雅思英語考試經(jīng)典資料匯編1：Introduction

Cambridge

PracticeTestsforIELTS

1

VanessaJakeman

ClareMcDowell

CAMBRIDGE

UNIVERSITYPRESS

PUBLISHEDBYTHFPRESSSYNDICATEOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEThePittBuildingTrumpingtonStreetCambridgeCB21RPUnitedKingdom

CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS

TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB22RU,UnitedKingdom

40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011-4211,USA

10StamfordRoad,Oakleigh,Melbourne3166,Australia

?CambridgeUniversityPress1996

Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception

andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,

noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout

thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.

Firstpublished1996

Thirdprinting1997

PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge

ISBN0521497671Self-StudyStudent`sBook

ISBN0521497663Setof2cassettes

Copyright

Thelawallowsareadertomakeasinglecopyofpartofabook

forpurposesofprivatestudy.Itdoesnotallowthecopyingof

entirebooksorthemakingofmultiplecopiesofextracts.Written

permissionforanysuchcopyingmustalwaysbeobtainedfromthe

publisherinadvance.

Acknowledgements

Wewouldliketothankthestaffandstudentsofthefollowinginstitutionsfortheirassistanceintriallingthesematerials:

WollongongEnglishLanguageCentre;AustralianCollegeofEnglish,Sydney;HongKongPolytechnic;WaratahEducationCentre,Sydney;InternationalHouse,Queensland;MiltonEnglishLanguageCentre,Sydney;OxfordAcademyofEnglish.

Inaddition,anumberofournon-Englishspeakingfriendswerekindenoughtotrialthematerialsintheirearlyformats

Theauthorsandpublishersaregratefultothefollowingforpermissiontoreproducecopyrightmaterial.

Focusmagazinefortheextractonpp.20-21fromAspark,aflint:howfirelepttolife;BBC

WILDLIFEMagazinefortheextractonpp.24-5fromShowboatasArk;TheGuardianfortheextractonpp.28-9fromArchitecture—ReachingfortheSkybyRuthColemanandforthe

graphsonpp.31and72;GeoffMaslenfortheextractonpp.40-41fromTheRightsoftheLeft,publishedbyGoodWeekendmagazine;NationalGeographicmagazinefortheextractandmaponpp.44-5fromAmerica’sBeekeepers:HivesforHirebyAlanMairson,NationalGeographic,May1993,andfortheextractonpp.80-81fromGlass:CapturingtheDanceofLightby

WilliamSEllis,NationalGeographic,December1993;theextractonpp.48-9isreprintedfromTheTouristGaze,?JohnUrry1990,bypermissionofSagePublicationsLtd;TheEuropeanfortheextractonpp.60-61fromSpokenCorpusConiestoLife,fortheextractonpp.64-5from

Hobbitshappyashomesgounderground,andfortheextractonpp.84-5fromWhysomewomencrossthefinishlineaheadofmenbyAndrewCrisp;TheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofNew

SouthWalesfortheextractonpp.87-8fromanarticlebyHughPossmghaminConservationofAustralia’sForestFauna;Moulmex/Swanfortheextractandillustrationsonpp.94-5from

InstructionsforaMoulmexIron;CambridgeCoachServicesfortheextractonp.96;

InternationalStudentsHousefortheextractsonp.99andp.101fromtheInternational

Students’A-Z:AguidetostudyingandlivinginLondon;GoreandOsmentPublicationsforthediagramonp51andtheextractonpp.102-3fromTheScienceandTechnologyProjectBook;

BBCGoodFoodMagazinefortheextractfromSpaceInvaders,BBCGoodFoodMagazine,

January1995,onwhichPracticeTest3,Listening,Section4isbased;UniversityofWestminsterfortheextractfromGettingitright:Essentialinformationforinternationalstudentsonwhich

PracticeTest4,Listening,Section2isbased:theIELTSReadingandListeninganswersheetsarereproducedbypermissionoftheUniversityofCambridgeLocalExaminationsSyndicate.

Photographsp.20TheSciencePhotoLibrary/AdamHartDavis;p.80(top)ImageBank;p.80(bottom)DamienLovegrove.

Theillustrationonp.84isreproducedbypermissionofMmCooper/TheEuropean.ThedrawingsarebyJulianPage.MapsanddiagramsbyHardLines.

BookdesignbyPeterDuckerMSTD

ThecassetterecordingwasproducedbyJamesRichardsonatStudioAVP,London

iv

1

Introdution

Introduction

TOTHESTUDENT

Aboutthebook

Thisbookhasbeenwrittenforcandidatespreparingfortherevisedversion

oftheInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem,knownasIELTS.

ThisisatestdesignedtoassesstheEnglishlanguageskillsofnon-English

speakingstudentsseekingtostudyinanEnglishspeakingcountry.

Aimsofthebook

—toprepareyouforthetestbyfamiliarisingyouwiththetypesoftexts

andtasksthatyouwillmeetintheIELTStest,andthelevelandstyleof

languageusedinthetest.

—tohelpyouprepareforyourstudiesatuniversityorcollege

byintroducingyoutothetypesofcommunicationtaskswhichyouare

likelytomeetinEnglishspeakingstudyenvironment.

Contentofthebook

ThebookcontainsfourcompletesampleIELTStests,eachcomprising

ListeningandSpeakingmodulesandAcademicReadingandWritingmodules.InadditionthereisonesetoftheGeneralTrainingReadingandWriting

modules.(NBallcandidatesdothesameListeningandSpeakingmodules.)

Toaccompanytheteststhereisananswerkeyatthebackofthebookandyoushouldrefertothisafteryouhaveattemptedeachofthepracticetests.Also

includedisanannotatedcopyofthelisteningtapescriptswiththeappropriatesectionshighlightedtohelpyoutocheckyouranswers.Inaddition,youwillfindonemodelanswerforeachtypeofwritingtasktoguideyouwithyour

writing.ThereisacomprehensivekeyfortheReadingandListeningsections,butifyouareinanydoubtaboutyouranswers,talktoateacheroranEnglish

speakingfriend.Whereyouarerequiredtoanswerinyourownwords,theanswermustbeaccurateinbothmeaningaswellasgrammarinordertobescoredcorrect.

BenefitsofstudyingforIELTS

BystudyingforIELTSyouwillnotonlybepreparingforthetestbutalso

foryourfutureasastudentinanEnglishspeakingenvironment.Thetest

isdesignedtoassessyourabilitytounderstandandproducewrittenand

spokenlanguageinaneducationalcontext.Thebookmakesreferenceto

thewaysinwhichuniversitystudyisorganisedinmanyEnglishspeaking

countriesandthetypesofacademictasksyouwillbeexpectedtoperform.

2

Introdution

Theseinclude:

?Readingandunderstandingwrittenacademicortraininglanguage

?Writingassignmentsinanappropriatestyleforuniversitystudyorwithinatrainingcontext

?Listeningtoandcomprehendingspokenlanguageinbothlectureformataswellasformalandinformalconversationalstyle

?Speakingtocolleaguesandlecturersongeneralandgiventopicsinformalandinformalsituations

Descriptionofthetest

TherearetwoversionsoftheIELTStest:

AcademicModule

forstudentsseekingentrytoauniversityorinstitutionofhighereducationoffering

degreeanddiplomacourses

GeneralTrainingModule

forstudentsseekingentrytoasecondaryschoolortovocationaltrainingcourses

Note:Allcandidatesmusttakeatestforeachofthefourskills:listening,

reading,writingandspeaking.AllcandidatestakethesameListeningand

SpeakingmodulesbutmaychoosebetweentheAcademicorGeneralTrainingversionsoftheReadingandWritingsectionsofthetest.Youshouldseek

advicefromateacherorastudentadviserifyouareinanydoubtabout

whethertositfortheAcademicmodulesortheGeneralTrainingmodules.

Thetwodonotcarrythesameweightandarenotinterchangeable.

Testformat

Listening4sections,around40questions30minutes+transfertime

AcademicReading3sections,around40questions60minutesORGeneralTrainingReading3sections,around40questions60minutes

AcademicWriting2tasks60minutesORGeneralTrainingWriting2tasks60

minutes

Speaking10to15minutes

Totaltesttime2hours45minutes

3

Introdution

WHATDOESTHETESTCONSISTOF?

TheListeningModule

Requirements

Youmustlistentofour

separatesectionsandanswerquestionsasyoulisten.Youwillhearthetapeonceonly.

Therewillbebetween38and42questions.Thetestwill

takeabout30minutes.Therewillbetimetoreadthe

questionsduringthetestandtimetotransferyouranswersontotheanswersheetattheendofthetest.

Thelevelofdifficultyofthetextsandtasksincreases

throughthepaper.

Situationtypes

Thefirsttwosectionsare

basedonsocial

situations.Therewillbeaconversationbetweentwospeakersandthenamonologue.

Thesecondtwosections

arerelatedtoan

educationalortrainingcontext.Therewillbeaconversationwithuptofourspeakersanda

lectureortalkofgeneralacademicinterest.

Questiontypes

Youwillmeetavarietyofquestiontypeswhichmayinclude:

·multiplechoice

·shortanswerquestions·sentencecompletion

·notes/summary/flow

chart/tablecompletion

·labellingadiagram

whichhasnumberedparts·matching

AcademicReadingModule

Requirements

Youmustreadthreereadingpassageswithatotalof1500to2500words.

Therewillbebetween38and42questions.Youwillhave

60minutestoanswerallthequestions.

Thelevelofdifficultyofthetextsandtasksincreases

throughthepaper.

Typesofmaterial

Magazines,journals,

textbooksand

newspapers.

Topicsarenotdisciplinespecificbutallareinastyleappropriateand

accessibletocandidatesenteringpostgraduate

andundergraduate

courses.

Questiontypes

Youwillmeetavarietyofquestiontypeswhichmayinclude:

?multiplechoice

?shortanswerquestions

?sentencecompletion

?notes/summary/flowchart/tablecompletion

?choosingfromabankofheadings

?identificationofwriter`sviewsorattitudes(Yes/

No/Notgiven)

?classification

?matchinglists

?matchingphrases

ule

4

Introdution

Youshouldspend

about40minutesonTask2andwriteatleast250words.

Requirements

Youmustcompletetwowritingtasks.

Youwillhave60

minutestocompletebothtasks.

Youshouldspend

about20minutesonTask1andwriteatleast150words.

Mod

Yourwritingwillbeassessedonyourabilityto:

?organise,presentandcomparedata

?describethestagesofaprocess

?describeanobjectorevent

?explainhowsomethingworks

Youwillalsobejudgedonyourabilityto:

?answerthequestionwithoutstrayingfromthetopic

?writeinawaywhichallowsyourreadertofollowyourideas

?useEnglishgrammarandsyntaxaccurately

?useappropriatelanguageintermsofregister,styleandcontent

Task2

Youwillhavetopresentanargumentordiscussaproblem.

Yourwritingwillbeassessedonyourabilityto:

?presentthesolutiontoaproblem

?presentandjustifyanopinion

?compareandcontrastevidenceandopinions

?evaluateandchallengeideas,evidenceoranargument

Youwillalsobejudgedonyourabilityto:

?communicateanideatothereaderinanappropriatestyle

?addresstheproblemwithoutstrayingfromthetopic

?useEnglishgrammarandsyntaxaccurately

?useappropriatelanguageintermsofregister,styleandcontent

Tasktypes

TaskI

Youwillhavetolookatadiagram,atableorshortpieceoftextandthenpresenttheinformationinyourownwords.

5

Introdution

GeneralTrainingReadingModule

Requirements

Youmustanswerquestionsonthreesectionsof

increasingdifficultywithatotalof1,500to2,500

words.

Therewillbebetween38and42questions.Youwillhave60minutestoanswerallthequestions.

Thelevelofdifficultyofthetextsandtasksincreases

throughthepaper.

Typesofmaterial

Notices,advertisements,booklets,newspapers,

leaflets,timetables,booksandmagazinearticles.

Section1

Socialsurvival—

retrievingfactual

information

Section2

Trainingsurvival—

languageinatraining

context

Section3

Generalreading—

extendedprosewith

emphasisondescriptiveandinstructivetextsofgeneralinterest

Questiontypes

Youwillmeetavarietyofquestiontypes,whichmayinclude:

?multiplechoice

?shortanswerquestions

?sentencecompletion

?notes/summary/flowchart/tablecompletion

?choosingfromabankofheadings

?identificationofwriter’sviewsorattitudes(Yes/No/Notgiven)

?classification

?matchinglists

?matchingphrases

6

Introdution

GeneralTrainingWritingModule

Requirements

Youmustcompletetwowritingtasks.Youwillhave60minutesto

completebothtasks.

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonTask1andwriteatleast150words.

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonTask2andwriteatleast250words.

Tasktypes

Task1

Youwillhavetowriteashortletterinresponsetoagivenproblemorsituation.

Yourwritingwillbeassessedonyourabilityto:

?engageinpersonalcorrespondence

?elicitandprovidegeneralfactualinformation

?expressneeds,wants,likesanddislikes

?expressopinions

Youwillalsobejudgedonyourabilityto:

?answerthequestionwithoutstrayingfromthetopic

?writeinawaywhichallowsyourreadertofollowyourideas

?useEnglishgrammarandsyntaxaccurately

?useappropriatelanguageintermsofregister,styleandcontent

Task2

Youwillhavetopresentanargumentordiscussaproblem.

Yourwritingwillbeassessedonyourabilityto:

?providegeneralfactualinformation

?outlineaproblemandpresentasolution

?presentandjustifyanopinion

Youwillalsobejudgedonyourabilityto:

?communicateanideatothereaderinanappropriatestyle

?addresstheproblemwithoutstrayingfromthetopic

?useEnglishgrammarandsyntaxaccurately

?useappropriatelanguageintermsofregister,styleandcontent

7

Introdution

TheSpeakingModule

Requirements

Youwillhavetotalktoanexaminerforabout15minutes.Theinterviewwillberecorded.Itisin5parts:

1Introduction

—Basicintroductions

2Extendeddiscourse

—Youwilltalkatsomelengthaboutgeneraltopicsofrelevanceorinterestwhichwillinvolveexplanationanddescription.

3Elicitation

—Youwillbegivenacuecardwhichdescribesa

situationorproblem.Youmustasktheexaminerques-tionstoobtaininformation.

4Speculationandattitudes

—Youwillbeaskedtotalkaboutyourplansorpro-posedcourseofstudy.Youshoulddemonstrateyourabilitytospeculateordefendapointofview.

5Conclusion

—Theinterviewcomestoanend.

Assessmentcriteria

Youwillbeassessedonthe

followingcriteria:

?abilitytocommunicateeffectively

?abilitytouseappropriatevocabularyandstructures

?abilitytoaskquestions

?abilitytotakeinitiativeinaconversation

?generalfluency

?structuralaccuracy

?intelligibility

HowisIELTSscored?

IELTSprovidesaprofileofyourabilitytouseEnglish.InotherwordsyourIELTSresultwillconsistofascoreineachofthefourskills(listening,reading,writing,speaking)whichisthenaveragedtogivetheOverallBandScoreorfinalmark.

Performanceisratedineachskillonascaleof9to1.ThenineoverallBandsandtheirdescriptivestatementsareasfollows:

9Expertuser

Hasfullyoperationalcommandofthelanguage:appropriate,accurateandfluentwithcompleteunderstanding.

8Verygooduser

Hasfullyoperationalcommandofthelanguagewithonlyoccasional

unsystematicinaccuraciesandinappropriacies.Misunderstandingsmayoccurinunfamiliarsituations.Handlescomplexdetailedargumentationwell.

8

Introdution

7Gooduser

Hasoperationalcommandofthelanguage,thoughwithoccasionalinaccura-cies,inappropriaciesandmisunderstandingsinsomesituations.Generally

handlescomplexlanguagewellandunderstandsdetailedreasoning.

6Competentuser

Hasgenerallyeffectivecommandofthelanguagedespiteinaccuracies,

inappropriaciesandmisunderstandings.Canuseandunderstandfairlycom-plexlanguage,particularlyinfamiliarsituations.

5Modestuser

Haspartialcommandofthelanguage,copingwithoverallmeaninginmostsituations,thoughislikelytomakemanymistakes.Shouldbeabletohandlebasiccommunicationinownfield.

4Limiteduser

Basiccompetenceislimitedtofamiliarsituations.Hasfrequentproblemsinunderstandingandexpression.Isnotabletousecomplexlanguage.

3Extremelylimiteduser

Conveysandunderstandsonlygeneralmeaninginveryfamiliarsituations.Frequentbreakdownsincommunicationoccur.

2Intermittentuser

Norealcommunicationispossibleexceptforthemostbasicinformationusingisolatedwordsorshortformulaeinfamiliarsituationsandtomeetimmediateneeds.HasgreatdifficultyunderstandingspokenandwrittenEnglish.

1Nonuser

Essentiallyhasnoabilitytousethelanguagebeyondpossiblyafewisolatedwords.

0Didnotattemptthetest

Noassessableinformationprovided.

Whatisthepassmark?

ThereisnofixedpassmarkinIELTS.Theinstitutionyouwanttoenterwill

decidewhetheryourscoreisappropriateforthedemandsofthecourseofstudyortrainingyouwanttoundertake.However,asageneralrule,scoresbelowBand5inanyoneskillareconsideredtoolowforacademic

9

Introdution

study;scoresaboveBand6aredeemedtobeadequatetogood.OverallBand

scoresof5or6areborderlineandmaynotbeacceptableatmanyinstitutions.Ifyouaregettingonlyabouthalfofthequestionsinthesesampletestscorrect,thenyouareprobablynotquitereadytotaketheIELTStest.Againyoushouldseek

advicefromateacheraboutyourlevelofEnglish.Rememberyoumustallowadurationofatleast3monthsbetweeneachattemptatthetest.

Forfurtherinformationaboutthetest,seetheIELTSHandbookavailablefromalltestcentresandalsofromUCLES(UniversityofCambridgeLocalExaminationsSyndicate),fromIDPEducationAustraliaandfromBritishCouncilCentres.

HOWTOUSETHISBOOK

Thetestsinthisbookaresimilarinlength,formatandcontenttotherealtest,butsuccessinthesetestswillnotguaranteesuccessintherealtest.Itoftenseems

easiertoworkonpracticematerialsthantosittheteststhemselvesbecauseyouarenotunderthesamepressure.

Timing

Inordertomaximiseyouruseofthesetests,youshouldmakeanoteofthetimeittakesyoutoanswereachofthesections.Asyouprogressthroughthebook,be

stricterwithyourselfaboutthetimeyouallowyourselftocompletethesections.

Answersheets

WhenyousitfortherealIELTStest,youwillhaveanswersheetsonwhichto

writeyouranswers.Asampleoftheseisgivenattheendofthisbook.Tohelpyouprepareforthetest,wesuggestthatyouwriteyouranswersonseparates