八課綜合寫(xiě)作

綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)Summarizingistoextractonlythemostessentialideasofsomeoneelse’swork.Whenyousummarizeapassage,firstyouneedtounderstandthemeaningofthepassage,andthenyouneedtocapturethemostimportantpointsfromtheoriginaltext.youshouldnotincludethedetailsinasummary.Asummaryshouldbeshorterthanaparaphrase綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)HowtosummarizeIdentifytheauthor’spurposeLocatethetopicsentenceandothermainpoints.Paraphrasethemainpointsandmakesurethatyouarefaithfultothemeaningoftheoriginaltext.YoushouldnotincludeyouropinionUsethepresenttense綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)Becauseoftheirdiversity,sevenseparategroupingsordivisionsofalgaehavebeenestablishedbybotanistsKeywords:sevenseparategroupings/algae/botanistsBotanistshaveclassifiedalgaeintoseventypesBotanically,thereareseventypesofalgae綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)Somepeoplegotocollegetolearnatrade,somegotoenteraprofession,andothers,havingnoimmediatecareergoals,gofortheloveoflearningKeywords:gotocollege/learnatrade/enteraprofession/theloveoflearningSummary:peopleattendcollegefordifferentreasons.綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)學(xué)會(huì)將筆記組織成文summarizing聽(tīng)力最終四句話：一個(gè)總論點(diǎn)一個(gè)句子，三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)加各自細(xì)節(jié)歸納成三個(gè)句子，句子結(jié)構(gòu)：分論點(diǎn)+細(xì)節(jié)最終八句話綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之歸納總結(jié)READING3redbul&teaSchooluniformsreducesbullyingandteasinginstudents’groupsLISTEING3AlwpickonParstagotherthin（mus,ba-pac）

theywillalwayspickononeanotherbecausetheyareatthisparticularstageandwillfindsomeotherthingslikemusicorback-packtodosuchathingifnotcloth

綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之合成學(xué)會(huì)綜合兩個(gè)來(lái)源的信息（synthesizing）Schooluniformsreducesbullyingandteasinginstudents’groupstheywillalwayspickononeanotherbecausetheyareatthisparticularstageandwillfindsomeotherthingslikemusicorback-packtodosuchathing綜合寫(xiě)作技巧之合成Thelecturediscussesthat

theywillalwayspickononeanotherbecausetheyareatthisparticularstageandwillfindsomeotherthingslikemusicorback-packtodosuchathing

whichdiffersfromthemainideainthereadingthatSchooluniformsreducesbullyingandteasinginstudents’groups真題練習(xí)NotetakingSoontherewillbesomethingforthetouristwhohasbeeneverywhereandseeneverythingonearth.Spacecraftbeingdevelopedbyprivatecommercialcompanieswillsoonenableprivatecitizenstobuytheirownticketstotravelintospace,therebycreatingaspacetourismindustry.Sofar,spacetravelhasbeenundertakenonlybygovernments.Butthenew,privatizedspaceflightindustrywillbringgreatbenefitstobothscienceandthepublic.notetakingreading1:PSTbenscipubnotetakinglistening1Well,itlooksasthoughwewillsoonseeprivatespaceshipscarryingtouristsintospace.Butwillitreallyprovidegreatbenefitsforseriousscienceandforthepublic?IdonotthinksonotetakingListening1:listening1nonotetakingreading2First,privatespacetravelwillbenefitseriousspaceexplorationbymakingcostsdownveryfastbecauseitwillallowcompetition-andcompetitionisoneofthestrongestmotivationtocutcosts.Thus,loweringthecostofspacetravelwillbenefitnotonlyspacetouristsbutalsoscientists,whowillbeabletouseprivatespaceflightforresearchpurposesnotetakingReading2costdownnotetakinglistening2First,privatizedspacetravel,whichisextraordinarilyexpensive,islikelytostaythatway.

Foronethingcommercialspacetravelwillrequireanelaboratespacetraffic-controlsystemtopreventcollisions-andthedevelopmentandoperationofsuchasystemwillnotcomecheapeither.Anotherthingthatwillkeepcostshighissafety-becauseeachnewshipdesignwillhavetosafetytestedandretested-andthatalsotendstobeaveryexpensiveprocess.Bothofthosecostswillbereflectedinthepricesofthespaceflighttickets,sonooneshouldexpectthecostofspaceflightstogodownfast.notetakingListening2

listening2StayexptrafficcontlsysSafetytestnotetakingReading3Furthermore,privatizationofspacetravelwillacceleratetherateatwhichimportantscientificdiscoveriesoccur.Theaerospaceindustryalreadysponsorsalotofgroundbreakingscientificresearch,andaddingprivatespaceflightcompaniestoitwillmaketheindustryasawholegrowinsize,therebyemployingmorescientiststhanitdoesnow.thatincreasednumberofworkingscientistsmeansnotonlythatmorediscoveriesarelikelytobemadebutalsothatthosediscoveriesarelikelytobemademorequicklythaninthepast.NotetakingReading3Accdisnotetakinglistening3Second,ifcommercialspaceflighthasonlyanyeffectatallontherateofscientificdiscoveryandinnovation,itwillbeto

delayorevenpreventsuchdiscoveryandinnovation.Ifthebestandthebrightestengineersgetluredawayfromgovernmentspaceprogramsbythehighsalariesofferedbyprivate,for-profitcompanies,theymightendupworkingoncommercialstuffthatdoesn'thavemuchscientificvalue.Andasaresult,seriousspaceresearchmightactuallysuffer.notetakingListening3DelpredisOncomstuNotetakingreading4Finally,whengovernmentsarethesoleprovidersofspacetravel,thecostsarepaidforbythewholetaxpayingpublic,butwithprivatization,theexpensesofspacetravelwillbebornebythecustomersoftheindustry.Thefactthatprivatespaceflightoperatorswillbeabletoraisefundsthroughticketsalesmeansthatthefinancialburdenontaxpayerswillbeeasedsignificantly.notetakingReading4TaxpbureaseAndfinally,willthetaxpayingpublicgetoffthehookfinancially?Nochance.Thefactisthatso-calledprivatespacetourismisnotpossiblewithouthugepublictaxsubsidies.Itwilltakebillionsandbillionsofdollarstobuildspacestations,spaceairports,andsoon.Andprivateinvestorssimplycannotraisesuchhugeamounts.Sotheburdenontaxpayerswillnotbesignificantlyeasedwiththedevelopmentoftheprivatespaceflightindustry.Infact,alltaxpayerswillbepayingmoretosubsidizethevacationsofthespacetourists.Notetakinglistening4notetakingNochanSpastatispaairpnotetakingLno1.StayexptrafficcontlsysSafetytest2.DelpredisOncomstu3.NochanSpastatispaairpRPSTbenscipubcostdownAccdis3.TaxpbureasesummarizingListeningnoItwillnotprovideanybenefitsatallReadingPSTbenscipubPrivatizedspacetourismwillbringbenefitstoscienceandthepublicaswellsummarizing11.StayexptrafficcontlsysSafetytestThecostsofcreatingaspacetrafficcontrolsystemandofsafetytestwillkeepspaceflightexpensive1costdownCompetitioninaprivatespacetravelindustrywillbringcostsdownandbenefitseriousspacetouristsandthepublicsummarizing22.DelpredisOncomstucommercialspacetravelislikelytodelayscientificdiscoveriesbyluringscientistsawayfromseriousresearchprojects.2AccdisPrivatizedspacetravelwilladvancesciencebyemployingmorescientistsworkinginouterspaceprojectssummarizing3NochanSpastatispaairpTheburdenoftaxpayerswillnotbeeasedbecausetheyendupsubsidizingthedevelopmentofspacestationandspaceairport33.Taxpburease

thefundpaidbycustomersofaprivatespacetravelintheformofticketsaleswillreducetheburdenoftaxpayers

synthesizingItwillnotprovideanybenefitsatallPrivatizedspacetourismwillbringbenefitstoscienceandthepublicaswellThereadingmaterialstronglybelievesthat

Privatizedspacetourismwillbringbenefitstoscienceandthepublicaswell,

butthelisteningmaterialcastsdoubtonthepassagebystatingthat

Itwillnotprovideanybenefitsatall.synthesizingThecostsofcreatingaspacetrafficcontrolsystemandofsafetytestwillkeepspaceflightexpensiveCompetitioninaprivatespacetravelindustrywillbringcostsdownandbenefitseriousspacetouristsandthepublic精彩句型一:Thelecturediscussesthat….whichdiffersfromthemainideainthereadingthat…synthesizingFirst,Thelecturediscussesthat

Thecostsofcreatingaspacetrafficcontrolsystemandofsafetytestwillkeepspaceflightexpensive,

whichdiffersfromthemainideainthereadingthat

Competitioninaprivatespacetravelindustrywillbringcostsdownandbenefitseriousspacetouristsandthepublicsynthesizingcommercialspacetravelislikelytodelayscientificdiscoveriesbyluringscientistsawayfromseriousresearchprojects.Privatizedspacetravelwilladvancesciencebyemployingmorescientistsworkinginouterspaceprojects精彩句型二:Theprofessormadethepointthat….however,thewriterdemonstratedacontradictoryideathatsynthesizingSecond,theprofessormadethepointthat

commercialspacetravelislikelytodelaysc