虛擬語氣教學(xué)

虛擬語氣教學(xué)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣涵義在漢語的習(xí)慣中，表示假設(shè)，也就是“虛擬”的時候，往往只需要用一些詞匯來表示，譬如：假如、要是、如果等；在英語中，表示假設(shè)或虛擬的時候，不僅要有表示的詞，如if，還要在謂語動詞上發(fā)生變化。虛擬語氣涵義虛擬語氣看似復(fù)雜，其實(shí)考生只需掌握下面關(guān)鍵的兩點(diǎn)，就能事半功倍。1.注意熟記虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志詞（組），如wish，insist，itishightime等。2.要牢記如何在謂語動詞的變化上體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣，如變化時態(tài)，使用should等。虛擬語氣適用情況一1：表假設(shè)條件（if條件句）含有條件狀語從句的句子稱為條件句，通常用if引導(dǎo)。

如果所表示的條件是真實(shí)的，或完全有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，則稱為真實(shí)條件句。其主句和從句的謂語都用陳述語氣，即我們過去所學(xué)的一般的謂語表達(dá)形式。標(biāo)志詞：if。If條件句例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果條件句表示的條件根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小時，則稱為虛擬條件句，其主句和從句的謂語就要用虛擬語氣。If條件句有以下四種情況：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)

If條件從句

主句一般過去時（be動詞用were，不用was）Should\would\might\could+動詞原形If條件句Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusetogothere.If條件句與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)

If條件句

主句過去完成時haddoneShould\would\might\could+have+過去分詞If條件句Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould\wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.

如果他昨天來的話，我會把這件事告訴他的。含義：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.If條件句表示對將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想If條件句

主句一般過去時didShould\would\might\could+

動詞原形Were+todoShould+doIf條件句例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.=Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

=Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含義是Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.If條件句混合條件句主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，主句與從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間的不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。常見的混合時間是：從句表示過去（用haddone）主句表示現(xiàn)在（would\should\might\could）。If條件句

例如：Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.

如果你昨天問過他，今天就知道做什么了。

Ifithadrainedlastnight，itwouldbeverycoldtoday.

如果昨晚下過雨，今天就會很冷了。虛擬條件句的倒裝注意：虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were，should或had時，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。虛擬條件句的倒裝例如：Weretheyherenow，theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.虛擬語氣適用情況二表說話人的心理狀態(tài)（建議\命令\愿望\判斷等）表達(dá)一種說話人的心理狀態(tài)，比如建議、命令或愿望等。

關(guān)鍵是要理解并記憶為數(shù)不多的一些標(biāo)志詞。這些標(biāo)志詞可能是動詞、形容詞也可能是名詞或固定短語。它們共同的特征是表現(xiàn)了說話人的某種心理狀態(tài)：建議\命令\愿望\判斷等。第一類標(biāo)志詞第一類標(biāo)志詞：動詞請求或要求：beg，ask，request,require,order,demand,command(命令)，urge(催促)建議：advise,suggest,recommend,move（動議，提議），propose,insist(堅持)愿望：desire,decide(決心)，determine(決心)，prefer（更希望，更愿望）第二類標(biāo)志詞第二類標(biāo)志詞：上述動詞的派生詞過去分詞：asked,requested,required,ordered,demanded,commanded,advised,suggested,proposed,insisted,decided,determined等。名詞：suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等。第三類標(biāo)志詞第三類標(biāo)志詞：特殊的形容詞表吃驚：surprising,astonishing，amazing表正常：natural，normal，proper，strange，odd，unusual表重要：important,necessary，essential，vital，urgent表“可…”：advisable，desirable，preferable注意主句所帶的從句：賓語從句，主語從句或同位語從句、表語從句

should+動詞原形（do\be）或省略should的形式，體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。由此可見，考生并不一定需要分清從句的類型，只要能夠“慧眼識詞”，就可以了。注意a.“should+動詞原形（do\be）或省略should”

結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為：

Shouldnotdo\be或notdo\beb.無論主句是什么樣的時態(tài)，從句中都用“should+動詞原形（do\be）或省略should”形式，即從句不受主句時態(tài)的影響。標(biāo)志詞帶主語從句1.標(biāo)志詞帶主語從句

Itissuggestedthatthemeetingnotbeputoff.ItisnecessarythatyoungpeopleshouldlearnEnglish.Itisnaturalthateveryonewanttolivebetter.Itispreferablethateachclubmembercomeupwithhisownsolutiontotheproblem.標(biāo)志詞帶賓語從句2.標(biāo)志詞帶賓語從句

Hisfatherurgedthathestudymedicine.Heinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.Theinstructionsaskthatwenottakemorethreetabletsatonce.Wedesirethatthetourleaderinformusimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.標(biāo)志詞帶賓語從句，注意：suggest,insist

用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。判斷改錯：Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

標(biāo)志詞帶表語從句例如：Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Theprofessor’sadvicewasthatNathanrevisehispaperagain.標(biāo)志詞帶同位語從句例如：Thecaptaingavehisorderthatallofusabandontheshipatonce.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.虛擬語氣適用情況三

一、特殊詞wish的用法

Wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為：特殊詞wish的用法賓語從句的謂語形式

用法過去時did表現(xiàn)在未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過去完成時haddone表過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過去將來時would\should\might\coulddo表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望特殊詞wish的用法例如：IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Itis(high\about)timethat…Itis(high\about)timethat…

that從句中用did或should+動詞原形，should不可省略。

Itis（high\about）timethatthechildrenwenttobed.=Itis(high\about)timethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.ifonly表示“如果……就好了”ifonly后面的句子如果是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去時did；如果是對過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成時haddone。例如：Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.IfonlyIwererich.Asif&Asthoughasif，asthough引出的與事實(shí)不符的狀語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在情況的模擬，用過去完成式表示對過去情況的虛擬。例如：Themoonshinesbrightly,asifitgaveofflightbyitself.Iwashorrifiedathisappearance.Helookedasthoughhehadn’tsleptforweeks.含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)例如：WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou？

=WhatwouldIhavedoneifIhadnotbeenwithyou.這里，withoutyou就是一個“含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)”。含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)請?zhí)貏e注意下面句子中的“含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)”：

Inhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.=IfIwereinhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.Butfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.=Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)Butforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.=Ifitwerenotforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.Butthatthedoctorarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.=Ifthedoctorhadn’tarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.

（注意：Butthat+從句，從句不用虛擬，而是主句用虛擬。）含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.

=IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.=Ifwehadknownhistelephonenumber,wewouldhavetelephonedhim.例題解析例1.【03】It’surgentthatameeting____beforethefinaldecisionismade.A.willbearrangedB.mustbearrangedC.bearrangedD.wouldbearranged例題解析例2.【04】_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.IfheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken精選練習(xí)1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you___sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot2.It’shightimewe__________tothetheater.A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went3.It’sstrangethatthey_____nothingaboutthismatter.A.knowB.wouldknowC.knowsD.knew精選練習(xí)4.Hesuggestswe___tothecinemaatonce,otherwisewewillbelate.A.mustgoB.goC.willgoD.wouldgo5.Thegeneralorderedthatthethief_______.A.bepunishedB.wouldpunishC.wouldbepunishedD.shouldpunish6.IfonlyI______howtooperateacomputerasyoudo!A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew精選練習(xí)7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken8.Thechairmanrequestedthat________.A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullyB.theproblemsweremorecarefullystudiedC.theproblemscouldbestudiedwithmorecareD.themembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully9.IfI__you,I__moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay精選練習(xí)10.Wecannotimaginewhatourworld___likewithoutelectricpower.A.isB.willbeC.wouldbeD.hasbeen11.Therewasahalfsmileonhisfacewhichsuggestedthathe___happytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.A.wasB.shouldbeC.wouldbeD.hasbeen12.Weallagreedtohersuggestionthatwe___totheGreatWallforsightseeing.A.willgoB.goC.shallgoD.shouldhavegone精選練習(xí)13.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe____nothingwrongand____free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset14.Withoutyourhelp,I_____theexamlastterm.A.failedin