船體結(jié)構(gòu)圖文介紹

精心整理精心整理頁(yè)腳內(nèi)容頁(yè)腳內(nèi)容精心整理頁(yè)腳內(nèi)容3船體結(jié)構(gòu)（ConstructionofShipHull）船體是由骨材和鋼板組合而成的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)體。由于骨材布置的方式不同，形成了不同的船體結(jié)構(gòu)形式。船體結(jié)構(gòu)各部位的作用不同，各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)節(jié)也不相同?，F(xiàn)將船體進(jìn)行分解，按各個(gè)部位給出結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)的名稱。3.1船體結(jié)構(gòu)形式船體橫向布置的骨材間距較小，縱向布置的骨材間距較大，這種船體結(jié)構(gòu)稱為橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)；船體橫向布置的骨材間距較大，縱向布置的骨材間距較小，這種船體結(jié)構(gòu)稱為縱骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)。船體的強(qiáng)力甲板和船底采用縱骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)，而舷側(cè)和下甲板采用橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)，這種船體結(jié)構(gòu)稱為混合骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)。圖圖3.1.1單甲板橫骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.1.1單甲板橫骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingsystemofsingle-deckhulleq\o\ac(○,1)甲板板deckedplateeq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板topsideplate,sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷側(cè)外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,4)舭列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,5)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,6)龍骨centerlineverticalkeeleq\o\ac(○,7)平板龍骨flatkeel，platekeeleq\o\ac(○,8)旁內(nèi)龍骨sidekeelsoneq\o\ac(○,9)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,10)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,11)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,12)強(qiáng)肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,13)舷側(cè)縱骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,15)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,16)橫艙壁板transversebulkheadplate圖圖3.1.2有二層甲板橫骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.1.2有二層甲板橫骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingsystemoftwo-deckedhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)上甲板艙口圍板hatchcoamingonupperdeckeq\o\ac(○,3)甲板間肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,4)二甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,5)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,6)二甲板艙口圍板hatchcoamingonseconddeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船側(cè)外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,8)艙內(nèi)肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,9)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,10)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,11)舭肘板bilgebracketeq\o\ac(○,12)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,13)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,14)舭部外板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,15)舭龍骨bilgekeel圖圖3.1.3縱骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)eq\o\ac(○,16)扶強(qiáng)材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,18)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,19)中底桁bottomcentralgirder圖3.1.3縱骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)longitudinalframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,3)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,4)舷側(cè)外板topsideplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)強(qiáng)橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,6)水平扶強(qiáng)材horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,7)強(qiáng)橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側(cè)縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,10)縱艙壁longitudinalbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)強(qiáng)肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,12)撐材struteq\o\ac(○,13)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,14)面板faceplateeq\o\ac(○,15)肋板bottomtransverseeq\o\ac(○,16)舭龍骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,17)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,18)船底縱桁bottomgirdereq\o\ac(○,19)船底板bottomplate圖3.1.4混合骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)combinedframingsystemofhulleq\o\ac(○,1)船底板bottomplateeq\o\ac(○,2)中縱桁centergirdereq\o\ac(○,3)旁縱桁sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,4)內(nèi)底邊板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,6)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,7)內(nèi)底縱骨innerbottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,8)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,9)主肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,10)舭龍骨bilgekeeleq\o\ac(○,11)艙內(nèi)肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷側(cè)外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,14)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,16)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,17)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,18)二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,19)三層甲板thirddeck圖圖3.1.4混合骨架式船體結(jié)構(gòu)3.2船首結(jié)構(gòu)船的首部是指上甲板以下，防撞艙壁以前的船體，這部分船體處于船的最前端。從外形上來(lái)看，船首部位的船體向著前端逐漸削尖，船體兩側(cè)外板在船的首柱處匯攏。從構(gòu)造上來(lái)說(shuō)，由于船首部位是受力集中的地方，如船在前進(jìn)時(shí)會(huì)受到的水的作用力、碰撞力和波浪拍擊力等外力的作用，所以船首結(jié)構(gòu)采取特別加強(qiáng)處理。圖3.2.1雜貨船的船首結(jié)構(gòu)布置stemconstructionarrangementofgeneralcargovesseleq\o\ac(○,1)錨anchoreq\o\ac(○,2)錨鏈anchorchain,anchorcableeq\o\ac(○,3)錨鏈筒hawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,4)導(dǎo)纜孔mooringpipeeq\o\ac(○,5)滾輪導(dǎo)纜鉗rollerfairleadeq\o\ac(○,6)船首旗桿jackstaffeq\o\ac(○,7)通風(fēng)管ventpipeeq\o\ac(○,8)纜樁bitts,bollardeq\o\ac(○,9)制鏈器chaincontroller,cablegrippereq\o\ac(○,10)艏樓平臺(tái)forecastleplatformeq\o\ac(○,11)鋼索卷車wirereeleq\o\ac(○,12)艏樓扶梯forecastleladdereq\o\ac(○,13)起錨機(jī)windlasseq\o\ac(○,14)錨鏈管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,15)雙滾輪導(dǎo)纜鉗doublerolleropenchockeq\o\ac(○,16)欄桿handrailrailingeq\o\ac(○,17)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,18)錨龕、錨穴anchorrecesseq\o\ac(○,19)柵欄桿openraileq\o\ac(○,20)欄桿柱handrailstanchioneq\o\ac(○,21)甲板錨鏈孔凸緣deckflangeofhawsepipeeq\o\ac(○,22)錨鏈孔喇叭口bell-mouthofhawseholeeq\o\ac(eq\o\ac(○,15)④③eq\o\ac(○,22)eq\o\ac(○,5)圖3.2.1雜貨船的船首結(jié)構(gòu)布置圖3.2.2船首結(jié)構(gòu)總體圖（剝?nèi)ネ獍逡?jiàn)其內(nèi)部）generalconstructionofstemeq\o\ac(○,1)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)艏尖艙forepeaktankeq\o\ac(○,3)帆纜庫(kù)boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,4)球鼻艏bulbousboweq\o\ac(○,5)流線形板fashionplateeq\o\ac(○,6)船首水平加強(qiáng)板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,7)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,8)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,9)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,10)縱艙壁centerlinebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,11)止蕩板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,12)防撞艙壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)舷側(cè)縱桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍擊縱板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,15)抗拍擊梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,16)支柱pillareq\o\ac(○,17)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,18)雙層底外側(cè)肘板tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,19)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,20)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,21)甲板縱梁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,22)中縱桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,23)騎板riderplateeq\o\ac(○,24)橫加強(qiáng)筋horizontalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,25)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,26)抗拍擊縱材下梁pantingstringerunderbeameq\o\ac(○,27)球首內(nèi)肋板ribeq\o\ac(○,28)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkhead圖圖3.2.2船首結(jié)構(gòu)總體圖圖3.2.3艏柱結(jié)構(gòu)constructionofstemposteq\o\ac(○,1)鑄鋼艏柱下半部lowerhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,2)鑄鋼艏柱上半部upperhalfofcaststeelstemposteq\o\ac(○,3)嵌接處scarf（大中型船舶的艏柱由鑄鋼艏柱與鋼板艏柱兩部分組成，特指這兩部分的連接部位）eq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)鋼板艏柱steelplatestempost圖圖3.2.3艏柱結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.2.4船首構(gòu)造平面圖planofstemconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,2)錨鏈管chainpipeeq\o\ac(○,3)船首水柜forepeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,4)型板shapingplateeq\o\ac(○,5)艏樓甲板forecastledeckeq\o\ac(○,6)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)船首水平加強(qiáng)板ribbedplateeq\o\ac(○,8)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,9)龍骨keeleq\o\ac(○,10)中縱桁centerlongitudinalgirdereq\o\ac(○,11)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,12)中內(nèi)龍骨面板centerkeelsonfaceplateeq\o\ac(○,13)止蕩板swashplateeq\o\ac(○,14)防撞艙壁collisionbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,15)儲(chǔ)藏室boatswain’sstoreeq\o\ac(○,16)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,17)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,18)甲板梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,19)雙層底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,20)內(nèi)底板tanktopplate，innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,21)水泥cement圖圖3.2.4船首構(gòu)造平面圖圖3.2.5艏端結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖3Dpictureofbowconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)升高肋板raisedflooreq\o\ac(○,2)艏柱stemposteq\o\ac(○,3)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,4)減輕孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,5)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)橫梁transversebeameq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,9)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)扶強(qiáng)材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,11)外板shellplateeq\o\ac(○,12)水平桁horizontalgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)舷側(cè)縱桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,14)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeam圖圖3.2.5艏端結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖圖3.2.6球鼻形艏端結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖3Dpictureofbulbousboweq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板橫梁deckbeameq\o\ac(○,3)扶強(qiáng)材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,4)錨鏈艙chainlockereq\o\ac(○,5)艏尖艙壁forepeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,6)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeameq\o\ac(○,7)抗拍擊縱板pantingstringerplateeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側(cè)縱材sidestringereq\o\ac(○,10)艏柱stempost圖圖3.2.6球鼻形艏端結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖3.3船尾結(jié)構(gòu)船的尾部結(jié)構(gòu)是指從艉尖艙的水密艙壁以后，上甲板以下的船體結(jié)構(gòu)，包括艉尖艙和船尾突出體。船尾部位是船舶受力比較集中的地方，在結(jié)構(gòu)上多采用橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)，并采取加強(qiáng)措施。圖圖3.3.1船尾結(jié)構(gòu)平面圖圖3.3.1船尾結(jié)構(gòu)平面圖planofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)船尾水柜aftpeakwatertankeq\o\ac(○,2)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井redderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,4)舵ruddereq\o\ac(○,5)深肋板deepflooreq\o\ac(○,6)遮蔽甲板shelterdeckeq\o\ac(○,7)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,8)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,9)水密艙壁watertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,10)第二層甲板seconddeckeq\o\ac(○,11)應(yīng)急出口、脫險(xiǎn)井escapetrunkeq\o\ac(○,12)船尾水密橫艙壁aftpeakwatertightbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,13)雙層底doublebottomeq\o\ac(○,14)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,15)甲板縱桁deckgirder圖圖3.3.2船尾結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖圖3.3.2船尾結(jié)構(gòu)立體視圖3Dpictureofsternconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,2)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,3)強(qiáng)胸橫梁pantingbeam,struteq\o\ac(○,4)舷側(cè)縱桁sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,5)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,6)艉柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,7)艉升高肋板sternraisedflooreq\o\ac(○,8)艉尖艙壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,9)舵機(jī)平臺(tái)steeringgearplatformeq\o\ac(○,10)肋骨frame圖圖3.3.3a艉部結(jié)構(gòu)全視圖(1)eq\o\ac(○,11)橫艙壁transversebulkheadeq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,14)強(qiáng)橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,15)斜橫梁cantbeameq\o\ac(○,16)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,17)斜肋骨cantframe圖圖3.3.3b艉部結(jié)構(gòu)全視圖(2)圖3.3.3a,b艉部結(jié)構(gòu)全視圖（去除外板見(jiàn)內(nèi)部）overallconstructionofsterneq\o\ac(○,1)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,2)舵桿筒、舵桿圍井rudderstocktrunkeq\o\ac(○,3)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,4)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,5)艉尖艙頂板tanktopplateeq\o\ac(○,6)舵機(jī)艙的艙壁steeringgearroombulkheadeq\o\ac(○,7)斜肋骨cantframeeq\o\ac(○,8)底肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,9)艉肋板transomflooreq\o\ac(○,10)艉柱頂框crowneq\o\ac(○,11)吊舵hangedruddereq\o\ac(○,12)尾柱sternposteq\o\ac(○,13)螺旋槳柱screwposteq\o\ac(○,14)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,15)水泥cementeq\o\ac(○,16)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,17)艉升高肋板（深肋板）sternraisedfloor(deepfloor)eq\o\ac(○,18)艉尖艙艙壁aftpeakbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,19)艉尖艙aftpeaktankeq\o\ac(○,20)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,21)船殼板hullplateeq\o\ac(○,22)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplateeq\o\ac(○,23)舵鈕ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,24)甲板邊板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,25)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,26)制蕩艙壁washbulkheadeq\o\ac(○,27)抗拍擊縱材pantingstringereq\o\ac(○,28)抗拍擊橫梁pantingbeam（（a）有槳穴艉柱（b）無(wú)舵柱艉柱（c）無(wú)舵柱懸掛舵艉柱圖3.3.4艉柱形式3.3.4艉柱形式sternframetypeseq\o\ac(○,1)舵鈕ruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,2)舵柱rudderposteq\o\ac(○,3)艉柱踵材shoepieceeq\o\ac(○,4)艉柱根heelpiece,solepieceeq\o\ac(○,5)螺旋槳柱propellerposteq\o\ac(○,6)軸轂shaftbossingeq\o\ac(○,7)槳穴propellercaveeq\o\ac(○,8)拱梁（頂框）archedbeam,crowneq\o\ac(○,9)上舵鈕upperruddergudgeoneq\o\ac(○,10)下舵鈕lowerruddergudgeon圖圖3.3.5艉軸架圖3.3.5艉軸架propellershaftbracketeq\o\ac(○,1)軸包撐板caststeelbracingplate,webofbossingeq\o\ac(○,2)軸包套shellbossingeq\o\ac(○,3)眼鏡形骨架spectacleframeeq\o\ac(○,4)艉軸管sternshafttubeeq\o\ac(○,5)雙槳軸線axislineoftwinscrew3.4舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)指從舭部肘板到上甲板間，船體舷側(cè)的板架結(jié)構(gòu)。舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)主要承受水的壓力和波浪沖擊力，船體上甲板以上的上層建筑以及甲板設(shè)備和貨物的重量，是保證船體橫向強(qiáng)度和側(cè)壁水密性的重要結(jié)構(gòu)。舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)也分橫骨架式和縱骨架式兩種形式。圖圖3.4.1橫骨架式船側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.1橫骨架式船側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板間橫艙壁tweendecktransversebulkhead圖圖3.4.2具有中間肋骨的橫骨架式船側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)eq\o\ac(○,3)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,4)貨艙橫艙壁transversebulkheadincargoholdeq\o\ac(○,5)船艙肋骨holdframeeq\o\ac(○,6)甲板間肋骨tweendeckframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舷側(cè)外板sideplating圖3.4.2具有中間肋骨的橫骨架式船側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingshipsidewithintermediateframeseq\o\ac(○,1)梁肘板beamknee,beambracketeq\o\ac(○,2)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,3)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,4)中間肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,6)舭部列板bilgestrake圖圖3.4.3加強(qiáng)肋骨式橫骨架舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.3加強(qiáng)肋骨式橫骨架舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)transverselyframedshipsidewithwebframeeq\o\ac(○,1)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,2)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,3)強(qiáng)橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,4)強(qiáng)肋骨webframe,deepframeeq\o\ac(○,5)舷側(cè)縱桁sidestringereq\o\ac(○,6)主肋骨mainframeeq\o\ac(○,7)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,8)舭部列板bilgestrake(a)(b)(a)(b)圖3.4.4舷邊結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.4舷邊結(jié)構(gòu)gunwaleconstruction（a）圓弧舷邊roundedgunwale；（b）直角舷邊rightanglegunwaleeq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷邊圓弧厚板gunwaleroundedthickstrakeeq\o\ac(○,4)舷邊角鋼stringerangle圖3.4.5圖3.4.5舷墻結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.5舷墻結(jié)構(gòu)bulwarkconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷墻板bulwarkplating(plate)eq\o\ac(○,2)舷頂列板sheerstrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舷邊角鋼stringerangleeq\o\ac(○,4)甲板邊板deckstringereq\o\ac(○,5)扶強(qiáng)材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,6)扶手(bulwark)handrail圖3.4.6縱骨架式舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.6縱骨架式舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.6縱骨架式舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)longitudinalframingshipsideeq\o\ac(○,1)舷側(cè)板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)舷側(cè)縱骨sidelongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,3)中間肋骨intermediateframeeq\o\ac(○,4)強(qiáng)肋骨webframe，deepframe((a)水平內(nèi)底板(b)下傾內(nèi)底邊板(c)(c)上傾內(nèi)底邊板圖3.4.7舭部結(jié)構(gòu)形式圖3.4.7舭部結(jié)構(gòu)形式typesofbilgeconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)舷側(cè)外板sideplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,3)舭肘板bilgebracket，eq\o\ac(○,4)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,7)邊縫seameq\o\ac(○,8)內(nèi)底邊板inner-bottommarginplate((a)木質(zhì)護(hù)舷(b)鋼質(zhì)護(hù)舷圖3.4.8護(hù)舷結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.4.8護(hù)舷結(jié)構(gòu)fenderconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)木鋪板woodsheathingeq\o\ac(○,2)水泥流水溝cementdrainingeq\o\ac(○,3)螺栓tapbolteq\o\ac(○,4)半圓扁鋼halfroundedflatplateeq\o\ac(○,5)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,6)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,7)梁肘板beambracketeq\o\ac(○,8)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,9)舷側(cè)外板sideplateeq\o\ac(○,10)扁鋼flatplateeq\o\ac(○,11)硬木hardwoodfendereq\o\ac(○,12)木螺釘woodscreweq\o\ac(○,13)橫向護(hù)板transverseflatsteelplateeq\o\ac(○,14)扁鋼加強(qiáng)筋flatplatestiffenereq\o\ac(○,15)半圓護(hù)舷鋼板halfroundedsteelfender3.5船底結(jié)構(gòu)船底是船的基礎(chǔ)，是保證船體總縱強(qiáng)度、橫向強(qiáng)度和船底局部強(qiáng)度的重要結(jié)構(gòu)。船底結(jié)構(gòu)有雙層底結(jié)構(gòu)和單層底結(jié)構(gòu)兩種類型。按骨架的排列方式可分為橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)和縱骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)兩種形式。圖3.5.1橫骨架式雙層底結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingdoublebottomeq\o\ac(○,1)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)內(nèi)底橫骨innerbottomframeeq\o\ac(○,3)透氣孔airholeeq\o\ac(○,4)內(nèi)底邊板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,5)舭部外板bilgeplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)加強(qiáng)筋stiffener,reinforcingbareq\o\ac(○,7)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,8)流水孔drainholeeq\o\ac(○,9)中底桁bottomcentergirdereq\o\ac(○,10)eq\o\ac(○,15)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,11)船底肋骨bottomframeeq\o\ac(○,12)扶強(qiáng)材stiffenereq\o\ac(○,13)邊接縫sidejointeq\o\ac(○,14)框架肋板肘板bracketofwebflooreq\o\ac(○,16)加強(qiáng)筋stiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,18)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,19)人孔manholeeq\o\ac(○,20)切口notcheq\o\ac(○,21)減輕孔lighteninghole圖圖3.5.1橫骨架式雙層底結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.2縱骨架式雙層底結(jié)構(gòu)longitudinalframingdoublebottomeq\o\ac(○,1)加強(qiáng)筋stiffenereq\o\ac(○,2)舭肘板bilgebracket,tanksidebracketeq\o\ac(○,3)水密肋板watertightflooreq\o\ac(○,4)eq\o\ac(○,8)eq\o\ac(○,14)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,5)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)內(nèi)底縱骨innerbottomgirdereq\o\ac(○,7)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,9)中底桁bottomcentergirdereq\o\ac(○,10)船底中心線bottomcenterlineeq\o\ac(○,11)人孔manholeeq\o\ac(○,12)旁底桁bottomsidegirdereq\o\ac(○,13)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,15)內(nèi)底邊板(doublebottom)marginplate圖圖3.5.2縱骨架式雙層底結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.3箱形中桁材結(jié)構(gòu)（縱骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)）boxshapedbottomcentralgirdereq\o\ac(○,1)水密底縱桁watertightbottomgirdereq\o\ac(○,2)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,3)縱骨longitudinaleq\o\ac(○,4)內(nèi)底橫骨innerbottomframeeq\o\ac(○,5)框架肋板mainflooreq\o\ac(○,6)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,7)縱骨longitudinaleq\o\ac(○,8)船底中心線bottomcenterlineeq\o\ac(○,9)船底橫骨bottomframe圖圖3.5.3箱形中桁材結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.4實(shí)肋板結(jié)構(gòu)（橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)）solidflooreq\o\ac(○,1)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)旁桁材sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,3)加強(qiáng)筋stiffener,reinforcingbareq\o\ac(○,4)中桁材centergirdereq\o\ac(○,5)船底板bottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,6)實(shí)肋板solidfloor圖圖3.5.4實(shí)肋板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.5組合肋板結(jié)構(gòu)（橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)）combinedflooreq\o\ac(○,1)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,2)內(nèi)底骨材innerbottomframeeq\o\ac(○,3)旁桁材sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,4)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)船底骨材bottomframe圖圖3.5.5組合肋板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.6輕型肋板結(jié)構(gòu)（橫骨架式結(jié)構(gòu)）lightflooreq\o\ac(○,1)中桁材centergirdereq\o\ac(○,2)減輕孔lighteningholeeq\o\ac(○,3)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,4)船底板bottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,5)加強(qiáng)筋stiffener,reinforcingbareq\o\ac(○,6)旁桁材sidegirdereq\o\ac(○,7)內(nèi)底邊板marginplateeq\o\ac(○,8)舭肘板bilgebracket圖圖3.5.6輕型肋板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.7a縱骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)橫剖面圖transversesectionlinesoflongitudinalframingsinglebottom（此結(jié)構(gòu)僅見(jiàn)于小型船舶）eq\o\ac(○,1)旁內(nèi)龍骨sidekeelsoneq\o\ac(○,2)加強(qiáng)筋stiffenereq\o\ac(○,3)肋板flooreq\o\ac(○,4)防傾肘板trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,5)防傾肘板trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,6)中內(nèi)龍骨centerlineverticalkeeleq\o\ac(○,7)船底外板bottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,8)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,9)切口notch圖圖3.5.7a縱骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)橫剖面圖圖3.5.7b縱骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)longitudinalframingsinglebottomeq\o\ac(○,1)槽形艙壁板corrugatedbulkheadplatingeq\o\ac(○,2)舭列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)舭肘板bilgebracketeq\o\ac(○,4)實(shí)肋板solidflooreq\o\ac(○,4)旁內(nèi)龍骨sidekeelsoneq\o\ac(○,5)船底縱骨bottomlongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,6)中內(nèi)龍骨centerlineverticalkeeleq\o\ac(○,7)防傾肘板trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,8)船底板bottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,9)T形板Ttypeplate圖圖3.5.7b縱骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.5.8橫骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingsinglebottom（此結(jié)構(gòu)主要見(jiàn)于小型船舶）eq\o\ac(○,1)舭肘板bilgebracketeq\o\ac(○,2)舭列板bilgestrakeeq\o\ac(○,3)焊接切口weldingnotcheq\o\ac(○,4)平板龍骨platekeeleq\o\ac(○,5)中內(nèi)龍骨centerkeelsoneq\o\ac(○,6)流水孔drainholeeq\o\ac(○,7)焊縫weldingline,weldingseameq\o\ac(○,8)面板faceplateeq\o\ac(○,9)折邊f(xié)langededgeeq\o\ac(○,10)肋骨frame圖圖3.5.8橫骨架式單底結(jié)構(gòu)3.6甲板結(jié)構(gòu)甲板結(jié)構(gòu)一般指船舶的上甲板結(jié)構(gòu)，它承擔(dān)船舶縱總彎曲時(shí)的最大拉壓力，以及貨物、設(shè)備重量及波浪沖擊力，通常稱為強(qiáng)力甲板。甲板結(jié)構(gòu)可分為橫骨架式和縱骨架式兩種形式。貨船在甲板上開(kāi)有貨艙口，它是裝卸貨物的通道又具有防護(hù)的作用。圖圖3.6.1橫骨架式甲板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.6.1橫骨架式甲板結(jié)構(gòu)transverseframingdeckconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)下層甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)甲板中心線deckcenterlineeq\o\ac(○,3)艙口端橫梁hatchendbeameq\o\ac(○,4)圓鋼roundsteelbareq\o\ac(○,5)艙口縱桁hatchgirdereq\o\ac(○,6)肘板bracketeq\o\ac(○,7)防傾肘板trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,8)立柱pillareq\o\ac(○,9)防傾肘板trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,10)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,11)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)梁肘板beambracket，beamkneeeq\o\ac(○,14)框架肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,15)半梁halfbeam圖3.6.2縱骨架式甲板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.6.2縱骨架式甲板結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.6.2縱骨架式甲板結(jié)構(gòu)longitudinalframingdeckconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,2)艙口圍板hatchcoamingeq\o\ac(○,3)艙口縱桁hatchgirdereq\o\ac(○,4)艙口端橫梁hatchendbeameq\o\ac(○,5)甲板中心線deckcenterlineeq\o\ac(○,6)圓鋼roundsteelbareq\o\ac(○,7)防傾肘板trippingknee,trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,8)小肘板smallkneeeq\o\ac(○,9)防傾肘板trippingknee,trippingbracketeq\o\ac(○,10)管型支柱tubularpillar,pipestanchioneq\o\ac(○,11)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,12)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,13)肘板bracket,kneeeq\o\ac(○,14)強(qiáng)橫梁decktransverseeq\o\ac(○,15)肘板bracket,kneeeq\o\ac(○,16)斜置加強(qiáng)筋diagonalstiffenereq\o\ac(○,17)主肋骨webframeeq\o\ac(○,18)強(qiáng)橫梁decktransverseeq\o\ac(○,19)甲板縱骨decklongitudinaleq\o\ac(○,20)加強(qiáng)筋stiffener圖圖3.6.3甲板間立柱結(jié)構(gòu)圖圖3.6.4甲板貨艙口處懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)圖3.6.3甲板間立柱結(jié)構(gòu)tweendeckpillarconstructioneq\o\ac(○,1)橫梁beameq\o\ac(○,2)甲板縱桁deckgirdereq\o\ac(○,3)上甲板upperdeckeq\o\ac(○,4)艙口端梁hatchendbeameq\o\ac(○,5)肘板knee,bracketeq\o\ac(○,6)墊板templateeq\o\ac(○,7)強(qiáng)橫梁webbeameq\o\ac(○,8)加強(qiáng)板plateeq\o\ac(○,9)縱桁girder,stringereq\o\ac(○,10)下甲板lowerdeckeq\o\ac(○,11)立柱pillar⑨⑨⑧eq\o\ac(○,3)圖3.6.5露天貨艙口圍板結(jié)構(gòu)圖圖3.6.6甲板艙口角隅處加強(qiáng)圖3.6.4甲板貨艙口處懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)cargohatchcantileverbeameq\o\ac(○,1)甲板deckeq\o\ac(○,2)內(nèi)底板innerbottomplatingeq\o\ac(○,3)肋骨frameeq\o\ac(○,4)中桁材bottomcenterlinegirder,centergirdereq\o\ac(○,5)旁桁材sidegirdereq\