ChatGPT吸引學(xué)生是不可避免的?！惫蔬xB項。7．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ithinktheconsiderationbehindthebanisreasonable,”（我認為禁令背后的考慮是合理的）、第四段中“OncestudentsarecapturedbyChatGPT'sconvenienceandefficiency,it'dbepointlesstofightChatGPTintheclassroom.”（一旦學(xué)生們被ChatGPT的便利和高效所吸引，在課堂上對抗ChatGPT就沒有意義了。）以及第五段中“Insteadofabsoluteprohibition,AumannsuggestedencouragingtheirstudentstoreacttoChatGPTinthesamewaytheyreacttolearningsource”（不是絕對禁止，奧曼建議鼓勵他們的學(xué)生對ChatGPT的反應(yīng)就像他們對學(xué)習(xí)資源的反應(yīng)一樣。）可知，奧曼一方面肯定禁令的合理之處，另一方面又認為大學(xué)不易實施禁令，不如鼓勵學(xué)生合理利用，由此推知，他對ChatGPT的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項。CDandelion(蒲公英)seedsaresomeofthebestflyersinnature,catchingthewindandspreadingasfaras100kilometers.Eachdandelionseedistiedbyathintubetoaround100hairs,whichformtheparachute-like(類似降落傘的)structure,Whenseedsbreakfreefromtheflowerhead,thesehairscatchthewindandcarrytheirseeds.Thishairyparachutecloseswhentheairishumid(潮濕的),whichoftenmeansthewindisweak.Indrier,windierconditions.dandelionswidentheirparachutestobettercatchthewindsotheseedscanflyfreely.However,inthepast,nobodyknewhowtheysenseandrespondtotheirenvironmentsoeffectively.Nowresearchershaveuncoveredthesecret“thinking”behinddandelions’spreadingseeds.Theirwork.publishedinNatureCommunications,foundtheseed-carryingparachutesopenandcloseusingsomethinglikeactuators-devicesthatchangesignalsintomovement-withoutusingactiveinputofenergy.Thecenteroftheparachutessensesthehumidityoftheirimmediateenvironmentbyabsorbingwatermolecules(分子)fromtheair.Respondingtothesehumiditysignals.theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyaway,orclosetheirparachutesandstayput.StudyauthorDr.NaomiNakayamaoftheDepartmentofBioengineeringwholedtheworksaidthattheir“findingsrevealhowthedandelionensuresthesurvivalofitsspeciesbymakingperhapsthemostimportantdecisioninaplant’slife—tostayorgoseekabetterhabitat”.“Understandinghowdandelionsworkisfascinatingbecausethedandelionisthefoundationofecosystems.Itfeedsinsectsandbirds.”Nakayamasays“So,theenvironmentalsensitivityoftheirflightisanimportanttopicforustounderstandhownaturewillchangeinfutureclimates.”8.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph1?A.Dandelionseedshaveatube-likedesign.B.Adandelionflowerconsistsof100hairs.C.Dandelionseedsbegintogrowindryweather.D.Thedandelionparachuteclosesonwetmornings.9.Whatdoresearchersfindaboutthedandelion?A.Itshairscatchthewindeasily.B.Itsactuatorneedsextraenergytofunction.C.Themiddleofitsparachutemeasureshumidity.D.Itsactuator’sshapewaschangedbythewind.10.WhydotheystudyhowdandelionsworkaccordingtoNakayama?A.Tofeedmoreinsectsandbirds. B.Tobetterlearnaboutclimatechange.C.Toexplaintheirroleinecosystems. D.Tochangedandelions’livingenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydandelionseeds“prefer”thewindB.Howdandelions“tell”ustheirdestinationsC.Howdandelions“decide”tospreadtheirseedsD.Whydandelionseeds“create”parachute-likestructure【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了蒲公英種子播散的機制：降落傘中心感知濕度，并根據(jù)信號打開或關(guān)閉降落傘來留在原地或飛到適合生存的地方，這對了解未來氣候如何影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常重要?！敬鸢浮?.D9.C10.B11.C8．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thishairyparachutecloseswhentheairishumid(潮濕的),whichoftenmeansthewindisweak.(這種毛茸茸的降落傘在空氣潮濕時關(guān)閉，這通常意味著風(fēng)很弱。)”可知，蒲公英降落傘在潮濕的早晨關(guān)閉。故選D。9．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecenteroftheparachutessensesthehumidityoftheirimmediateenvironmentbyabsorbingwatermolecules(分子)fromtheair.(降落傘的中心通過吸收空氣中的水分子來感知周圍環(huán)境的濕度。)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)降落傘的中間部分用來測量濕度。故選C。10．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nakayamasays“So,theenvironmentalsensitivityoftheirflightisanimportanttopicforustounderstandhownaturewillchangeinfutureclimates.”(Nakayama說：“所以，它們飛行的環(huán)境敏感性是我們了解自然在未來氣候中如何變化的一個重要話題?！?”可知，研究人員研究蒲公英的工作原理以便更好地了解氣候變化。故選B。11．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nowresearchershaveuncoveredthesecret“thinking”behinddandelions’spreadingseeds.(現(xiàn)在，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蒲公英傳播種子背后的“思考”秘密。)”及全文可知，文章介紹了蒲公英種子播散的機制：降落傘中心感知濕度，并根據(jù)信號打開或關(guān)閉降落傘來留在原地或飛到適合生存的地方，這對了解未來氣候如何影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常重要。所以“Howdandelions“decide”tospreadtheirseeds(蒲公英如何“決定”傳播它們的種子)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選C。DYourbrainisn’tnecessarilythesameageastherestofyou.Now,itmaybepossibletopredicthowquicklyaperson’sbrainwillagethroughoutlifebasedonteststakenwhentheyare3yearsold.Aperson’sbiologicalagemaybeabetterindicatoroftheirhealththantheirchronologicalage(實際年齡).Brainagecanbemeasuredusingbrainscansandmachinelearningtodetermineifaperson’sbrainlooksolderoryoungerthantheaveragehealthybrainforpeopleofthesameage.Tofindoutifbrainagemightrevealanythingaboutaperson’shealthinmidlife.MaxwellElliottatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolinaandhiscolleaguesassessedthebrainsof869adultsinNewZealandwhohaveundergoneregularmedicalandcognitivetestingsincetheywere3yearsold.Whenthevolunteers,allagedbetween43and46,underwentMRIbrainscans,theteamfoundthattheirbrainagesrangedfrom23to71.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworseontestsofcognition.memoryandIQ.Theresearchersalsomeasuredthingslikecholesterolandbloodsugarlevelstoestimatethebiologicalageofthevolunteers'bodies.JamesColeatKing’sCollegeLondoncautionsthatitwillbedifficulttomakepredictionsbasedona3-year-old’stestresults.“Accelerationordelaycouldbepositiveornegative.”saysCole.“Ifa60-year-oldhasabrainthatlooks70,that’sbad,butifa3-year-oldhasabrainthatlooks5,thatmightbeagoodthing.”Theteamalsoaskedotherresearcherstoguesshowoldthevolunteerswerebasedonphotosoftheirfaces.Again,theresponsesvariedhugelywithestimatescomingin20yearsaboveandbelowtheiractualage.Thosewholookedolderalsohadolderbrainages.“Itsuggeststhattheoutwardsignsofageingarereflectedbytheinternalsignsofageing,”saysCole.“Thatdoesn’tmeanthatallolder-lookingindividualswillbeontheirwaytodementia(癡呆).”saysElliott.Wedon’tyethaveawaytotreatbrainageing,butgiventheknownbenefitstothebrainofhealthyeatingandexercise,thesearen’tabadplacetostart.12.WhydidMaxElliottconducttheexperiment?A.Totestwhetherbrainagemightindicateaperson’shealthinmidlife.B.Tofindoutifchronologicalageshowsaperson’shealthinmidlife.C.Totestwhetheraperson’sbrainageisyoungerthanhischronologicalage.D.Tofindoutwhetheraperson’schronologicalageinfluenceshisbrainage.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutMaxwellElliott’sexperiment?A.The869volunteers,allagedbetween43and46.areallfromNorthCarolina.B.Thevolunteershaveneverexperiencedanyregularmedicalorcognitivetesting.C.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworsethanthosewithyoungerones.D.Thevolunteer’sbrainagesrangedfrom43and46byMRIscans.14.WhichofthefollowingwouldJamesColeprobablyagreewith?A.Ithasbeenpossibletomakeprecisepredictionsbasedon3-year-old’stestresults.B.People’saccelerationordelayofbrainageingmustbeonehundredpercentnegative.C.Theinternalsignsofageingcanreflecttheoutwardsignsofageing.D.Itisnotagoodthingfora3-year-oldwithabrainthatlooks5.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Itmakesnosensetoworryaboutsuchpredictiontoomuch.B.Itisurgenttotreatbrainageingatonceforitisafataldisease.C.Researchersareatalosswhattodowithbrainageing.D.Researchershavefoundaneffectivewaytotreatbrainageing.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了你的大腦年齡不一定和你身體其他部分的年齡相同?，F(xiàn)在，有可能根據(jù)一個人3歲時所做的測試來預(yù)測他一生中大腦衰老的速度。一個人的生物年齡可能比他們的實際年齡更能反映他們的健康狀況。大腦年齡可以通過腦部掃描和機器學(xué)習(xí)來測量，以確定一個人的大腦看起來比同齡人群的平均健康大腦更老還是更年輕?！敬鸢浮?2.A13.C14.C15.A12．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tofindoutifbrainagemightrevealanythingaboutaperson’shealthinmidlife.MaxwellElliottatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolinaandhiscolleaguesassessedthebrainsof869adultsinNewZealandwhohaveundergoneregularmedicalandcognitivetestingsincetheywere3yearsold.(為了找出大腦年齡是否能揭示一個人在中年時的健康狀況。北卡羅來納州杜克大學(xué)的麥克斯韋·埃利奧特和他的同事們對新西蘭869名成年人的大腦進行了評估，這些成年人從3歲起就接受了定期的醫(yī)學(xué)和認知測試)”可知，麥克斯韋·埃利奧特做這個實驗是為了測試大腦年齡是否可以反映一個人在中年時的健康狀況。故選A項。13．【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenthevolunteers,allagedbetween43and46,underwentMRIbrainscans,theteamfoundthattheirbrainagesrangedfrom23to71.Thosewitholderbrainagesperformedworseontestsofcognition,memoryandIQ.(當(dāng)年齡在43歲到46歲之間的志愿者接受核磁共振掃描時，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的大腦年齡從23歲到71歲不等。那些大腦年齡較大的人在認知、記憶和智商測試中表現(xiàn)較差)”可知，我們能從麥克斯韋·埃利奧特的實驗中了解到大腦年齡較大的人比大腦年齡較小的人表現(xiàn)得更差。故選C項。14．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thosewholookedolderalsohadolderbrainages.“Itsuggeststhattheoutwardsignsofageingarereflectedbytheinternalsignsofageing,”saysCole.(那些看起來更老的人的大腦年齡也更大?？茽栒f：“這表明，外在的衰老跡象會反映出內(nèi)在的衰老跡象)”可推知，詹姆斯·科爾可能會同意衰老的內(nèi)在跡象可以反映出衰老的外在跡象。這一說法。故選C項。15．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thatdoesn’tmeanthatallolder-lookingindividualswillbeontheirwaytodementia(癡呆).”saysElliott.Wedon’tyethaveawaytotreatbrainageing,butgiventheknownbenefitstothebrainofhealthyeatingandexercise,thesearen'tabadplacetostart.(“這并不意味著所有看起來更老的人都會患上癡呆癥?！卑＠麏W特說。我們還沒有治療大腦衰老的方法，但考慮到健康飲食和鍛煉對大腦的已知益處，這些都是一個不錯的開始)”可推知，作者在最后一段想表達過分擔(dān)心這樣的預(yù)測是沒有意義的。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Yawning(打哈欠)happenscountlesstimesinyourlifetime.Theactofyawningiscommonplace.___16___Everyfunctionofyourbodyhasapurpose.fromeatingtobreathing,butwhataboutyawning?Despiteitbeingacommonbodilyfunction,notmanypeoplecanexplainthephenomenon.___17___Yawningistheinvoluntaryopeningofthemouthfollowedbydeepinhalationandexhalation(吸氣和呼氣).Whileit'sfrequentlyassumedthatweyawnwhenwe'reboredortired,scientificresearchsuggeststhatthere'salotmoretoit!Someresearchersassumethatyawningisaresponsethatkeepsusfocusedandaware.Whenyouyawn,areasinbloodvesselsbecomestimulated,leadingtoincreasedbloodflowinyourhead.___18___Additionally.it'salsobeenshowntohelpregulatebraintemperatureandcoolitdownwhenitgetstoowarm!Astudyfoundthatpeopleyawnmoreoftenwhenthey'rehotthanwhenthey'recold.Youmighthaveevennoticedthatyouyawnmoreofteninthesummerthanthewinter!Peopleoftenyawninresponsetoothers'yawning.___19___Thereasonbehindthisrelatestohighempathy;peoplewhoyawnedmoreofteninresponsetoyawningscoredhigheronstandardempathyevaluations.Thisiswhyitmakessensethatyouyawnafterafriendorfamilymemberdoes.___20___Yawndurationisrelatedtothecellsofourbrains.Therefore,thelengthofyawnscanbroadlyindicatebrainweight.Sothenexttimeyouyawn,payextraattentionandseewhatyouryawnscantellyou!A.Yawningisasignofsleepiness.B.Let'sdiveintowhatyawningreallyis.C.Deepbreathscancoolthebrainslightly.D.Thishelpstopromoteattentionandawareness.E.Eventhethoughtofyawningcanmakeyouyawn.F.However,mostofuscan'texplainwhyithappens.G.Thelengthofayawnalsohasascientificbasisbehindit.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了打哈欠這一現(xiàn)象的背后原理?！敬鸢浮?6.F17.B18.D19.E20.G16．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Yawning(打哈欠)happenscountlesstimesinyourlifetime.Theactofyawningiscommonplace.”（打哈欠在人的一生中會發(fā)生無數(shù)次。打哈欠的行為是司空見慣的。）引出話題，提到打哈欠的行為是司空見慣的。以及下文“Despiteitbeingacommonbodilyfunction,notmanypeoplecanexplainthephenomenon.”（盡管這是一種常見的身體功能，但沒有多少人能解釋這種現(xiàn)象。）說明沒有多少人能解釋這種現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合選項F項However,mostofuscan'texplainwhyithappens.（然而，我們大多數(shù)人都無法解釋為什么會發(fā)生這種情況。）起到上下文的承上啟下作用，上下文語意連貫。故選F項。17．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Yawningistheinvoluntaryopeningofthemouthfollowedbydeepinhalationandexhalation(吸氣和呼氣).”（打哈欠是不自覺地張開嘴，然后深吸氣和呼氣。）可知，講的是解釋打哈欠的概念。由此可推知，空格處應(yīng)為引出問題，什么是打哈欠。結(jié)合選項B項Let'sdiveintowhatyawningreallyis.（讓我們深入了解一下打哈欠到底是什么。）符合此推斷，上下文緊密連接。故選B項。18．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Whenyouyawn,areasinbloodvesselsbecomestimulated,leadingtoincreasedbloodflowinyourhead.”（當(dāng)你打哈欠時，血管區(qū)域受到刺激，導(dǎo)致頭部血液流動增加。）說明打哈欠時的生理變化。以及下文“Additionally,it'salsobeenshowntohelpregulatebraintemperatureandcoolitdownwhenitgetstoowarm!”（此外，它也被證明有助于調(diào)節(jié)大腦溫度，并在大腦過熱時使其降溫?。┱f明另一個打哈欠的好處，由此可推知空，空格處內(nèi)容為說明其中之一的好處。結(jié)合選項D項Thishelpstopromoteattentionandawareness.（這有助于提高注意力和意識。）符合此推斷，為說明打哈欠的其中之一好處，上下文語意連貫。故選D項。19．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Peopleoftenyawninresponsetoothers'yawning.”（人們通常會對別人的打哈欠做出回應(yīng)。）說明打哈欠會影響到其他人。以及下文“Thereasonbehindthisrelatestohighempathy;peoplewhoyawnedmoreofteninresponsetoyawningscoredhigheronstandardempathyevaluations.”（這背后的原因與高同理心有關(guān)；經(jīng)常打哈欠的人在標準同理心評估中得分更高。）解釋打哈欠會影響到其他人的原因。結(jié)合選項E項Eventhethoughtofyawningcanmakeyouyawn.（甚至一想到打哈欠就會讓你打哈欠。）和上文內(nèi)容緊密連接，為上文內(nèi)容的語意遞進，同時引起下文，上下文語意連貫。故選E項。20．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Yawndurationisrelatedtothecellsofourbrains.”（打哈欠的持續(xù)時間與我們大腦的細胞有關(guān)。）可知，講的是關(guān)于打哈欠的時間話題。結(jié)合選項G項Thelengthofayawnalsohasascientificbasisbehindit.（打哈欠的時長也是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的。）和下文內(nèi)容意思一致，上下文內(nèi)容緊密連接，符合語境。故選G項。第三部分：語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Afewyearsago,Iworkedonaprojectforhomelesspeople.Therehadbeenoneyoungmaninhisearlytwentiesthatwehadbeenveryworriedabout.Infact,hewas___21___alone-nofamilyatall.Whenyouworkwithhomelesspeople,youhearvarious___22___ofthisstorytimeandtimeagain:nolove:nostabilityasachild;awoundsodeepthatnothingcan___23___it.It'sfairtosaythatit'seasyforyourheartto___24___whenconfronted(面對)withapatientlikethis.I'dbeenaskedtoseehimbecausethenurseshadbecome___25___abouthismood.Hecouldn'tseethe___26___ofkeepinggoing.Evenworse.heusedtoliveinanareawithahighsuiciderisk.“Ithinkaboutsuicideeveryday,”hesaid.Iaskedhimifhehadmadeplans.He___27___hishead.“Icouldn'tdoittoBecky,”hesaid.Iwasconfused.WhowasBecky?Beckywasastrangerwhostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.Sheonlystoppedfor10minutesorsowhileshe___28___forhertrain,andwouldoftenbuyhimacoffeeorsandwichandwouldsitwithhimatthetrainstation.Shenever___29___tostop.Forher,itwasa(n)____30____eventinherday.Yetforhim,it____31____somethingsomuchmore.Shehadshownadamaged,unlovedyoungmantowhomtheworldhadonlyevershowncoldnessand____32____that,actually,therewassomekindnessinit____33____.Shehadgivenhimatinyglimmer(微光)ofhopethathehad____34____Withjustatinygesture,shehadgivenayoungman____35____tokeeponliving.eventhoughshehadnoideaoftheimportanceofwhatshehaddone.Itcostsnothingtobekind,anditmightjustsavesomeone'slife.21.A.hardly B.totally C.occasionally D.eventually22.A.scenes B.styles C.versions D.processes23.A.heal B.treat C.regain D.review24.A.explore B.drown C.float D.sink25.A.calm B.concerned C.curious D.confused26.A.point B.wish C.response D.decision27.A.nodded B.scratched C.slapped D.shook28.A.left B.waited C.fought D.searched29.A.wanted B.failed C.longed D.hoped30.A.memorable B.unnecessary C.insignificant D.indifferent31.A.required B.improved C.suffered D.meant32.A.cruelty B.innocence C.sympathy D.discomfort33.A.afterall B.inall C.atall D.aboveall34.A.heldback B.heldonto C.helddown D.heldoff35.A.energy B.magic C.reason D.idea【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了在一個為無家可歸者服務(wù)的項目中作者見證一位飽受生活摧殘，失去人生意義甚至想要自殺的年輕人，因為陌生人小小的善舉而重拾人生意義的故事?！敬鸢浮?1.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.D28.B29.B30.C31.D32.A33.A34.B35.C21．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，他完全是一個人——沒有家人。A.hardly幾乎不；B.totally完全；C.occasionally偶爾；D.eventually最終。根據(jù)上下文語境以及下文“nofamilyatall”沒有家人，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示他完全是一個人——沒有家人。故選B項。22．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你和無家可歸的人一起工作時，你會一次又一次地聽到這個故事的不同版本：沒有愛；沒有童年的穩(wěn)定。A.scenes場景；B.styles風(fēng)格；C.versions版本；D.processes過程。根據(jù)下文“ofthisstorytimeandtimeagain:nolove:nostabilityasachild;awoundsodeep”提到?jīng)]有愛；沒有童年的穩(wěn)定。由此可推知，此處應(yīng)表示這個故事的不同版本。故選C項。23．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個深得無法治愈的傷口。A.heal治愈；B.treat對待；C.regain重新獲得；D.review復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意以及上文“awoundsodeepthatnothingcan”傷口很深，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示傷口如此之深以至于沒有什么能夠治愈它。故選A項。24．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：公平地說，當(dāng)你面對這樣的病人時，你的心情很容易低落。A.explore探索；B.drown溺水；C.float漂??；D.sink下沉，低落。根據(jù)下文“whenconfrontedwithapatientlikethis.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示當(dāng)你面對這樣的病人時，你的心情很容易低落。故選D項。25．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被要求去看他，因為護士們開始擔(dān)心他的情緒。A.calm鎮(zhèn)靜的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.curious好奇的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)上文“I'dbeenaskedtoseehim”和第一段提到的“wehadbeenveryworriedabout.”可知，要求作者去看這個病人，是因為護士們開始擔(dān)心他的情緒，beconcernedabout固定搭配，意為“擔(dān)心”。故選B項。26．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他看不出繼續(xù)活下去有什么意義。A.point點，意義；B.wish愿望；C.response回應(yīng)；D.decision決定。根據(jù)下文“Evenworse,heusedtoliveinanareawithahighsuiciderisk.”可知，他曾經(jīng)生活在一個自殺風(fēng)險很高的地區(qū)，結(jié)合上文提到他家里只有一個人，由此可知，此處指他看不出生活的意義是什么。故選A項。27．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他搖了搖頭。A.nodded點頭；B.scratched撓，輕抓；C.slapped拍打，拍擊；D.shook搖頭。根據(jù)下文““Icouldn'tdoittoBecky,””可知，當(dāng)作者問他有沒有制定自殺計劃時，他搖了搖頭。故選D項。28．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她只在等火車的時候停10分鐘左右，經(jīng)常給他買咖啡或三明治，和他一起坐在火車站。A.left離開；B.waited等待；C.fought斗爭；D.searched搜尋。根據(jù)上文“Beckywasastrangerwhostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.”提到每天下班回家的路上都會停下來和他說話，以及下文“forhertrain”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示在等火車的時候，她停留一會，給他買東西吃。故選B項。29．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她從來沒有停止過。A.wanted想要；B.failed失??；C.longed渴望；D.hoped希望。根據(jù)上文“whostoppedandspoketohimonherwayhomefromworkeveryday.”可知，貝基每次遇到他都會停下來，neverfailedtodosth雙重否定，表示肯定。故選B項。30．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對她來說，這是她一天中無關(guān)緊要的事。A.memorable令人難忘的；B.unnecessary不需要的；C.insignificant微不足道的；D.indifferent冷漠的。根據(jù)下文“Yetforhim,it______somethingsomuchmore.”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，對貝基來說，這是她一天中微不足道的事。但對他來說，這卻意義重大。故選C項。31．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但對他來說，這意味著更多的東西。A.required要求；B.improved提高；C.suffered遭受；D.meant意味著。根據(jù)下文“somethingsomuchmore”和上文提到的這病人沒有制定自殺計劃，是因為他覺得自己不能這樣對貝基，因為貝基給予了他很多。故選D項。32．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他讓一個遍體鱗傷，缺乏關(guān)愛的年輕人體會到了這個曾經(jīng)對他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。A.cruelty殘忍；B.innocence無辜；C.sympathy同情；D.discomfort不舒服。根據(jù)句意以及上文“coldness”可知，此處表示和coldness是同色彩的詞，指世界對他的冷漠和殘忍。故選A項。33．【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：他讓一個遍體鱗傷，缺乏關(guān)愛的年輕人體會到了這個曾經(jīng)對他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。A.afterall畢竟；B.inall總之；C.atall根本；D.aboveall首先。根據(jù)上文“actually,therewassomekindnessinit”可知，貝基讓他感覺這個曾經(jīng)對他冷漠和殘忍的世界畢竟還是有一絲善意的。故選A項。34．【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她給了他一絲他一直堅持的希望，僅僅是一個小小的舉動，她就給了一個年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。A.heldback阻止；B.heldonto緊緊抓住，堅持；C.helddown抑制；D.heldoff拖延。根據(jù)句意以及上文“Shehadgivenhimatinyglimmer(微光)ofhopethathehad”可知，貝基給了他一絲能讓他堅持下去的希望。故選B項。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她給了他一絲他一直堅持的希望，僅僅是一個小小的舉動，她就給了一個年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。A.energy能量；B.magic魔法；C.reason理由；D.idea主意。根據(jù)句意以及下文“tokeeponliving.”繼續(xù)活下去，由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示僅僅是一個小小的舉動，她就給了一個年輕人繼續(xù)活下去的理由。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SinceJapanbeganreleasingnuclear-contaminated(核污染)wastewaterintothePacificOceandespitestrongoppositionand___36___(criticize)fromtheinternationalcommunity,Chinesenetizenshaveexpressedtheirangerandconcern,withalargenumberofthem___37___(say)thattheywouldnolongergotoJapaneserestaurants.Accordingtothespokesperson.theactionsoftheJapanesegovernmentare___38___(contradict)tointernationalconventions(公約)andexpertssaythattheinfluenceofJapan'sreleaseofwastewateronthesafetyofpeoplethroughouttheworldisunpredictable.Asaconsequence,manydomesticJapaneserestaurantssaythattheywilladjusttheirproductlines,andthatseafood___39___(select)fromdomesticsourcesorimportedfromothercoastalcountries.Someevensaythattheywillseek___40___(develop)othernewcuisines.“TheChinesegovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasuresto___41___(firm)protectthemarineenvironmentifJapanisdeterminedtogoonwithitsdischarge(排放)plan,”saidamajorityofChinese,among___42___arethoselivingandstudyinginJapannow.Inapol