高一英語astronomythe-science-of-stars課件

1.______________[?‘str?n?mI]

n．天文學(xué)2.______________['sIst?m]

n．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度3．______________[rI‘lId??n]

n．宗教；宗教信仰4.______________['θI?rI]

n．學(xué)說；理論5．______________['?t?m]

n．原子6．______________['bIlI?n]

pron.&n．&adj. 英萬億；美十億7．______________[gl??b]n．球體；地球儀；地球

8.______________['ka?b?n]n．碳9．______________['?tm?sfI?]n．大氣層；氣氛10.______________[?n'laIk]prep.不同；不像11．______________['f?nd?'mentl]adj.根本的；根底的12.______________[t?eIn]n．鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈13．______________['m?ltIplaI]vi.&vt.乘；增加14.______________['?ksId??n]n．氧15．______________[e?s]

adv.因此；于是16．______________['p?zl]

n．謎；難題 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難17．______________[baI'?l?d?I]

n．生物學(xué)18.______________['ɡr?v?tI]

n．萬有引力；重力19．______________['s?t?laIt]

n．衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星20.______________['fIzIsIst]

n．物理學(xué)家21．______________['klaImIt]n．氣候

22.______________[kr??]

vi.&vt.碰撞；墜落23．______________['speIs?Ip]

n．宇宙飛船24.______________[p?l]

n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力25．______________[fl??t]

vi.&vt. (使)浮動；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物26．______________[m?s]

n．質(zhì)量；團； 塊；大量；復(fù)群眾答案：1.astronomy2.system3.religion4.theory5.atom6.billion7.globe8.carbon9.atmosphere10.unlike11．fundamental12.chain13.multiply14.oxygen15.thus16.puzzle17.biology18.gravity19.satellite20．physicist21.climate22.crash23.spaceship24.pull25.float26.mass1.______________adj.猛烈的；劇烈的；強暴的→__________n.2．______________adj.有害的；傷害的→______________vt.傷害；損害；危害3．______________vi.存在；生存→____________n．存在(物)4．______________adj.溫和的→______________adv.溫和地答案：1.violent，violence2.harmful，harm3.exist，existence4.gentle，gently1.阻止________________2.依賴，依靠________________3.突發(fā)，爆發(fā)________________4．密切注視；留神；提防________________5.及時；終于________________6.感到快樂________________7．擋住________________8.既然________________9.存在于________________10．下蛋________________11.產(chǎn)生；分娩________________12.輪到某人；接著________________答案：1.prevent……from2.dependon3.breakout4.watchout5.intime6.cheerup7.blockout8.nowthat9．existin10.layeggs11.givebirthto12.inone'sturn1.身體差迫使他放棄了工作。(用force)______________________________________________________________________________答案：Poorhealthforcedhimtogiveuphiswork.2．他的缺勤使得按時完成工作更困難了。(用it作形式賓語)______________________________________________________________________________答案：Hisabsencemadeitmoredifficulttofinishtheworkontime.3．我們確信他注定會成為一個很重要的人物。(用betodo)______________________________________________________________________________答案：Wearesurethatheistobecomeaveryimportantperson.4．經(jīng)你一提，我想起那件事了。(用nowthat)______________________________________________________________________________答案：Nowthatyoumetionit，Idoremembertheincident.5．我一直坐在這里苦苦思索該怎么辦。(用puzzlingabout)______________________________________________________________________________答案：I'vebeensittingherepuzzlingaboutwhattodo.一、幫你歸納1．intime最終；及時aheadoftime提前，提早allthetime一直；始終atatime每次，逐一，依次atonetime一度，曾經(jīng)atnotime絕不atthesametime同時；然而attimes有時；偶爾fromtimetotime不時地，間或haveagood/hardtime過得愉快/處境困難innotime立即，立刻onceuponatime從前killtime消遣；消磨時光takeone'stime不著急；慢慢來ontime按時，準(zhǔn)時這樣考過①(2009·徐州調(diào)研)DespitewhatI'dbeentoldaboutthenativepeople'sattitudetowardsstrangers，________didIcomeacrossanyrudeness.A．innotimeB．a(chǎn)tnotimeC．inanytime D．a(chǎn)tanytime解析：句意為：盡管有人告訴我當(dāng)?shù)厝藢Υ吧说膽B(tài)度，我卻從沒遇到過粗魯?shù)男袨椤Ｓ捎诤竺娴木渥拥寡b，所以應(yīng)該用atnotime。innotime是“立刻、馬上〞的意思。答案：B②(2009·杭州質(zhì)檢)Thiskindofsocialphenomenoncouldexistonlyforafewmonths，butitwilldisappear________.A．innotime B．onthetimeC．a(chǎn)tatime D．a(chǎn)tonetime解析：題干句子的大意是：這種社會現(xiàn)象可能會只存在幾個月時間，但它很快會立刻消失的。A.innotime立刻，馬上；B.onthetime無此短語，一般說ontime準(zhǔn)時；C.atatime一次，D.atonetime曾經(jīng)。根據(jù)題干意思判斷A項為正確答案。答案：A③(2009·嘉興測試)Thecloudneverhidesthesun.Thetruthwillbeknowntoall________.A．bynow B．intimeC．a(chǎn)tpresent D．forlong解析：句意為：烏云不會永遠遮著太陽，真理遲早為人們所知。intime表示及時；遲早。而bynow表示到目前為止；atpresent表示目前，現(xiàn)在；forlong表示過了好久。答案：B2．a(chǎn)tmospheren．大氣(層)，空氣；環(huán)境，氣氛辨析：atmosphere，air與gas三個名詞均與空氣有關(guān)，具體區(qū)別如下：(1)atmosphere指圍繞地球的空氣，即大氣層，也可指環(huán)境氣氛。(2)air指空氣，也泛指一般氣體。(3)gas指氣態(tài)物，尤指供燃燒取暖或照明的氣體

這樣考過④(2008·湖北)Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly________.A．a(chǎn)tmosphere B．stateC．situation D．phenomenon解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：這兩個國家的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氣氛(atmosphere)中進行交談。state(人或物本身所處的)狀態(tài)；situation情形；phenomenon現(xiàn)象，都不符合語境。答案：A3．existvi.存在；生存；維持生活existin存在于……之中existon靠……為生existby靠……生存提示：exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。作“存在〞講時，后接介詞in，再加地點名詞；作“生存〞講時，后可接介詞on，有l(wèi)iveon的意味?？赡苓@樣考⑤There，inthesmalltemple，usedto________abigbell.Butnowithasgone.A．happen B．comeC．exist D．stand答案：C4．givebirthto生，分娩atbirth在出生時atabirth一胎生……bybirth出身，天生，論出身辨析：givebirthto與beborn①givebirthto意為“生產(chǎn)，生下〞，其賓語通常是表示幼畜或嬰兒的詞語；其主語只能是表示雌性的詞語，有時也作“使……誕生〞解。②beborn那么表示“出生〞，但其主語通常只能是表示被生下的人或動物?？赡苓@樣考⑥—Howoldareyou，ifImayask?—I________in1990.—Soyouare20，________？A．wasgivenbirth;aren'tyouB．wasborn;didyouC．wasgivenbirthto;areyouD．gavebirthto;aren'tyou解析：givebirthtosb.“生育〞；由so引起的同向反意疑問句，前半局部肯定，后半局部也用肯定形式。答案：C5．blockout擋住(光線)；堵住；封閉blockin堵塞；封閉blockoff封閉；封鎖；阻止；隔開blockup阻塞；阻擋；阻礙6．cheerupv．(使)變得快樂，(使)振奮起來；歡呼、喝彩cheern．歡呼聲，喝彩聲v．歡呼，喝彩，加油cheeringn．歡呼聲adj.令人歡欣鼓舞的cheerfuladj.歡樂的，快樂的；令人滿意的cheeron為某人加油這樣考過⑦(2009·遼寧模擬)—UsuallyIlikedetectivestories，butI'dliketotrysomethingnewforthenextthreemonths.—________A．Cheerup! B．Takecare.C．Likewhat? D．Prettymuchso.解析：句意：“通常我是喜歡看偵探小說的，但是之后的三個月里我想嘗試著看一些新的東西。〞“比方什么？〞cheerup振作起來；takecare注意，小心；likewhat像什么，比方；prettymuchso這樣太多了。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C。答案：C7．massn．&adj.amass/massesof＝alotof大量，許多amassof＝massesof一堆，一大片themasses(pl.)勞動者階層themassof＝themajorityof大多數(shù)的beamassofsth.＝befullof/coveredwith充滿，布滿inthemass＝asawhole總體上，總的來說amass/massesofflowers許多花amassofsnowandrock一堆積雪和巖石massesofdarkclouds朵朵烏云8．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突發(fā)，爆發(fā)breakawayfrom脫離；放棄(習(xí)慣等)；打破(陳套等)breakdown打破，毀掉；垮，坍塌；分解；不成功breakin使馴服；闖入；打斷，插嘴breakinto破門而入，闖入breakintopieces成為碎片breakoff折斷，打斷breakup拆散；打碎，破碎提示：breakout為不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。這樣考過⑧(2009·湖北五市聯(lián)考)Afterseveralhours'trial，theyoungsuspect________andadmittedthathewasguilty.A．knockeddown B．settleddownC．laydown D．brokedown解析：經(jīng)過幾個小時的審訊，這個年輕的犯罪嫌疑人終于熬不住了，成認自己有罪。用breakdown表示“(精神、健康)垮下來，崩潰〞。A“撞倒〞，B“定居，安定下來〞，C“躺下〞。答案：D⑨(2009·華師一附中)Shallwe________ourdiscussionandhavesometeaorcoffee，please?A．comeoff B．breakoffC．takeoff D．breakout解析：短語breakoff表示“(使)突然結(jié)束，(使)中斷(談話等)〞，符合語境。A“脫落〞，C“拿掉，起飛〞，D“爆發(fā)〞都不符合語境。答案：B二、幫你解疑1．“Ohdear，〞Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.〞AfterawhileIgotthehangofitandwebegantoenjoyourselves.“天哪，〞我大聲說，“由于重力改變了，走路也確實需要練一練了。〞過了一會兒，我才掌握了走路的訣竅，我們才開始感到自如了。nowthat既然；由于Nowthatourplansaresettled，letusproceed.既然我們的方案已定下來了，讓我們繼續(xù)進行。常用的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞還有because，since，as，inthat，seeingthat，consideringthat等。Iwentbacknotbecauseoftherain，butbecauseIwastired.我并不是因為下雨才回來，而是因為我累了。Sinceitislate，Ishallgohomenow.由于時間晚了，我現(xiàn)在要回家了。Asyouweren'tthere，Ileftamessage.因為你不在那里，我留了個信兒。Hisrequestisunreasonableinthatheknowswecan'taffordit.他的要求是不合理的，因為他知道我們負擔(dān)不起。Seeingthatitiseighto'clock，we'llwaitnolonger.由于時間已到八點，我們將不再等了。這樣考過①(2009·南昌模擬)—HowcantheyinformAudreyoftheirproject?—________theyhadheremailaddress. A.Whatif B．Onlyif C．Ifonly D．Nowthat解析：nowthat“既然〞；whatif“假設(shè)……會怎樣〞；onlyif“只有〞；ifonly“要……該多好〞。句意：——他們怎樣通知Audrey他們的方案？——要是他們有她的電子郵箱地址該多好。答案：C②(2009·杭州質(zhì)檢)I'llneverforgetsuchanattractivecity________Ispentmanyhappyhourstherewithmyclassmateslastsummerholidays.A．that B．whereC．inwhich D．because解析：根據(jù)上下文語意知后面是原因狀語從句。`答案：D2．until的用法(1)until用作介詞或連詞，意為“直到……〞，可與till換用，在正式文體以及位于句首時，一般用until，在口語或非正式文體中兩者都可用。如：Goonuntilyoureachtheend.往前走，一直走到頭。Sithereuntilshecomesback.坐在這里等她回來。Ididn'twakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.直到聽到鬧鐘的鈴聲我才醒來。Untilyoutoldme，Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.直到你告訴我，我一點也不知道出了什么事。(不用till)提示：在使用until/till時，要注意：①主句(肯定句)謂語必須是延續(xù)性動詞；假設(shè)是短暫性動詞，那么應(yīng)用not...until/till句型(因為短暫性動詞一旦被否認就可表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))。如：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.我們一直等到他來。(wait為延續(xù)性動詞)Wedidn'tleaveuntil/tillhecame.直到他來我們才走。(leave為非延續(xù)性動詞)②until/till后跟從句時，其謂語要用現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。如：Iwon'tleaveuntilhecomesbacktomorrow.我要等他明天回來再走。③until也可用作介詞，其后可跟副詞、介詞短語或從句等。如：Hehasbeenilluntilrecently.他最近一直生病。Shedidn'treturnuntilafter12o'clock.直到12點過后她才回來。Theydidn'treachthestationuntilafterthetrainhadleft.直到火車開走之后，他們才到達車站。Untilwhenareyougoingtostayhere?你在這兒要呆到什么時候？(2)not...until...有兩種特殊句式：①notuntil...在句首時，主句用倒裝。如：NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我開始工作，我才認識到我浪費了多少時間。②Itisnotuntil...that...這是一個強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Itisnotuntil11o'clockthathefinishedhishomework.昨晚直到11點鐘他才做完作業(yè)。這樣考過③(2009·福州三中)—Wereyouworriedaboutyoursonlastnight?—Yes.Itwas________thatIwenttobed.A．untilhereturnedB．untilhedidreturnC．notuntilhereturnedD．notuntildidhereturn解析：此題考查itis/wasnotuntil...that...強調(diào)句。因為return為非延續(xù)性動詞，故不能直接與until連用，先排除A、B兩項。在用itis/was...that...強調(diào)not...until...時，應(yīng)把not與until...放在一起，構(gòu)成Itis/wasnotuntil...that...強調(diào)句，主句不用倒裝。答案：C三、語法重點本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)主語從句。主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語，由連接詞引導(dǎo)，連詞有that，whether，連接代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，連接副詞有when，where，why，how等。連詞that和whether在從句中不充當(dāng)成份，連接代詞和連接副詞在從句中充當(dāng)成份，主語從句用陳述語序。that和whether等引導(dǎo)主語從句放在句末時，用it作形式主語。這樣考過①(2009·天津)Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A．a(chǎn)s B．whichC．whether D．that解析：句意：顯然，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該為他們的未來做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，it是形式主語。as引導(dǎo)定語從句或狀語從句；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，意為：哪個(些)；whether是否，在此句中如用此詞，那么語義矛盾。答案：D②(2009·上海)Itisnotimmediatelyclear________thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.A．since B．whatC．when D．whether解析：句意：經(jīng)濟危機能否很快結(jié)束現(xiàn)在還不清楚。根據(jù)句意，用whether。答案：D③(2009·溫州十校)________wasmostimportanttoher，shetoldme，waswhethershecouldbeadmittedtoakeyuniversitythenextyear.A．It B．ThisC．As D．What解析：本句缺少引導(dǎo)主語從句并作從句主語的連詞，因此選D。其他各項不能引導(dǎo)從句。答案：D④(2009·臨河模擬)Idon'tsayIamagainsttheirplan.Butthetroubleis________theydodoesn'tagreewithwhattheysay.A．whatthat B．thatwhatC．ifwhat D．whatif解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，知空格處應(yīng)填一引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that，不作句子成分，但不可省略；表語從句中又需一個連接代詞作do的賓語，選what。句意：我并不是說我反對這個方案，但問題是他們的所做所為與他們所說的不一致。綜上，選B。答案：B⑤(2009·淄博模擬)It'snosecret________mathscanbeachallengingsubjectforjustaboutanyonetomaster.A．that B．whether C．because D．why解析：由句中的“can〞知不確定意義，應(yīng)選why。句意：為什么數(shù)學(xué)會是一門很有挑戰(zhàn)性的學(xué)科，這已不是什么秘密。why引導(dǎo)主語從句，其中句中的it為形式主語。答案：D1．(2010·安徽名校聯(lián)考)Whenyoucoverthenovel，youwillhave________betterunderstandingof________life.A．a(chǎn);theB．the;aC．不填；the D．a(chǎn)；不填答案：D2．(2010·安徽兩地三校聯(lián)考)WhileKatewasstudying________biologyinFrance,shedeveloped________tasteforfinewines.A．the;a B．不填；不填C．不填；a D．the;the答案：C3．(2010·北京朝陽區(qū))Thankyouforsendingus________freshvegetablesofmanykinds.Youhavedoneus________greatservice.A．/;a B．the;aC．/;/ D．the;/答案：A4．(2010·北京石景山區(qū))Wearetoobusytotake________holidayat________present.A．×；the B．a(chǎn);×C.a;the D.the;×答案：B5．(2010·北京西城區(qū))Thedogisalovelyanimal.________onewhichlivesin________flatbelowmineisparticularlypretty.A．The;the B．不填；aC．The;a D．The;不填答案：A

(2008·重慶)While

all

my

classmates

seem

to

be

crazy

about

a

one-way

ticket

to

Mars(火星)，I'd

rather

say

Mars

is

totally

unsuitable

for

human

existence.People

won't

have

enough

food

supplies

there，and

the

terrible

environment

would

make

it

impossible

for

them

to

live

a

long

life.Besides，the

journey

won't

be

safe.Can

anybody

explain

to

me

just

why

people

would

go

to

Mars，never

to

return?SteveMinear，UKHerearethethingsyoucanthinkof：thedesiretoexploreaforeignanduniqueenvironment，theexcitementofbeingthefirsthumanstoopenupanewworld，theexpectationoffameandglory...Forscientiststhereisanotherreason.Theirobservationsandresearchwillprobablyleadtogreatscientificachievements.DonalTrollop，Canada

TherearealreadytoomanypeopleontheEarth.Ithinkthatsometimebeforetheendofthecentury，therewillbeahumancolony(殖民地)onMars.Itwillhappenwhenpeoplefinallyrealizethattwo-waytripstotheredplanetMarsareunnecessary.Mostofthedangerofspaceflightisinthelaunches(發(fā)射)andlandings.Cuttingthetriphomewouldthereforereducethedangerofaccidents，savealotofmoney，andopenthewaytobuildinganeverlastinghumansettlementonanotherworld.

Enoughsuppliescanbesentonahead，andeverytwoyearsmoresuppliesandmorepeoplewillbesenttothenewcolony.Marshasallthematerialsforacolonytoproduceormakeeverythingitneeds，andMarsisfarmorepleasantthantheotherplanetsinthe