醫(yī)學(xué)英語往年試題

ExaminationPaper

(Formedicalstudents)

學(xué)號(hào)姓名分?jǐn)?shù)

I.Choosethecorrectmeaningforeachprefixorsuffix.8%

1.masto-A.breast.B.womb.C.menses.D.orary

2.extra-A.inside.B.outside.C.across.D.backward

3.spleno-A.cell.B.bonemarrow.C.thymus.D.spleen

4.-ectomyA.cutting.B.stomy.C.cuttingout.D.outlet-forming

5.dermo一A.skin.B.below.C.under.D.cuti

6.proteo-A.sweet.B.bile.C.protein.D.fat

7.chromo-A.time.B.color.C.for.D.disease

8.necro-A.life.B.colour.C.time.D.dead.

II.Fillingintheblankswithproperwords.8%

9.Wewillusethetermtorefertothedatathatcanbegatheredaboutan

individualpatient,namely,symptoms,signs,andlaboratoryabnormalities.

10.arethosediseasescharacterizedbystructuralchangeswithin

thebodyasthemostbasicabnormality.

11.Thesurgeonshouldneverleavetheoperatingroomareauntilthereportisdictated,

unlesshisorherisrequiredforanemergencyelsewhere.

12.Thefunctionoftheistoprotectusfromorganismsthatcause

disease,andfromothermaterialsthatwouldbeharmfultothebody.

13.AIDS,abbreviationof,isaviral

diseasethatimpairstheimmunesystemofthehumanbody,leavingitpreytoagreatvarietyof

infectionsthatwouldbereadilysuppressedbyafunctioningimmunesystem.

14.Approximately10%ofthepatientsbreastcancerpresentwithahistoryof

trauma.

15.Obesityinchildrenandadolescentsmaybeassociatedwithsociopsychologic

16.MostpeoplewhohaverecentlybeeninfectedbyHIVlookandfeelperfect

III.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.8%

17.Geneticanddevelopmentaldiseases.

a.coverawiderangeofabnormalities

b.areinfluencedbyenvironmentsoastoappearearlyinlife

c.aredefinedasinjuries,inflammation,orevenneoplasms

d.arecausedbybiochemicalchangespresentatbirth

18.Structuralchangeswithinthebody.

a.arethemostbasicabnormality

b.areusuallyatthemicroscopicorelectronmicroscopiclevel

c.maybeeitherbiochemicalormoiphologic

d.aredifficulttoclassify

19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsarenottrue?

a.Structuraldiseasessometimesfallintomorethanonecategory.

b.Structuraldiseasesarenotalwaystoclassify.

c.Structuraldiseasesusuallyfallintomoreofthethreebroadcategories.

d.Structuraldiseasesarecalledlesionsthatmaybebiochemicalormorphologic.

20.Theauthorsuggeststhatallofthefollowingmeansbeusedtohelpchildrenwith

elevatedbloodcholesterollevelsexcept.

a.formalnutritioncounseling

b.regularfollow-up,includingmeasurementofbloodlevels.

c.dietaryinterventionsasfirsttherapy

d.lipid-loweringmedications

21.Theonethingthattheauthordoesnotrecommendisthat.

a.youngpeopleshouldbescreenedtodetectelevatedbloodcholesterollevels

b.alow-fat,balanceddietshouldbecomethenorm

c.effortstolowerfatinfoodshouldbeencouraged

d.dietaryeducationshouldbepromoted

22.WhichofthefollowingistrueofthestudentsinthecontroloftheDISC?

a.Theyshowedthesamereductionsinbloodlipidlevels.

b.Theymadechangestowardhealthierbehaviors.

c.Theywereawareofthehighrisksofthestudy.

d.Theymadeinformationinthistrialavailabletophysicians.

23.HowdoesHIVdamagestheimmunesystem?

a.ByintegratingwithandtakingoverRNAofcells.

b.Byinfiltratingandbloodstream.

c.ByinfectinganddamaginghelperTcells.

d.ByincreasingthecrucialactivitiesofthekillerTcells.

24.TheauthorbelievedthatthebestwaytocheckthespreadoftheAIDSis.

a.toconductglobaleducationaboutthedisease

b.totreattheknowncaseswithAZT

c.tolimittheprocessofthedisease

d.tousecondomsandother"safesex”practices

IV.Readingcomprehension.30%

PassageA

HIVisspreadortransmittedfromthepersontoanotherbybodilyfluidssuchasbloods,semen

andvaginalfluid.Thishappenedintwomainways:

1.bysexualintercoursewithaninfectedperson.

Theviruscanbetransmittedwhenaninfectedindividualhassexualintercoursewithanother

person.Thelagerthenumberofsexualpartnersandindividualhas,themorelikelyheorsheisto

haveapartnerwhohasHIVinfection,therebyincreasingthechancesofbecominginfected.

Thevirusispassedonmoreeasilybyanalintercoursethanbyvaginalintercourse.Theinfection

canbetransmittednotonlyfrommantomanandmantowoman,butalsofromwomantoman.

Althoughtransmissionismorelikelytooccurfrommalestofemalesthanfromfemalestomales,

theriskoffemaletomaketransmissionissignificant.

2.byinfectedbloodandbloodproducts.

AlthoughtransmissionofHIVhasoccurredthroughtransfusionsofinfectedbloodandblood

productsinthepast,donationstotheRedCrossBloodTransfusionServicearenowroutinely

testedforHIVantibodies.ThisscreeningandothermeasuresintroducedbytheRedCrossBlood

TransfusionServicemakethechancesofanyonebeinginfectedthoughthisroutevery,veryslim,

a.Transmissionthroughbloodfromapersoninfectedwithvirusoccurswheninfected

needlesand/orsyringesaresharedbypeopleusingillicitdrugs.

b.ThereisabsolutelynoriskofblooddonorsacquiringHIVinfectionbygivingbloodto

theRedCrossTransfusionService.

3.frommothertobabyduringpregnancy.

Thevirusisverylikelytobepassedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringpregnancy.There

isalsoapossibilityofthevirusbeingtransmittedthroughbreastmilk.Womenwhointendto

becomepregnantshouldconsiderhavinganHIVantibodytest.

WedoknowhowthevirusisNOTspread:

ItisNOTspreadthroughtheair.Youcannotbecomeinfectedbybreathingtheairbreathedoutby

aninfectedpersonortheairfromanairconditioner.

ItisNOTspreadthroughpeopleswallowinginfectedliquids.HIVhasbeenfoundinsaliva,but

infectiondoesNOTtakeplacethroughusingcups,glasses,plates,othercrockeryorcutlerywhich

hasbeenusedbypeoplewithAIDS.ThereisnoevidencethatHIVcanbeacquiredbyintimate

kissing.

ItisNOTspreadbymosquitoes.StudiesintheUSAhaveNOTlinkedthespreadofHIVwith

mosquitoes.

25.HIVcannotbespread.

a.bysemenb.byfood

c.byvaginalfluidd.bybreastmilk

26.Thevirusispassedonmoreeasily.

a.byvaginalintercourseb.byanalintercourse

c.bypersonalcontactd.bymosquitoes

27.HIVcanbemoreeasilytransmitted.

a.frommaletofemalesb.fromfemalestomales

c.fromanmothertoherchildd,fromsaliva

28.Womenwhointendtobecomepregnantshouldconsider.

a,havinganHIVantibodytestb.havingbloodtest

c.receivingabloodtransfusiond.breadfeeding

29.HIVcanbespread.

a.throughusingcups,glasses,plates...b.breathingtheinfectedair

c.throughtheaird.duringpregnancy

PassageB

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.

Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldata

fromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusingan

off-theshelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itis

perfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient'svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipment

inafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingof

thepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleast

oneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse--■-especiallyafterearthquakes.

Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.

Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedical

imagesaroundtheworld——CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.

Communicationsatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchas

earthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generation

Internetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.

30.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe.

a.personaldataassistance

b.standardizedsymptomsofapatient

c.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient

d.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages

31.Thesentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingof

thepast“means.

a.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse

b.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse

c.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse

d.littlekidsoftencriedandaskediftherewasdoctorinthehouse

32.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat.

a.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage

b.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient'svitalsignsovertelephone

c.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse

d.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata

33.Theword"problem"inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat.

a.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers

b.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence

c.communicationsatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters

d.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld

34.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe.

a.TheOnlineDoctorWillBeIn

b.ImprovementinCommunications

c.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis.

d.TheAdvantageofTelemedicine

PassageC

Medicalresearchersbelievetheymaysoonbeabletopreventoneoftheworld'smostfeared

diseases,leprosy（麻風(fēng)病）.Thescientistsstudyingleprosyhavedevelopedavaccinethatappears

topreventthediseaseinsomeanimals.Laterthisyearthedoctorsplantocarryoutthetestsof

vaccineonhumansintheUnitedStates,NorwayandBritain.

Aboutfifteenmillionpersonsarevictimsofleprosytoday.Thediseaseproducesskinsoresand

highbodytemperatures.Italsodeadensthenerveendingsinthehands,feetandnose.Domany

leprosyvictimscannotfeelwhentheirhandsorfeetgetburned,cutorfrozen.

Doctorsfoundthatleprosygrowseasilyinarmadillos（猶徐）.Thearmadillosarechosenforthe

studiesbecauseitsbodytemperatureissimilartothecoolerskinareaofhumanswhereleprosy

spreadsfastest,thefingers,toesandnose.Onegramofinfectedarmadillolivercanprovidelarge

amountsofleprosybacteria.Doctorscookthebacteriauntiltheyaredead.Thedeadbacteriathen

aremadeintothevaccine.Sofarthevaccinehassuccessfullypreventedthedevelopmentof

leprosyinmiceandarmadillos.

35.Whichofthefollowingareaisnotincludedinthetestsofthevaccinecarriedoutonhumans?

a.America

b.Norway

c.Britain

d.Asia

36.isnotthedirectclinicalmanifestationofleprosy.

a.Highbodytemperature

b.Skinsores

c.Deadeningofnerveendinginthehands,feetandnose

d.Infection

37.Scientistschoosearmadillosfortheirstudiesbecause?

a.theyareeasytofeed

b.theycanbeeasilycaught

c.theirbodytemperatureissimilartothatoftheleprosypatients.

d.theyexisteverywhereintheworld.

38.Thelesslikelytobeattackedpartofhumanbodybyleprosybacteriais.

a.heartb.toesc.nosed.

fingers

39.Amongthefollowingstatements,whichisnottrue?

a.About15,000,000personsarevictimsofleprosytoday.

b.Leprosyvictimsfeelpainwhentheirhandsgetburned.

c.Scientistsusedeadbacteriainthevaccine.

d.Leprosyisoneoftheworld'smostfrighteningdiseases.

V.Tran