初中動詞不定式專題講解與練習全面

./語法：動詞不定式動詞不定動式是一種非謂語動詞形式,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能作謂語,但可以作除謂語之外的其它任何句子成分〔主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語；動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,同時還保持動詞的某些特點,既可以有自己的賓語和狀語,動詞不定式和它的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。構(gòu)成：todo.否定式nottodo常見時態(tài)：一般時todo進行時tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成進行式tohavebeendoing三、動詞不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主語：現(xiàn)實中常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語動詞不定式〔或短語后置。比較下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.TochatwithMissWhiteisapleasantthing.=ItisapleasantthingtochatwithMissWhite.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.句型總結(jié)Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞〔如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等作表語時,不定式之前常加一個引起的短語,說明不定式指的是誰的情況〔可以理解為某人的好,壞,聰明,愚蠢,對,錯等等。Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.Itis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的,則在不定式前加一個for引起的短語,即不定式的邏輯主語。Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.動詞不定式作主語練習

1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.

A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans<XX省>

2.It'shardforus_____Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning<XX省>

3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM工人們一年多的時間。

Itwill______theworkersoverayear_________theflyover.<北京市海淀區(qū)>

4.It'sverynice_____youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.

A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to<XX省>KEYS:1.A2.C3.take,tobuild4.B2、作句子的表語：不定式放在be動詞后面,用作表語如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Mydreamistoownarobot.Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.3、作句子的賓語：不定式放在及物動詞后,用作賓語。能跟不定式作賓語的動詞〔及物很多,常見的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theybegantoreadandwrite.Sheforgottoclosethedoor.HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.IhopetospeakEnglishwell.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.Johndoesn’twanttobethehostofthecharityshow.Theyaretryingtosolvetheproblembyhimself.Millionsofpeoplehavelearnedtousecomputers.有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同：forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事stoptodosth.停下來去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來在做的事needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Fathermuststopsmoking.Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.注意1：動詞不定式作賓語時如帶有賓語補足語,則要把不定式放在后面,用it作形式主語,構(gòu)成"主語+動詞+it+賓補〔形容詞、名詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.注意2：常用帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。構(gòu)成"vt,+sb.+<not>todosth."結(jié)構(gòu)。Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Mr.Luasksuetohandinourhomeworkontime.ThedocteradvisedMr.Greentodrinkmorewater.Mr.Wutellsthestudentsnottoshoutinclass.Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.注意3：不定式作賓補省去to的情況<在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉>常用省去to的動詞不定式作補足語的動詞有：一感〔feel、二聽〔hear,listento、三讓〔make,let,have、四看〔lookat,see,watch,notice,observe、半幫助help〔可帶to,也可不帶tohelpsb<to>dosthImadehimtodohiswork..makesb.dosth.Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.listentosb.dosth.Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.feelsb.dosth.Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.makesb.dosth.Youmustwatchmetodoeverythingwatchsb.dosth.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.letsb.dosth.Heoftenhelps<to>cleantheroom.Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus<to>learnEnglish.被動語to要加上Hewasmadetodohiswork<byme>Theyaremadetoworkfor12hoursaday.Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatfoodaftertheoperation.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.動詞不定式作賓語練習Hewants___somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys<XX省>Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.

A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking<XX省>Hefounditverydifficult___sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep<XX省>4.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith<XX省>

5.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.

A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked<XX省>6.Wesawhim___thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered<XX省>

7.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem__verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel8.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.

A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup<XX省>

9.Iwasmade___myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did

Keys：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C6.B7.D8.C9.C

4、作句子的定語：不定式作定語時,應放在被修飾詞的后面作后置定語。如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.Wehavealotworktodo.Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.live是不及物動詞Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.worry是不及物動詞MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.沒有必要去煩他Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?重要的事情去告訴我I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么去擔心I’mthirsty.Givemesomethingtodrink.給我些東西去喝Springisthebestseasontoplanttrees.春季是最好的季節(jié)去種樹Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有機會去上大學動詞不定式作定語練習1.Wouldyoulikesomething____?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks<XX省>

2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo<XX省>

3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith<XX省>5、作句子的狀語：動詞不定式位于不及物動詞之后作狀語,可作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語。cometodosth.gotodosth.stoptodosth.inorder<not>todotoo+adj.+todosth.adj.\adv.+enoughtodosthsoasto,enoughto,onlyto,ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.〔目的Let’sstoptohavearest.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.〔結(jié)果Herunsfastenoughtocatchahorse.I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.〔原因Wearesurprisedtoseesuchbeautifulanimals.InordertoimprovehisEnglish,TomgoestotheEnglishcornereveryday.Iwastootiredtofallsleep.Sheranfasttocatchthefirstbus.Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.目的Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.<目的>I’mtootiredtodowell.結(jié)果Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.結(jié)果動詞不定式做狀語練習1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing<XX省>

2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.

A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns<XX省>3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear<XX省>

4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled<XX省>

5.Mymotherwasveryglad___heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets

6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.<改為意思相同的句子>

Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.<XX省>

7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.<改為意思相同的句子>

Theiceonthelakewasn't____enough__people______________.<XX省>KEYS：1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on六、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what,which,who或疑問副詞how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用,在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等,或者單獨使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不帶to。例如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.〔作賓語Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.〔作主語注意：單獨使用時相當于一個特殊疑問句。Whattodonext?<=Whatwillwe/youdonext?>Whygothere?<=Whydowe/yougothere?>在與why連用時,只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中,后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。Whynothavearest?Howtodoitisaproblem.<=Howweshoulddoit.>Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.<=whatIshouldwriteabout>Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.<=whereweshouldputthemachine>IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.<=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell>Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.Pleaseshowushowtousethecomputer.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.動詞不定式專項練習：一、填空1.——你父親愿意去購物嗎？——不,他寧可在家聽音樂?！狣oesyourfatherwanttogoshopping?——No,heathome.2.他們覺得有必要幫助殘疾人。Theyfoundthedisabled.3.奧黛麗.赫本大部分時間致力于電影事業(yè)。AudreyHepburnthefilmindustry.4.叫孩子們不要輕視窮人。Tellthepoor.5．He.<寧愿呆在家里也不愿去看電影>6．Father<習慣于看報>aftersupper.7.Ifsomeonelaughsatyou,youshould.<不理睬>KEYS:1,prefersto\wouldratherlistentomusic2,it<was>necessarytohelp3,devotedmostofhertimeto4,childrennottolookdownon5,prefersstayingathometogoingtothecinema6,isusedtoreadingnewspapers,7,paynoattentiontohim二,選擇1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.Didyougetajob?No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadKEYS:15BDCBD610CBABD1114BAAC三、選擇1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeKEYS:15ABBBB610ABCAC1115BCAAD四．填空1.Peterwas________<make>outside.2.He_________<behear>unlockthedoorandgoout.3.Themanwasseen_______<shoot>thewomanonthestreet.Theoldladywasnoticed______<wipe>herfacewithahandkerchief.Iforgottoaskyou____gotothebank.Itisveryimportant______<turnoff>theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.Iknowhow_________<make>amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmorework_________.Shewasverypleased______<have>theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis______<get>marriedandhaveachild.KEYS:1.madetowait2.washeardtounlock3.toshoot4.towipe5.to6.toturnoff7.tomake8.todo9.tohave10.get五、真題練習1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.<20XX北京>A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.<20XXXX>A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout3.___isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.<20XXXX省>A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its4.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.<20XXXX市>A.for;tohelpB.for;helpingC.of;tohelp