2022屆浙江省新高三8月開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷03（解析版）

2022屆浙江省新高三8月開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷03解析版

班級(jí)姓名分?jǐn)?shù)

〔考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷總分值：150分〕

選擇題局部

第一局部聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，總分值30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每題分，總分值分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng),

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)答復(fù)有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。

每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.WhatisJimdoingnow?

A.Cooking.B.WatchingTV.C.Reviewinghislessons.

2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.Driveawayhercar.B.Parkhercarnearby.C.Buyaredcar.

3.Howmuchdoesthewomanwantforthewatch?

A.$200.B.$150.C.$50.

4.Wherewasthemangoingwhenhefelloffthebike?

A.Tothesupermarket.B.Tothebank.C.Tothehospital.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Peter'shealth.B.Peter'sschoollife.C.Peter?sage.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每題分，總分值分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選

出最正確選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將

給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，答復(fù)第6、7題。

6.Howmanydaysdoesthemanworkinaweek?

A.5days.B.6days.C.7days.

7.Whoisthegirl?

A.Apassenger.B.Theman'scolleague.C.Theman'sdaughter.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，答復(fù)第8、9題。

8.WhatdidSandradolastnight?

A.Sherepairedherphone.B.ShecalledupMichael.C.Shelearnttopaint.

9.WhatdidSandraandPeteragreetodoonSunday?

A.Playtennis.B.VisitLondon.C.Gotothedentist.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，答復(fù)第10至12題。

10.Whatcolordoesthewomanlikebest?

A.Black.B.White.C.Red.

11.Whatwillthespeakersdothisevening?

A.Attendaparty.B.Goshopping.C.Dosomecleaning.

12.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Colleagues.B.Husbandandwife.C.Salesmanandcustomer.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，答復(fù)第13至16題。

13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingfirst?

A.Seeingafilm.B.VisitingJames.C.Goingclimbing.

14.WhatwillthemanfinishbeforecallingJames?

A.Ajournal.B.Areport.C.Anessay.

15.Howwillthespeakersgotothenewpark?

A.Bytaxi.B.Bybike.C.Bybus.

16.WherewillthespeakersmeetonSaturdaymorning?

A.Inasupermarket.B.Neartheirschool.C.AttheWestMountain.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，答復(fù)第17至20題。

17.Whendoestheclassfinish?

A.At5:00p.m.B.At5:30p.m.C.At6:00p.m.

18.HowoftendothestudentstakeLindsayBlack'sclassinaweek?

A.Twice.B.Threetimes.C.Fourtimes.

19.Whatdoesthespeakeraskthestudentstodo?

A.Photocopyherlessons.B.Visittheschoolwebsite.C.Buythestudent'sbook.

20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?

A.She'sambitious.B.She'sstrict.C.She'shumorous.

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，總分值30分）

1—5CBAAC6—10BABAC11—15ABABC16—20BCACB

聽(tīng)力原文

Example:

M:Excuseme,canyoutellmehowmuchtheshirtis?

W:Yes,it'sninefifteen.

Text1

W:Hey,Jim.Wehaverunoutofsalt.Pleasebuymesomeattheshopdownstairs.

M:Oh,Mum.Tmpreparingfortomorrow'sEnglishtest.MaybeJaneisfree.She'swatchingTVinher

bedroom.

Text2

W:MyhusbandandIcometoseeourparentsthisevening.Theirhouseisnear.Youseetheredone?It's

theirs.

M:Sorry,butyou'llhavetodriveyourcaraway.Youcannotparkthecarhere.

Text3

M:Is$150enoughforthewatch?

W:Fmafraidnot.50moredollarsshouldbegiven.

Text4

W:Hi,Buzz.Oh,you'reinjured.Whathappened?

M:Afterwithdrawingsomemoneyinthebank,Iwasgoingtothesupermarkettobuysomethingfor

MarleywhenIfelloffmybike.Youknow,sheisinhospitalthesedays.

Text5

M:How'sPeterdoing?

W:Oh,he'sfine.Hejusthadabirthday,and...

M:Howoldishe,nine?

W:Yeah.Hejustturnednine.

Text6

W:Excuseme,Sir.CanIaskyouaquestion?

M:Yes,please.Whatisit?

W:Howmanytimesdoyoutaketheplaneeveryweek?

M:Well,ItakeiteverydayexceptonSundayinaweek.

W:Really?Soyoupayforticketseachtime.Areyouveryrich?

M:Oh,no,littlegirl.Actually,thafsmyjob.Theypaymeforthat.

W:Howluckyyouare!Oh,mymumiscoming.Wearegoingtothesecuritycheckoverthere.Bye.

Text7

M:Hi,Sandra.IfsPeter.

W:Hi,Peter.Whatasurprise!Iwaswaitingforyoutocalllastnight.

M:Lastnight?Idid.Icalledyoufivetimes.Butthelinewasbusyallthetime.

W:Oh,yes.I'msorryaboutthat.IwastalkingwithmybrotherMichaelonthephone.Heislearningto

paintinLondon.

M:Oh,well,nevermind.IsSundaystillOKforplayingtennis?

W:Yes.Whynot?

M:Great!Howaboutteno'clockinthemorning?

W:Well.Butlet'sputitoffuntil3pm.Ihaveanappointmentwithmydentistat9:30onSundaymorning.

M:Gotit.

Text8

M:Doyoulikethosepants?

W:Whichones?

M:Theblackones.

W:ButIdon9tlikethecolor.

M:Whataboutthatdress?

W:Whichone?

M:Theredoneontheleft,andthecolorisyourfavorite.

W:Thatone!Oh,Iloveit.Butit'sexpensive.Thewhiteoneisfine,too.ThepriceandthecolorareOK

withme.

M:Don'tworryaboutthemoney.Igotaraiseinpaylastweek.It'shardforyoutotakecareofourchildren

athome.Youdeserveyourbestclothes.What'smore,youneedanewdressfortonight'sparty.

W:Well,thentakeit.Oh,bequick!It'salmost3o'clock.Ineedtogohomeandcleanupthehouse.

Text9

M:Hithere.We'vebeenbusyallthesedays.Shallwegosomewherethisweekend?

W:Sure,whereshallwegothen?

M:Ireallydon'tknow.Doyouhaveanyideas?

W:Whydon'twegotothemovies?

M:rdrathernotgo.Idon'tlikemovies.

W:Iknowthereanewparkwherethereisaspecialbarbecueareaforvisitors.

M:Whereisit?

W:It'snotfarfromtheWestMountain.SoIsuggestwegothereforapicnic.WecancallupJames,

invitinghimtojoinusbecausehe'sfondofsuchactivities.

M:That'sagoodideaforme.I'llcallhimafterfinishingthereportaboutthemeetingheldyesterday.Seeit?

I'malmostfinishingit.Bytheway,howwillwegothere,takeataxiortakeourbikes?

W:Neither.TheNo.39bustakesusstraightthere.Let'smeetat9:00amonSaturdayatthestationnearour

schoolsinceit'sconvenientforbothofustogetthere.

M:Whatfooddoyouthinkweshouldtakewithus?

W:Whatabouttakingsomechickenandsomefruits?

M:Igoalongwithit.Tilbuytheminthesupermarketafterwork.

W:OK.Seeyouthen.

Text10

W：

Hello,everyone!It'snicetoseeyouallhere.WelcometoBritishLifeandLanguage.Iamyour

teacher.MynameisLindsayBlack.That'sL-I-N-D-S-A-YBlack.Beforewebegin,hereissome

informationabouttheclass.

WehaveclassonMondayandWednesdayeveryweek.Ourclassbeginsat4:30p.m.andlasts90

minutes.Also,Ihaveanofficehourifyouhavequestions.Tminoffice7Bonthesecondfloor.Myoffice

hourisFridayat6p.m.

Forthiscourseyouneedthebook.Hereitis:BritishLifeandLanguageLevel1StudentsBook.So,

pleasegetthebookonline,whichismuchcheaper.Ofcourse,youmaygetitfromthebookstorenearour

school.Idon'twanttoseeanyphotocopiesofthebook.Thankyou!

EveryoneofyoumustrememberthatwhenIgivealesson,youmusttakenotescarefully,writing

downeverylessonItalkabout.Youarenotallowedtotalkonyourcellphoneoransweryourphoneinclass.

Don'tbelateorleaveearly,oryouwillbeseverelypunished.Ithinkthat'sall.

第二局部閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，總分值35分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每題分，總分值25分）

閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將

該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

A24-year-oldfemalespacecommanderhasbecomeaviralsensationonChinesesocialmediaforher

work.

ZhouChengyuwasinchargeoftherocketconnectorsystem-describedasavitalrole.Herstoryin

particularhasdrawnthepublic'sattentiongivenheryoungage.Socialmediausershavebeencelebrating

herbrillianceandreferringtoherasprideofthecountry.

Beingtheyoungestoftheteam,ZhouChengyuwasbornin1996intheprovinceofGuizhou.Sheis

certainlynot"old"enoughcomparedwithhercolleagues,butsheisknownatworkas"BigSister"asa

signofrespect.Onceina3-kmrunningcontest,sheactuallybeathalfofhermalecounterparts.Although

workshiftsarenotuncommonattheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSite,eachshiftrequirestremendous

couragebecauseofthedifferentbackgroundknowledge.However,forZhouChengyu,sheexperienced

multiplepositionsin5launchingtestsandnowsheistheyoungestcommanderatthesite.

Despitecarefulnessandhighresponsibilityatwork,sheisjustlikeherpeersinnormallife.Eating

snacksandshoppingareherfavoritefree-timeactivities.Herhighschoolteacherremembersherastough

anddetermined."Shealwayshadadreamofbecomingscientist,“saidherphysicsteacher.

Accordingtohercolleague,ZhouChengyuwasverysurprisedwhenshefoundoutshewentviral

online.Shesaidthatshewashappywhenshesawpeopleonlineregardingherastheprideofthecountry,

andyetshekeptsayingthatshewas“nobodybutnormalworkeratalaunchsite"andtherearealotmore

peoplejustlikehergoingunnoticedwhiledoingthehardestjobtoguaranteeabetterfuturefortheChinese

spaceprogram.Shealsosaidthatshewishedtoremainhercurrentstatusandcontinuedoingherworkwith

orwithoutthepopularity.

.WhatmakesZhouChengyutheprideofthecountry?

A.Heryoungage.B.Hervitalroleinherwork.

C.Hergreatcourage.D.Herresponsibilityatwork.

22.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeZhouChengyu?

A.Learnedandconfident.B.Respectableandgenerous.

C.Patientandresponsible.D.Modestanddetermined.

23.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AYoungPrideB.ASuccessfulColleague

C.AnExtraordinaryDreamD.AnAmbitiousCommander

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一名24歲的女太空指揮官因其出色的工作在中

國(guó)社交媒體上走紅的故事。

.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句內(nèi)容“ZhouChengyuwasinchargeoftherocket

connectorsystem-describedasavitalrole.Herstoryinparticularhasdrawnthepublic'sattention

givenheryoungage.（周成宇負(fù)責(zé)的火箭連接系統(tǒng)，這被描述為一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的角色?？紤]到

她還很年輕，她的故事尤其吸引了公眾的注意。）可知，因?yàn)橹艹捎畛蔀閲?guó)家的驕傲是因?yàn)樗?/p>

是最年輕的負(fù)責(zé)火箭連接系統(tǒng)的指揮官，擔(dān)任著重要角色。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

22.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句內(nèi)容“Herhighschoolteacherremembersheras

toughanddetermined."Shealwayshadadreamofbecomingscientist/'saidherphysicsteacher.

（在她的高中老師的印象中，她是一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)而堅(jiān)決的人?！八恢眽?mèng)想成為一名科學(xué)家，〃她

的物理老師說(shuō)。）〃可知，周成宇是一個(gè)非常堅(jiān)決的人，再根據(jù)最后?段她對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)的內(nèi)容

“andyetshekeptsayingthatshewas“nobodybutnormalworkeratalaunchsite”“旦她——直說(shuō)自

己“只是發(fā)射場(chǎng)的普通工人〃）〃可知，周成宇是一個(gè)非常謙虛的人。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

23.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章笫二段最后一句內(nèi)容“Socialmediausershavebeencelebratingher

brillianceandreferringtoherasprideofthecountry.（社交媒體用戶一直在頌揚(yáng)她的才華，稱(chēng)她

為整個(gè)國(guó)家的驕傲。）〃以及全文都在表達(dá)有關(guān)她是祖國(guó)驕傲的事跡，可知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)年輕

的驕傲〃最適合作題目，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

B

AsCaliforniagraywhaleswindtheirwaysouthalongNorthAmerica'sPacificcoast,researchersare

watching,worriedaboutanotheryearofunexplaineddie-offs.

Lastspringandsummer,5whalesinexplicably（說(shuō)不清地）washedupalongNorthAmerica'sWest

Coast.Concerned,theU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationcalledforaninvestigation,

bringingtogetherresearchersfromtheArctictoMexicotoexplorethestrandings（擱淺）inauniform

manner.

Accordingtothescientistsinvolvedwiththeinvestigation,it'sstillunclearwhatcausedthe2021die

-offandwhetherthewhaleswillfarebetterthisyear.

Californiagraywhalesmigrate5,000mileseveryyearfromtheArctictoMexico'sBaja.Their

journeyisthelongestmigration,andfullofdangerssuchasshipsandplasticrubbish.Thejourneyback

northisparticularlydangerousbecausegraywhalesonlyeatwhileintheArctic;therefore,theyarerunning

onemptyastheymaketheirreturntripfromBaja.

DataandobservationscollectedthispastsummerbyresearchersbasedatNOAA'sAlaskaFisheries

ScienceCenterhaveraisedmorequestionsthananswers.Forinstance,15graywhaleswerespottedinone

dayintheeasternBeaufortSea-araresightingforaspeciesusuallyseengettingfatattheirfeedinggrounds.

Butwiththeseaiceforminglaterinwinterandbreakingupearlierinsummer,scientistswonderwhether

graywhaleswillcontinuetomovefarthereasttonewfeedingareas.

Inadditiontochangesinfoodavailability,asseaicedecreases,whalesarerunningintomoreand

moreshiptrafficintheseremotewaters.Shipstrikesandbeingtrappedinfishinggeararecommoncauses

ofwhaleinjuryanddeath.

MaggieMooney-Seus,spokeswomanfortheAlaskaFisheriesScienceCenter,said,"Weareworking

todeterminefuturewhaleresearchplansthatmayhelpshedlightonthisandotherrelevantquestions."

24.Thereasonforthedie-offsoftheCaliforniagraywhalesis.

A.lackoffood.B.toomuchplasticrubbish.

C.heavyshiptraffic.D.stillunderinvestigation.

25.Whywere15graywhalesseenintheeasternBeaufortSea?

A.Theyprobablywerelookingforanewmigratingpath.

B.Theyprobablywereavoidingthenoisesoffishinggears.

C.Theyprobablywereexploringtheirnewfeedinggrounds.

D.Theyprobablywereescapingfrombeinghuntedbytheships.

26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"shedlighton"refertointhelastparagraph?

A.Clarify.B.Solve.C.Improve.D.Research.

【文章大意】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要講的是目前尚不清楚是什么原因?qū)е隆?021年的鯨

魚(yú)死亡，灰鯨滅絕的原因仍在調(diào)查中。

24.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Accordingtothescientistsinvolvedwiththeinvestigation,it's

stillunclearwhatcausedthe2021die-offandwhetherthewhaleswillfarebetterthisyear.（據(jù)參

與調(diào)查的科學(xué)家稱(chēng)，目前尚不清楚是什么原因?qū)е铝?021年的鯨魚(yú)死亡，以及今年鯨魚(yú)的情

況是否會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)）〃可知灰鯨相繼死去的原因尚不清楚，仍在調(diào)查中。應(yīng)選D。

25.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Butwiththeseaiceforminglaterinwinterandbreakingup

earlierinsummer,scientistswonderwhethergraywhaleswillcontinuetomovefarthereasttonew

feedingareas.（但由于冬季海冰形成較晚，夏季海冰分解較早，科學(xué)家們疑心灰鯨是否會(huì)繼續(xù)

向東遷移到新的覓食區(qū)）〃可知在波弗特海東部能看到15頭灰鯨的原因是它們可能正在探索

新的覓食地。應(yīng)選C。

26.A【解析】詞句猜想題。根據(jù)笫一題的分析可知，灰鯨相繼死去的原因尚不清楚。根據(jù)最后一段

“Weareworkingtodeterminefuturewhaleresearchplansthatmayhelpshedlightonthisandother

relevantquestions.（我們正在努力確定未來(lái)的鯨魚(yú)研究方案，這些方案可能有助于shedlighton

這一點(diǎn)和其他相關(guān)問(wèn)題）〃可知，我們制定的未來(lái)的鯨魚(yú)方案是可能有助于解釋清楚灰鯨相繼

死去的這一問(wèn)題和其他相關(guān)問(wèn)題的。所以shedlighton是指的是“解釋清楚〃，也就是澄清。

A.Clarify澄清；B.Solve解決;C.Improve改良；D.Research研究。應(yīng)選A。

C

Everwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogs

mayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.

Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unlesseventuallyvery

welltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,accordingtoastudypublishedin

thejournalScientificReports.

“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords,“said

researcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEotvosLorandUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,theteam

involvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwo

differentconditions.

Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,thedogswereableto

selectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchooseby

exclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.

However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,whentheywerepresented

withonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotally

confusedandfailed.

Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthe

nameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,

evenafterhearingitonly4times.t6Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren'sabilityto

learnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months,“Fugazzasays."Butwedonotknow

whetherthelearningmechanisms（機(jī)制）behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.〃

Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesame

condition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,confirmingthattheabilityto

learnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.

27.WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?

A.Tobettertraindogs'abilitytolearnnewwords.

B.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.

C.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.

D.Toexplorefavorableconditionsfbrgifteddogs,new-wordlearning.

28.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?

A.Slowtounderstand.B.Quicktolearn.C.Ataloss.D.Inapanic.

29.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs'new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?

A.Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.

B.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.

C.Dogs'new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.

D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.

B.DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusion.

C.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.

D.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.

【文章大意】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了狗狗通過(guò)訓(xùn)練能夠?qū)W習(xí)新的單詞。

27.D［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“'Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmay

learnnovelwords,'saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEotvosLorandUniversityin

Hungary."（匈牙利EotvosLorand大學(xué)的研究員ClaudiaFugazza說(shuō):“我們想知道這些有天賦

的狗在什么情況下可以學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。）可知研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情況下可以學(xué)習(xí)新

單詞。應(yīng)選D。

28.C［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynew

nametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedand

failed.w（事實(shí)上，當(dāng)給它們一個(gè)同樣的新名字來(lái)測(cè)試它們通過(guò)名字識(shí)別玩具的能力時(shí)，狗完

全困惑了，并失敗了。）可知，在第一種環(huán)境下狗非常的困惑。應(yīng)選C。

29.B［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayed

withtheirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethe

successfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.”（另一種情況是社

會(huì)性的，在這種情況下，狗狗和它們的主人一起玩耍，主人在和狗狗玩耍的同時(shí)念出了玩具

的名字。結(jié)果證明，即使只聽(tīng)了4次，狗狗也能成功地記住玩具的名字。）可推出，在社會(huì)性

條件下可以幫助狗狗學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞。應(yīng)選B。

30.A［解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Everwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchers

astheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthem

onlyfourtimes."（想知道狗狗能不能學(xué)會(huì)新單詞嗎?是的，研究人員稱(chēng)，因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，聰

明的狗狗可能只聽(tīng)四次就能掌握新單詞。）以及文章中的案例，可知本篇文章主要講述的是有

天賦的狗能快速學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。應(yīng)選A。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每題2分，總分值10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,

andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.

Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutand

offtotheparkinglot.31

Itturnsout,ifsjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.

Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwith

minimumdelay.32Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhave

downstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.

Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkaboutthe

probability:33Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.

Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snaking

line-calledaserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.34

Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatone

registerwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittle

bitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.

35Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'tafford

thespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.

A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?

B.Sowhydon*tmostplacesencourageseipentinelines?

C.Someofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.

D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.

E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?

F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.

G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.

【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了雜貨店排隊(duì)方式以及研究人員提出的蛇形隊(duì)伍的新方

式，并分析了各自的利弊。

31.A下文“Itturnsout,ifsjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.（原

來(lái)，這只是你的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題；很可能，另一個(gè)隊(duì)伍真的更快。）〃解釋了上文“Youchosewrong.（你

選錯(cuò)了）〃的原因，下文與空格處是因果關(guān)系，所以本空應(yīng)該是對(duì)前文選錯(cuò)提出疑惑，應(yīng)選A

項(xiàng)。

32.G上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthrough

withminimumdelay.（雜貨店盡量讓足夠的員工在結(jié)賬時(shí)讓所有的顧客以最小的延誤完成結(jié)

賬“解釋了雜貨店之前的工作模式，下文“Anysmallinterruptionapricecheck,achatty

customer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.（任何——個(gè)小小的中斷，——個(gè)

價(jià)格檢查，一個(gè)喋喋不休的顧客，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生下游效應(yīng)，拖住整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線。）〃描述了雜貨店

的特殊情況，故本空應(yīng)該填出現(xiàn)特殊情況的原因，應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)。

33.D根據(jù)上文“Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.

（如果雜貨店中有三列隊(duì)伍，延遲將在不同的隊(duì)伍中隨機(jī)發(fā)生。）〃聯(lián)系下文"So"snotjustin

yourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.（所以這不僅僅是在你的腦海里：另一條隊(duì)伍

可能移動(dòng)得更快。）〃可知本空說(shuō)的是任何一個(gè)隊(duì)伍都有可能出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。你的隊(duì)伍跑得最快的

幾率只有三分之一。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

34.F根據(jù)“上文Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.（我們得知研究人員有一個(gè)很好

的方法來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題）“以及下文"Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.

Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedup

behindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonelittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.（這個(gè)大多數(shù)

銀行和快餐店都是這樣做的。有了一條蜿蜒的隊(duì)伍，在一個(gè)登記處長(zhǎng)時(shí)間拖延不會(huì)不公平地

懲罰后面排隊(duì)的人。相反，它會(huì)減慢每個(gè)人一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，但加快了整體結(jié)帳速度。）〃說(shuō)明這個(gè)新

方案迅速有效，聯(lián)系上下文可知，空格中應(yīng)該是與舊的結(jié)賬方案作比擬。應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。

35.B結(jié)合下文“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan*taffordthe

spaceormanpower.（要保持一條生產(chǎn)線的快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，需要很多的收銀機(jī)，而且有些商店負(fù)擔(dān)

不起空間和人力。）〃說(shuō)明了一個(gè)原因，由此可知，空格處提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題；通過(guò)“Ittakesmany

registerstokeeponelinemovingquickly.（保持?條生產(chǎn)線的快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)）”可知這里描述的是不

鼓勵(lì)蛇形隊(duì)伍的原因。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

第三局部語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，總分值45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題；每題分，總分值30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正

確選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Even15yearsaftermygrandfathersdeath,heisstillfollowingmearound,36inmyearon

whattodo.HeisstilltheBritish-accented37inmyhead,givingmeanodof38formy

rightchoice,andraisinganeyebrow39hedisagreeswithsomethingFmdoing.Hiswiseand

optimisticviews40toaffectmylife.

Mygrandfatherwalked10,000steps41everyday,andnotbecausehehada$100fitness

tracker42himtodoso.Insteadof“exercising,“heworkedinhisgarden,43vegetables

thatkeptourfamilythroughmanywintersandrosesthatwerethejoyofmanysummers.

Hewasgoodtothe44inthewaythatpeopleusedtobebeforetheyhadtobetolditwasthe

45_thingtodo.Actually,henever46acarorlearnedtodrive,sohewalkedeverywherehe

couldandtookabustherestofthetime.

Aftermygrandmotherdied,Iusedtogoand17withhimonweekends.Wewalkedaround,

chattedtotheneighbors,andwenttothe48fbrfoodandmilk.OccasionallyIwould49a

littlecakeforhiminhiskitchen.Attheendoftheday,beforehe50thelight,hewouldsay,“That

wasa（a）51day.Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.〃Ineverdoubtedforamomentthathe52

it.

Inthemorning,I'd53tohiswhistlinginthekitchendownstairs（usuallyitwasRaindrops

KeepFallingonMrHead）.Atthetime,it54me-Iamnotamorningperson-butnowFdgive

anythingtohearthat55onemoretime.

36.A.singingB.ringingC.whisperingD.asking

37.A.adviserB.storytellerC.professorD.director

38.A.thanksB.greetingC.approvalD.confidence

39.A.untilB.thoughC.unlessD.when

40.A.failB.continueC.happe