雅思閱讀：基礎(chǔ)段作業(yè)（含解析）

基礎(chǔ)第一C10基礎(chǔ)第一C10T3P1TheContext,MeaningandScopeofOncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomeaninstitutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradeformanynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quotingfromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetravelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeofcertaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-widetourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarisewhenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.CompletethesentencesChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.InGreece,tourismisthemost ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthe Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflectedinthemeasurementof C9T4P1ThelifeandworkofMarieTheirC9T4P1ThelifeandworkofMarieTheirmarriagein1895markedthestartofapartnershipthatwassoontoachieveresultsofworldsignificance.FollowingHenriBecquerel'sdiscoveryin1896ofanewphenomenon,whichMarielatercalled'radioactivity',MarieCuriedecidedtofindoutiftheradioactivitydiscoveredinuraniumwastobefoundinotherdements.Shediscoveredthatthiswastrueforthorium.Turningherattentiontominerals,shefoundherinterestdrawntopitchblende,amineralwhoseradioactivity,superiortothatofpureuranium,couldbeexplainedonlybythepresenceintheoreofsmallquantitiesofanunknownsubstanceofveryhighactivity.PierreCuriejoinedherintheworkthatshehadundertakentoresolvethisproblem,andthatledtothediscoveryofthenewelements,poloniumandradium.WhilePierreCuriedevotedhimselfchieflytothephysicalstudyofthenewradiations,MarieCuriestruggledtoobtainpureradiuminthemetallicstate.ThiswasachievedwiththehelpofthechemistAndre-LouisDebierne,oneofPierreCurie'spupils.Basedontheresultsofthisresearch,MarieCuriereceivedherDoctorateofScience,andin1903MarieandPierresharedwithBecquereltheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryofCompletethenotesChooseONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes7-13onyouranswerMarieCurie’sresearchonWhenuraniumwasdiscoveredtoberadioactive,MarieCuriefoundthattheelementcalled7 hadthesameproperty.MarieandPierreCurie'sresearchintotheradioactivityofthemineralknown ledtothediscoveryoftwonewelements.In1911,MarieCuriereceivedrecognitionforherworkontheelement MarieandIreneCuriedevelopedX-radiographywhichwasusedasamedicaltechniquefor10 MarieCuriesawtheimportanceofcollectingradioactivematerialbothforresearchandforcasesof11 TheradioactivematerialstockedinPariscontributedtothediscoveriesinthe1930softhe12 andofwhatwasknownasartificialradioactivity.Duringherresearch,MarieCuriewasexposedtoradiationandasaresultshesufferedfrom13 ThebirthsofMarie'stwoThebirthsofMarie'stwodaughters,IreneandEve,in1897and1904failedtointerruptherscientificwork.ShewasappointedlecturerinphysicsattheEcoleNormaleSuperieureforgirlsinSevres,France(1900),andintroducedamethodofteachingbasedonexperimentaldemonstrations.InDecember1904shewasappointedchiefassistantinthelaboratorydirectedbyPierreCurie.Thesuddendeathofherhusbandin1906wasabitterblowtoMarieCurie,butwasalsoaturningpointinhercareer:henceforthshewastodevoteallherenergytocompletingalonethescientificworkthattheyhadundertaken.OnMay13,1906,shewasappointedtotheprofessorshipthathadbeenleftvacantonherhusband'sdeath,becomingthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne.In1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryfortheisolationofapureformofradium.DuringWorldWarI,MarieCurie,withthehelpofherdaughterIrene,devotedherselftothedevelopmentoftheuseofX-radiography,includingthemobileunitswhichcametobeknownas'LittleCuries',usedforthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.In1918theRadiumInstitute,whosestaffIrenehadjoined,begantooperateinearnest,andbecameacentrefornuclearphysicsandchemistry.MarieCurie,nowatthehighestpointofherfameand,from1922,amemberoftheAcademyofMedicine,researchedthechemistryofradioactivesubstancesandtheirmedicalapplications.In1921,accompaniedbyhertwodaughters,MarieCuriemadeatriumphantjourneytotheUnitedStatestoraisefundsforresearchonradium.Womentherepresentedherwithagramofradiumforhercampaign:MariealsogavelecturesinBelgium,Brazil,SpainandCzechoslovakiaand,inaddition,hadthesatisfactionofseeingthedevelopmentoftheCurieFoundationinParis,andtheinaugurationin1932inWarsawoftheRadiumInstitute,wherehersisterBroniabecamedirector.OneofMarieCurie'soutstandingachievementswastohaveunderstoodtheneedtoaccumulateintenseradioactivesources,notonlytotreatillnessbutalsotomaintainanabundantsupplyforresearch.TheexistenceinParisattheRadiumInstituteofastockof1.5gramsofradiummadeadecisivecontributiontothesuccessoftheexperimentsundertakenintheyearsaround1930.ThisworkpreparedthewayforthediscoveryoftheneutronbySirJamesChadwickand,aboveall,forthediscoveryin1934byIreneandFredericJoliot-Curieofartificialradioactivity.Afewmonthsafterthisdiscovery,MarieCuriediedasaresultofleukaemiacausedbyexposuretoradiation.Shehadoftencarriedtesttubescontainingradioactiveisotopesinherpocket,remarkingontheprettyblue-greenlighttheygaveoff.C7T1P1Let’sGoQuestions10-CompletethesentencesChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.10.Longbeforetheinventionofradar, hadresultedinasophisticatedTheSonarandRadarpioneersdidn’tknowitthen,butalltheworldnowknowsthatbats,orrathernaturalselectionworkingonbats,hadperfectedthesystemtensofmillionsofyearsearlier,andTheSonarandRadarpioneersdidn’tknowitthen,butalltheworldnowknowsthatbats,orrathernaturalselectionworkingonbats,hadperfectedthesystemtensofmillionsofyearsearlier,andtheir‘radar’achievesfeatsofdetectionandnavigationthatwouldstrikeanengineerdumbwithadmiration.Itistechnicallyincorrecttotalkaboutbat‘radar’,sincetheydonotuseradiowaves.Itissonar.Buttheunderlyingmathematicaltheoriesofradarandsonarareverysimilar,andmuchofourscientificunderstandingofthedetailsofwhatbatsaredoinghascomefromapplyingradartheorytothem.TheAmericanzoologistDonaldGriffin,whowaslargelyresponsibleforthediscoveryofsonarinbats,coinedtheterm‘echolocation’tocoverbothsonarandradar,whetherusedbyanimalsorbyhumaninstruments.likesysteminRadarisaninaccuratetermwhenreferringtobatsbecause arenotusedintheirnavigationsystem.Radarandsonararebasedonsimilar Theword‘echolocation’wasfirstusedbysomeoneworkingasa 第二1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspending第二1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,tomaximizetheirincomes,whichtogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivate5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotional6.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.7.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,academicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.10.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.11.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.12.Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.13.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft--allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.14.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time--consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.15.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.16.Thecurrentpassionfor16.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.17.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.forthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.19.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.20.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.第三利用scanning1-5利用skimming6-10題段落中心第三利用scanning1-5利用skimming6-10題段落中心C6T1P1AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGFOfcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying-andmanyhavetried.Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.AttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Thesamehashappenedtothe‘a(chǎn)ltitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.ButAustralia'ssuccessstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonownonationhasreplicateditsall-encompassingsystem.ISTHEREANYBODYOUTATheprimaryreasonforthesearchisbasiccuriosity-thesamecuriosityaboutthenaturalworldthatdrivesallpurescience.WewanttoknowwhetherwearealoneintheUniverse.Wewanttoknowwhetherlifeevolvesnaturallyifgiventherightconditions,orwhetherthereissomethingveryspecialabouttheEarthtohavefosteredthevarietyoflifeformsthatweseearoundusontheplanet.Thesimpledetectionofaradiosignalwillbesufficienttoanswerthismostbasicofallquestions.Inthissense,SETIisanothercoginthemachineryofpuresciencewhichiscontinuallypushingoutthehorizonofourknowledge.However,thereareotherreasonsforbeinginterestedinwhetherlifeexistselsewhere.Forexample,wehavehadcivilisationonEarthforperhapsonlyafewthousandyears,andthethreatsofnuclearwarandpollutionoverthelastfewdecadeshavetoldusthatoursurvivalmaybetenuous.Willwelastanothertwothousandyearsorwillwewipeourselvesout?SincethelifetimeofaplanetChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.WhatisthelifeexpectancyofHowmanystarsaretheworld'smostpowerfulradiotelescopesChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORA1.Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists'performanceimproveatthe1996Olympicoursisseveralbillionyears,wecanexpectthat,ifothercivilisationsdosurviveinourgalaxy,theirageswillrangefromzerotoseveralbillionyears.Thusanyothercivilisationthatwehearfromislikelyoursisseveralbillionyears,wecanexpectthat,ifothercivilisationsdosurviveinourgalaxy,theirageswillrangefromzerotoseveralbillionyears.Thusanyothercivilisationthatwehearfromislikelytobefarolder,onaverage,thanourselves.Themereexistenceofsuchacivilisationwilltellusthatlong-termsurvivalispossible,andgivesussomecauseforoptimism.Itisevenpossiblethattheoldercivilisationmaypassonthebenefitsoftheirexperienceindealingwiththreatstosurvivalsuchasnuclearwarandglobalpollution,andotherthreatsthatwehaven'tyetdiscovered.DAnaliencivilisationcouldchoosemanydifferentwaysofsendinginformationacrossthegalaxy,butmanyoftheseeitherrequiretoomuchenergy,orelseareseverelyattenuatedwhiletraversingthevastdistancesacrossthegalaxy.Itturnsoutthat,foragivenamountoftransmittedpower,radiowavesinthefrequencyrange1000to3000MHztravelthegreatestdistance,andsoallsearchestodatehaveconcentratedonlookingforradiowavesinthisfrequencyrange.Sofartherehavebeenanumberofsearchesbyvariousgroupsaroundtheworld,includingAustraliansearchesusingtheradiotelescopeatParkes,NewSouthWales.Untilnowtherehavenotbeenanydetectionsfromthefewhundredstarswhichhavebeensearched.Thescaleofthesearcheshasbeenincreaseddramaticallysince1992,whentheUSCongressvotedNASA$10millionperyearfortenyearstoconductathoroughsearchforextra-terrestriallife.Muchofthemoneyinthisprojectisbeingspentondevelopingthespecialhardwareneededtosearchmanyfrequenciesatonce.Theprojecthastwoparts.Onepartisatargetedsearchusingtheworld'slargestradiotelescopes,theAmerican-Thispartoftheprojectissearchingthenearest1000likelystarswithhighsensitivityforsignalsinthefrequencyrange1000to3000MHz.Theotherpartoftheprojectisanundirectedsearchwhichismonitoringallofspacewithalowersensitivity,usingthesmallerantennasofNASA'sDeepSpaceNetwork.C11T3P1TheStoryoftheWiththemulberrysilkwormbeingnativetoChina,thecountrywastheworld’ssoleproducerofsilkformanyhundredsofyears.Thesecretofsilk-makingeventuallyreachedtherestoftheworldviatheByzantineEmpire,whichruledovertheMediterraneanregionofsouthernEurope,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastduringtheperiod330-1453AD.Accordingtoanotherlegend,monksworkingfortheByzantineemperorJustiniansmuggledsilkwormeggstoConstantinople(Istanbulinmodern-dayTurkey)in550AD,concealedinsidehollowbamboowalkingcanes.TheByzantineswereassecretiveastheChinese,however,andformanycenturiestheweavingandtradingofsilkfabricwasastrictimperialmonopoly.Thenintheseventhcentury,theArabsconqueredPersia,capturingtheirmagnificentsilksintheprocess.4.550AD:8 hidesilkwormeggsincanesandtakethemtoSilkproductionthusspreadthroughAfrica,SicilySilkproductionthusspreadthroughAfrica,SicilyandSpainastheArabsthroughtheselands.AndalusiainsouthernSpainwasEurope’smainsilk-producingcentreinthetenthcentury.Bythethirteenthcentury,however,ItalyhadbecomeEurope’sleaderinsilkproductionandexport.VenetianmerchantstradedextensivelyinsilkandencouragedsilkgrowerstosettleinItaly.Evennow,silkprocessedintheprovinceofComoinnorthernItalyenjoysanesteemedreputation.C12T8P1TheHistoryofGlassblowingbecamethemostcommonwaytomakeglasscontainersfromthefirstcenturyBC.Theglassmadeduringthistimewashighlycolouredduetotheimpuritiesoftherawmaterial.InthefirstcenturyAD,methodsofcreatingcolourlessglassweredeveloped,whichwasthentintedbytheadditionofcolouringmaterials.ThesecretofglassmakingwastakenacrossEuropebytheRomansduringthiscentury.However,theyguardedtheskillsandtechnologyrequiredtomakeglassveryclosely,anditwasnotuntiltheirempirecollapsedin476ADthatglass-makingknowledgebecamewidespreadthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEast.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,theVenetiansgainedareputationfortechnicalskillandartisticabilityinthemakingofglassbottles,andmanyofthecity’scraftsmenleftItalytosetupglassworksthroughoutEurope.C10T3P1TheContext,MeaningandScopeofChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsA-EfromthelistofheadingsEconomicandsocialsignificanceofThedevelopmentofmassTravelfortheEarningforeignexchangethroughDifficultyinrecognisingtheeconomiceffectsofThecontributionofairtraveltoTheworldimpactofThehistoryofParagraphParagraphChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeach Until476AD:Only knewhowtomakeATravelhasexistedsincethebeginningoftime,whenprimitivemansetout,ATravelhasexistedsincethebeginningoftime,whenprimitivemansetout,traversinggreatdistancesinsearchofgame,whichprovidedthefoodandclothingnecessaryforhissurvival.Throughoutthecourseofhistory,peoplehavetravelledforcompellingmotivations.IntheRomanera,wealthyaristocratsandhighgovernmentofficialsalsotravelledforpleasure.SeasideresortslocatedatPompeiiandHerculaneumaffordedcitizenstheopportunitytoescapetotheirvacationvillasinordertoavoidthesummerheatofRome.Travel,exceptduringtheDarkAges,hascontinuedtogrowand,throughoutrecordedhistory,hasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofcivilisationsandtheireconomies.BTourisminthemassformasweknowittodayisadistinctlytwentieth-phenomenon.HistorianssuggestthattheadventofmasstourismbeganinEnglandduringtheindustrialrevolutionwiththeriseofthemiddleclassandtheavailabilityofrelativelyinexpensivetransportation.ThecreationofthecommercialairlineindustryfollowingtheSecondWorldWarandthesubsequentdevelopmentofthejetaircraftinthe1950ssignalledtherapidgrowthandexpansionofinternationaltravel.Thisgrowthledtothedevelopmentofamajornewindustry:tourism.Inturn,internationaltourismbecametheconcernofanumberofworldgovernmentssinceitnotonlyprovidednewemploymentopportunitiesbutalsoproducedameansofearningforeignexchange.CTourismtodayhasgrownsignificantlyinbotheconomicandsocialInmostindustrialisedcountriesoverthepastfewyearsthefastestgrowthhasbeenseenintheareaofservices.Oneofthelargestsegmentsoftheserviceindustry,althoughlargelyunrecognisedasanentityinsomeofthesecountries,istravelandtourism.AccordingtotheWorldTravelandTourismCouncil(1992),Travelandtourismisthelargestindustryintheworldonvirtuallyanyeconomicmeasureincludingvalue-addedcapitalinvestment,employmentandtaxcontributions’.In1992,theindustry'sgrossoutputwasestimatedtobe$3.5trillion,over12percentofallconsumerspending.Thetravelandtourismindustryistheworld'slargestemployerwithalmost130millionjobs,oralmost7percentofallemployees.Thisindustryistheworld'sleadingindustrialcontributor,producingover6percentoftheworld'sgrossnationalproductandaccountingforcapitalinvestmentinexcessof$422billionindirect,indirectandpersonaltaxescadiyear.Thus,tourismhasaprofoundimpactbothontheworldeconomyand,becauseoftheeducativeeffectoftravelandtheeffectsonemployment,onsocietyitself.DHowever,themajorproblemsofthetravelandtourismindustrythathaveorobscured,itseconomicimpactarethediversityandfragmentationoftheindustryitself.Thetravelindustryincludes:hotels,motelsandothertypesofParagraphParagraphrestaurantsandotherfoodrestaurantsandotherfoodservices;transportationservicesandfacilities;amusements,attractionsandotherleisurefacilities;giftshopsandalargenumberofotherenterprises.Sincemanyofthesebusinessesalsoservelocalresidents,theimpactofspendingbyvisitorscaneasilybeoverlookedorunderestimated.Inaddition,Meis(1992)pointsoutthatthetourismindustryinvolvesconceptsthathaveremainedamorphoustobothanalystsanddecisionmakers.Moreover,inallnationsthisproblemhasmadeitdifficultfortheindustrytodevelopanytypeofreliableorcredibletourisminformationbaseinordertoestimatethecontributionitmakestoregional,nationalandglobaleconomics.However,thenatureofthisverydiversitymakestravelandtourismidealvehiclesforeconomicdevelopmentinawidevarietyofcountries,regionsorcommunities.EOncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomeinstitutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradeformanynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quotingfromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetravelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeofcertaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-widetourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarisewhenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.1作業(yè)要求利用三大黃金定位詞組合定劃出定位1作業(yè)要求利用三大黃金定位詞組合定劃出定位C10T3P1TheContext,MeaningandScopeofOncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomeaninstitutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradeformanynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quotingfromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetravelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeofcertaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-widetourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarisewhenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.CompletethesentencesChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.InGreece,tourismisthemost ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthe Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflectedinthemeasurementof 211.InGreece,tourismisthe211.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportantsourceof定位詞排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：most定位句Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.同義替換mostimportant=12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajor定位詞排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：travelandtourism,定位句…travelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.同義替換major=numberone13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflectedinthemeasurementofdomestictourism.定位詞排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：problems,international,reflect定位句However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffect3measurement,itisnotpossiblewithany3measurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeofcertaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-widetourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarisewhenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.同義替換problems=difficultiesinternational=world-wideoften=inmanycasesreflectin=ariseC9T4P1ThelifeandworkofMarieTheirmarriagein1895markedthestartofapartnershipthatwassoontoachieveresultsofworldsignificance.FollowingHenriBecquerel'sdiscoveryin1896ofanewphenomenon,whichMarielatercalled'radioactivity',MarieCuriedecidedtofindoutiftheradioactivitydiscoveredinuraniumwastobefoundinotherdements.CompletethenotesChooseONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes7-13onyouranswerMarieCurie’sresearchonWhenuraniumwasdiscoveredtoberadioactive,MarieCuriefoundthattheelementcalled7 hadthesameproperty.MarieandPierreCurie'sresearchintotheradioactivityofthemineralknown ledtothediscoveryoftwonewelements.In1911,MarieCuriereceivedrecognitionforherworkontheelement MarieandIreneCuriedevelopedX-radiographywhichwasusedasamedicaltechniquefor10 MarieCuriesawtheimportanceofcollectingradioactivematerialbothforresearchandforcasesof11 TheradioactivematerialstockedinPariscontributedtothediscoveriesinthe1930softhe12 andofwhat