Module4Unit2Whatisthebestwaytotravel？知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)張

教材語境

I

am

planning

to

travel

from

London

to

Amsterdam.

我正打算從倫敦到阿姆斯特丹旅行。（教材P28）&1&

plan

v.

計(jì)劃；打算She

originally

planned

to

be

a

doctor.她原本打算當(dāng)醫(yī)生。It

was

midnight,

but

he

was

still

awake

thinking

about

the

teaching

plan.午夜了，但是他仍然醒著，思考教學(xué)計(jì)劃。（選自雞西中考）語境串記I'm

planning（v.）

to

take

a

vacation

to

Huangshan

Mountain.

What's

your

plan（n.）

for

the

vacation?

我正打算去黃山度假。你的假期計(jì)劃是什么？教材語境

How

long

does

the

journey

take

and

what

is

the

best

way

to

travel?

這趟旅程要花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間？最佳的旅行方式是什么？（教材P28）&2&

how

long

多長時(shí)間；多長&3&

（1）此處用來詢問時(shí)間長短，與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用?；卮鸪Ｓ?（For+）時(shí)間段"?！狧ow

long

did

he

stay

here?

他在這兒待了多久?—About

two

hours.

大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（2）還可以用來詢問某物的長度，表示"多長"?！狧ow

long

is

the

river?這條河有多長？—About

20

千米。&4&

含有how的其他特殊疑問短語：how

soon"多久"，主要用來對(duì)"in+時(shí)間段"進(jìn)行提問。how

often"多久一次"，主要用來對(duì)"頻度副詞"或"一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)"進(jìn)行提問。how

far"多遠(yuǎn)"，

主要用來對(duì)"距離"進(jìn)行提問。常用"...minutes'/hours'

walk"（步行……分鐘/小時(shí)的路程）或"...minutes'/hours'

drive"（……分鐘/小時(shí)的車程）等回答。&5&

journey/?d???ni/

n.

旅行；旅程&6&

journey,

trip,

tour與traveljourney指從一地到另一地，通常指較長距離的陸路、海路或空中的旅行，并且是有預(yù)定地點(diǎn)的長途旅行。trip通常指短程往返的"旅行，出行"，也可以指長途旅行。在非正式用語中有時(shí)可代替journey。tour主要目的是游覽或視察，距離可長可短，常帶有"最后回到出發(fā)地"的含義。travel作"旅行，游歷"講，一般表示從一地到另一地旅行這一總的概念。常指長時(shí)間、遠(yuǎn)距離的"旅行"，尤指出國旅行。A

thousand-mile

journey

begins

with

the

first

step.

千里之行，始于足下。They

made

a

boat

trip

to

the

island

last

month

and

had

great

fun

there.他們上個(gè)月乘船去了那個(gè)島，并且在那兒玩得很開心。I

want

to

make

a

tour

around

Europe.我想環(huán)游歐洲。I

am

reading

a

novel

about

the

travel

to

space.

我正在讀一本關(guān)于太空旅行的小說。&8&

該句型是一種委婉的說法，表示禮貌地請(qǐng)求?？膳c"Will/Would

you

please...?"互相轉(zhuǎn)換。教材語境

Could

you

please

tell

me

about

the

trains

or

ships

to

get

there?

請(qǐng)問你能告訴我去那兒的火車或輪船的情況嗎？（教材P28）&7&

Could

you

please...?Could

you

please

give

us

a

short

answer?

請(qǐng)問你能給我們一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的答復(fù)嗎？&9&

該句型的答語：肯定回答：Sure./Of

course./OK./All

right./...否定回答：Sorry./I'm

sorry./...—Could

you

please

tell

me

the

way

to

the

museum?

請(qǐng)問你能告訴我去博物館的路嗎？—Sure./Of

course./Sorry,

I'm

new

here.

當(dāng)然可以。/當(dāng)然可以。/對(duì)不起,

我剛來到這里。教材語境

A

journey

by

train

is

more

relaxing

than

by

coach，but

a

lot

more

expensive.

乘火車旅行比乘長途汽車旅行更令人放松，但是也貴得多。（教材P28）&10&

a

lot

的用法&11&

此處作副詞短語，修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。常見用法：典例1

(達(dá)州中考改編)—Which

country

has

a

________

population,

China

or

Canada?—China.

Canada

is

a

lot

________

crowded

than

China.(

)AA.bigger;

less

B.bigger;

muchC.smaller;

less

D.smaller;

little【解析】句意：——哪個(gè)國家的人口更多，中國還是加拿大？——中國。加拿大沒中國那么擁擠。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，中國人口更多。問句是詢問哪個(gè)國家的人口更多，故第一空填bigger；答句中的a

lot和than提示第二空應(yīng)與crowded一起構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，故填less。

選A。教材語境

You

can

go

by

car

and

by

ship

across

the

North

Sea.

你可以坐車和乘船穿過北海。（教材P28）&12&

across

prep.

穿過；橫過&13&

&14&

across，through與over三者都含有"從……一邊到另一邊"之意,但用法有所區(qū)別。across指從事物表面的一邊到另一邊，如：過河、過馬路等。through指從事物的內(nèi)部穿過，如：穿過洞穴、隧道、森林等。over指翻過一個(gè)高的障礙物（如樹、墻、籬笆和山脈等）到另一側(cè)的動(dòng)作。語境串記Jim,

if

you

want

to

climb

over

the

mountain,

you'll

have

to

swim

across

the

river

first,

and

then

walk

through

the

forest.吉姆，如果你想翻過那座山，你得先游過這條河，接著穿過那片森林。典例2

(連云港中考)The

traffic

light

is

green.

Let's

go

___

the

road.C

【解析】against"反對(duì)，違背"；among"在……之中"；across"穿過，橫過"；above"在……上方"。根據(jù)前句句意"交通燈是綠燈"可知，此處是說"我們過馬路吧"。故選C。&15&

book/b?k/

v.

預(yù)訂&16&

教材語境

Book

your

ticket

before

you

book

your

hotel.

預(yù)訂旅館之前先訂好票。（教材P28）&17&

此處作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。And

try

to

book

a

non-stop

flight.

試著預(yù)訂直達(dá)航班。（選自遼陽中考）（及物動(dòng)詞）Book

early，or

the

tickets

will

sell

out.

提早預(yù)訂，否則票就賣完了。（不及物動(dòng)詞）&18&

book與orderbook指預(yù)訂旅館的房間、飯店席位或出行的車票、機(jī)票等。order通常指訂購、訂貨，尤指書面下訂單，也可指就餐時(shí)點(diǎn)酒、點(diǎn)菜等。語境串記I

booked

a

table

for

four

for

7

pm，

and

I

ordered

asandwich

specially

for

you.

我預(yù)訂了晚上七點(diǎn)的四人桌,并且我專門給你點(diǎn)了個(gè)三明治。典例3

(安徽中考)—Hello,

Beijing

Hotel.

Can

I

help

you?—Yes,

I'd

like

to

___

a

single

room

for

two

nights.C

【解析】句意：——您好，北京酒店。請(qǐng)問您需要什么服務(wù)嗎？——是的，我想預(yù)訂兩個(gè)晚上的單人房間。enter"進(jìn)入"；move"移動(dòng)"；book"預(yù)訂"；provide"提供"。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示"預(yù)訂房間"，應(yīng)用book。故選C。&19&

outside/?a?t?sa?d/

prep.

在……之外

adv.

在外面；朝戶外

n.

外面；外部

adj.

外部的；外表的教材語境

Remember

that

parking

in

Amsterdam

isvery

expensive，so

stay

outside

the

city

centre

and

travel

in

by

bus

or

by

train.

記住，在阿姆斯特丹停車很貴，所以（最好）住在市中心外面，再乘公共汽車或火車進(jìn)入市中心。（教材P28）You

can

park

your

car

outside

our

house.你可以把汽車停在我們家外面。Go

outside

and

see

if

it's

是否在下雨。It's

cold

outside.

You'd

better

put

on

your

coat

when

you

go

out.外面冷，你出去的時(shí)候最好穿上外套。（選自恩施州中考）You

can't

open

the

door

from

the

outside.

你從外邊打不開這扇門。

The

outside

walls

are

red.

外墻是紅色的。&20&

park/pɑ?k/

v.

停放（車）；泊（車）&21&

此處作不及物動(dòng)詞，也可作及物動(dòng)詞。You

can't

park

here.此處不準(zhǔn)停車。（不及物動(dòng)詞）He

showed

me

where

to

park

the

car.

他給我指了指在哪里停車。（及物動(dòng)詞）&23&

該固定句型表示"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間"

。其中It是形式主語，真正的主語是to

dosth.,take意為"花費(fèi)"。教材語境

And

it

takes

you

about

twelve

hours

to

get

there.

并且到那里要花費(fèi)你大約12個(gè)小時(shí)。（教材P28）&22&

.

.Ittakes/took

sb.

some

timeto

do

sth.It

took

us

about

half

an

hour

to

get

to

the

airport.=We

spent

about

half

an

hour

（in）

getting

to

the

airport.到機(jī)場(chǎng)花了我們大約半個(gè)小時(shí)。該句型可與"Sb.spends/spentsometime（in）doingsth."或"Sb.spends/spentsometimeonsth."相互轉(zhuǎn)換。典例4

(龍東中考)It

___

Zhang

Guimei

many

years

to

help

about

1,800

girl

studentsin

poor

areas

realize

their

collegedreams.A

【解析】句意：張桂梅花了許多年的時(shí)間幫助貧困地區(qū)大約1

800名女學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)了她們的大學(xué)夢(mèng)。此處是"It

takes/took

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth."句型，意為"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間"。故選A。教材語境

However，it

will

not

cost

as

much

as

goingby

train.

然而，它不會(huì)像乘火車那樣花那么多錢。（教材P28）&24&

however/ha??ev?/

adv.

然而；但是&25&

however與but兩者都可表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但用法上有區(qū)別。however作副詞，位于句首、句中、句末均可。用逗號(hào)與句子其他部分隔開。but作并列連詞，位于所引出的分句之首。but之后一般不用逗號(hào)。However,

lying

to

stay

out

of

trouble

can

lead

to

more

trouble

in

the

end.

然而，為了遠(yuǎn)離麻煩而撒謊最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的麻煩。（選自安順中考）We

make

a

living

by

what

we

get,but

we

make

a

life

by

what

we

give.

我們生存靠的是我們所得到的東西，但我們生活靠的卻是我們所付出的東西。（選自荊門中考）However&28&

此處作及物動(dòng)詞，其主語一般為物。其過去式是cost。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：物+cost（s）（sb.）+錢"某物花費(fèi)（某人）多少錢"。&26&

cost/k?st/

v.價(jià)錢為；花費(fèi)n.價(jià)錢；成本；代價(jià)

&27&

The

training

shoes

cost

me

220

yuan.

這雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋花了我220元。&29&

作名詞，常見含義:（1）"價(jià)錢；費(fèi)用"，作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞均可。It

is

reported

that

the

cost

of

living

has

been

rising

around

the

world

in

recent

years.

據(jù)報(bào)道，近年來世界各地的生活費(fèi)用一直在上漲。（選自宜賓中考）（2）"成本"，通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式costs出現(xiàn)。We

have

to

raise

our

prices

because

of

rising

costs.

因?yàn)槌杀静粩嗌蠞q，我們不得不提高價(jià)格。（3）"代價(jià)"，作不可數(shù)名詞。She

saved

the

little

boy

from

the

fire

at

the

cost

of

her

own

life.

她以犧牲自己的生命為代價(jià)把小男孩從火中救了出來。&30&

cost，spend,

take與paycostspendtakepayThe

meal

cost

us

about

＄40.

這頓飯花了我們約40美元。You

spent

too

much

time

on

TV.=You

spent

too

much

time

（in）watching

TV.

你花了太多時(shí)間在（看）電視上。It

took

us

over

4

years

to

build

the

Metro

Line

1.

建地鐵1號(hào)線花了我們四年多的時(shí)間。I

paid

＄40

for

a

skirt.

我花40美元買了條裙子。D

【解析】句意：這條裙子花了我媽媽300元。"物"作主語時(shí)用動(dòng)詞cost，故選D。教材語境

It

is

the

fastest

and

the

second

cheapest，but

you

may

have

to

wait

for

hours

at

the

airport

because

of

bad

weather.

它是最快的也是第二便宜的，但你可能會(huì)因?yàn)樵愀獾奶鞖獠坏貌辉跈C(jī)場(chǎng)等上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。（教材P28）&33&

該結(jié)構(gòu)意為"第……個(gè)最……的（……）"。&31&

the+

序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)（+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）

&32&

The

second

largest

rainforest

is

in

Western

Africa.

第二大雨林在西非。（選自寧波中考）Tea

is

the

world's

second

most

popular

drink

（after

water）.

茶是世界上第二受歡迎的飲品（僅次于水）。（選自濱州中）典例7

(丹東中考)As

we

all

know,

the

Yellow

River

is

___

longest

river

in

China.B

twice

second

【解析】句意：眾所周知，黃河是中國的第二長河。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，黃河是中國第二長的河流，此處表示順序，且為"the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"第…