第二講-主謂一致(高考英語語法復習)

高考語法復習第二講主謂一致安徽省青陽中學周美靈在線課堂501/502班

2020.2.111、用and連接兩個并列成分；2、介詞with伴隨主語；3、就近原則；4、各種代詞的主謂一致;5、短語和從句作主語；6、定語從句中的主謂一致。高考考點分析

問題1：Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.（NMET）

A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided

這個句子看上去是and連接的兩個并列短語充當主語，本應用復數(shù)形式的謂語，但這兩個短語表達的是同一事件的兩個方面，可以看成是一個整體，因此使用單數(shù)的謂語動詞；而從句意可判斷此句謂語動詞需使用被動語態(tài)。

1．兩個或兩個以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用and連接，謂語用復數(shù)．TomandDick

aregoodfriends.但若表示一個集合體時則用單數(shù)。Asingeranddancer

waspresentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter

istalkingtothestudents。Breadandbutter

tastesgood.類似的表達式有：(aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie）Truthandhonestyarethefoundationofmyreallife.2．用and連接的兩個名詞若被no,each,every,manya,

修飾，則謂語用單數(shù)。(Morethanone+n.謂語單數(shù))Nobirdandnobeastisseeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmadesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirlisgivenapresent.3.如果and后面加no或not,謂語也用單數(shù)形式，Myfriend,andnothers,ischosentojointhearmy.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

問題2：

Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.（NMET）

A.isoffered B.hasofferedC.areoffered D.haveoffered主語后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等，謂語應于前面主語保持一致．Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,wassenttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachersisallowedtousetheroom.

問題3：

NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary___tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.is B.are C.am D.be以連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,therebe,notonly…butalso連接的復合主語，其謂語與其相鄰的那個名詞的數(shù)保持一致，即就近原則。Eg.YouorIamtobeinvited.

問題4：

NobodybutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknowneither,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構成的不定代詞都作單數(shù)看待。Eachofushasanewpen.Everythingthatisaroundusismatter.

問題5：

Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.(2019NMET)A.were,was B.was,wasC.was,were D.were;were.

anumberof表示“很多”的意思，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。Thenumberof表示“數(shù)量，號碼”作主語，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

問題6：

_____ofthesouthernhemisphere(南半球)_____withwater.A.Four-five;iscoveredB.Four-fifths;iscoveredC.Four-fifth,arecoveredD.Four-fifths,arecovered.由“alotof,(lotsof,plentyof,therestof)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)＋名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞是否可數(shù)而定。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceissea.

問題7：

Allbutone_____herejustnow.(2019NMET)A.isB.wasC.havebeenD.wereA)what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)也可是復數(shù)，主要依意思而定。Whichisyourpen?哪是你的筆？

Whichareyourpens?哪些是你們的筆？B)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Allhavegonetothepark.

問題8：

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海春季)

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenwho,which,that作定語從句主語時，謂語取決于先行詞

Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heisthe（only）oneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.

問題9：

Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.isB.aregoingtobeC.are

以-ics結尾的學科名詞，如“mathematics,politics,physics以及news,等，形式上為復數(shù)，實際為單數(shù)，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。另外：復數(shù)名詞用作書，電影、戲劇、報刊、國家等名稱時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。His“selectedPoems”____firstpublishedin1965.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeen

問題10：

Hisfamily___allfootballfans.

A.isB.hasbeenC.arebeingD.are

集體名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；集體名詞看成個體，謂語用復數(shù)．但people,police,cattle等只能用復數(shù)．Myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyarelisteningtotheradio.Thepolicearetryingtocatchthethief.

問題11：

Therich___notalwayshappy.

A.isB.hasC.haveD.are

形容詞加定冠詞the表示一類人時，謂語用復數(shù)。

Whatasimplelifethepoorwereliving!Theyoungarehappytogivetheirseatstotheold.

問題12:1.Growingvegetables____constantwatering.

A.needB.areneededC.isneededD.needs

2.WhatIsayandthink____nobusinessofyours.

A.isB.areC.wereD.bothAandB

當動名詞短語、不定式短語和從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果用and連接兩個從句或短語作主語，則需看是表示一個整體還是不同的兩件事。題（2）中的“WhatIsayandthink”既可理解為同一件事也可理解為不同的兩個動作。（注意：從句作主語時有時需根據(jù)表語來定。）（一）謂語動詞常用復數(shù)的情況1）主語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞

Theteachers

arerespectedintheworld.2)當people,police,cattle等集體名詞作主語，形式上為單數(shù)而意義卻是復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)

Thepolice

arelookingforthemissingchild.Thecattleare

keptinhisfarm.3）山脈、群島、瀑布、運動會等s結尾的復數(shù)名詞作主語。

TheOlympicGames

areheldonceeveryfouryears.TheRockymountains

standinthewestofthenorthAmerica4）the+adj.表示一類人或物做主語時

如the+blind,deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,richold,young等Thedead

aresoonforgotten.Therich

arenotalwayshappy.Generallyspeakingtheyoung

areeagerforsuccess.5)the+姓的復數(shù)形式表一家人

TheWhites

aregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.TheGreens

werewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.（二）謂語動詞常用單數(shù)的情況1）可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞作主語時。2）表示時間、距離、金錢、長度、重量等復數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時。

Twentyyears

isonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.3)主語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞

形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Lookingafterthechildren

ismyfulltimejob.Todieforthepeople

isaworthydeath.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting

isunknown.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.4)以-S結尾的單數(shù)名詞，形式為復數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)如表示學科、國家、機構、書籍、報刊等名稱作主語,(news,physics,maths，politics)謂語用單數(shù)。TheUnitedstates

ismadeupof50states.TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernmentGreatExpectations

waswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.

5)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等無生命的集合名詞作主語。

Clothing

isbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.配套視頻教程mba518eachneithereither+of+the+復數(shù)名詞或代詞Eachofus

hasadictionary.Eitherofthebooksonthetable

belongstome.Neitherofthem

isfitforthejob.7)manya/each/everyeither/neithermorethanone+單數(shù)名詞Manyastudent

hasseenthefilm.Neitherstory

istrue.

當each放在主語后作同位語時，不決定謂語單復數(shù)Theyeach

haveadictionary.=Eachofthem

hasadictionary.Morethanonestudent

hasseenthefilm.Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.8)everyeachnomanya

+名詞單數(shù)＋and+everyeachnomanya+名詞單數(shù)作主語時謂語用單數(shù)Everydeskandeverychair

ismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirl

hasmadethesamemistake.9）由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body所構成的復合代詞做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)Nobodywantstogothere.Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.10）man(人類)和theworld(世人)作主語時

Man

hascreatedmanyusefulthings.Theworld

knowsthattheearthisround.（三）其它情況1）用and或both…and…連接的兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。但是如果and連接的兩個名詞作主語，指同一個人或事或整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)（如果是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)這時and后面的名詞一般沒有冠詞）。用is/are填空

EnglishandChinese

quitedifferentlanguages.Waterandair

bothimportant.Ayoungmanandagirl

togothere.Thesingerandthewriter

famoustomanyyoungpeople.

areareareare配套視頻教程mba518Themanagerandsecretary

asbusyasabeealldayThesingerandwriter

famoustoeveryone.Warandpeace（戰(zhàn)爭與和平）

aconstantthemeinhistory.Aknifeandfork（刀叉）

neededforawesternmeal.Breadandbutter(黃油面包)

servedforbreakfast.Earlytobedandearlytorise（早睡早起）

agoodhabit.isisisisisisironandsteel鋼鐵lawandorder治安awatchandchain一塊帶鏈的表Aneedleandthread(針線)acoatandtie配有領帶的上衣

2）單、復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語動詞用復數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(種類),works(工廠),Chinese,Japanese等。選擇填空

has/haveEverymeans

beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

Allmeans

beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

hashavewas/wereThisshoeworks

setupin1980.

Thoseshoeworks

allsetupin1980.

waswere3)表示成雙成套的名詞，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等，作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式；但如與akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof連用，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Thiskindofbooks

isuseful.=Booksofthiskind

areuseful.配套視頻教程mba5184)某些集體名詞（如family,team等）作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。類似動詞還有：

class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。1)Hisfamily____(be)abigfamily2)Hisfamily______(be)listeningtomusicwhenhecameback3)ThepopulationinChina______(be)verylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChina_____(be)farmers.iswereisare5)就近原則下列連詞連接兩個主語時，及therebe句型有多個并列主語，謂語應與最靠近的主語保持一致。

AorBeitherAorBneitherAnorB notonlyAbutalsoBtherebeA,BandCnotAbutB動詞與靠近的主語一致1）Eitherthegirlortheboy______inCanada.(is/are)is2）NeitherhenorI_________theanswer.(knows/know)know3）NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

are5）Youorhe_______toblame．你或他有一人要受責備。

_____youorhetoblame?受責備的是你還是他？

A．is，IsB．a(chǎn)re，AreC．is，AreD．a(chǎn)re，Is6)_____eitherheoryouright?(be)(注意就近原則在疑問中的使用)Is4)You,heorI

right.am7)Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizetothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(NMET1994)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutD配套視頻教程mba5186)就前原則,當主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)按主語的單復數(shù)而定。2）NobodybutJohnandHelen

absent.I,ratherthanyou，

responsiblefortheaccident.wasam1)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(NMET2019北京卷)A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeA7)Noneof+n（復數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)均可

Noneof+n（單數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)Noneofthecarswas/weredamaged.這些車都沒有受損。Noneofthefoodhasgonebad.食物沒有變質。

8)anumberof+n（復數(shù)）作主語，謂語用復數(shù)

thenumberof+n（復數(shù)）作主語，謂語用單數(shù)

Thenumberofthepeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absen