《英語表可能性》課件

PPTcoursewareforEnglishtablepossibilities目錄CONTENTSPossibleexpressionsinEnglishThecontextandmeaningofpossibleexpressionsGrammarandvocabularyofpossibleexpressionsThepracticalapplicationofprobabilityexpression01PossibleexpressionsinEnglishModalverbsareusedtoexpresslikelihood,necessity,permission,orabilitySomecommonmodalverbsinclude"can,""could,""may,""right,""must,"and"shall."ModalverbscanbeusedincombinationwithotherverbstocreatecomplexexpressionsofpossibilityTheProbabilityofModalVerbExpressionVerbphrasesarecombinationsofverbsandtheircompletionthatexpressaspecificactionorstateVerbphrasescanbeusedtoexpressthelikelihoodorlikelihoodofanactionoccurringExample:"Heisliketowintherace."ThepossibilityofexpressingverbphrasesExample:"Heiswithoutdoublethebestplayerintheteam."PreliminaryphrasesarecombinationsofproposalsandtheirobjectsthatmodifyorclarifythemeaningofaverborobjectivePreliminaryphrasescanbeusedtoexpressthelikelihoodorlikelihoodofsomethinghappeninginaspecificcontextThepossibilityofexpressingpositionalphrases02ThecontextandmeaningofpossibleexpressionsContextconstraintsCulturalconsiderationsTheinfluenceofcontextonpossibleexpressionTheculturalbackgroundofthelistenerorreadercanalsoaffecthowaspecificexpressionisinterpretedExpressionsthatarecommoninoneculturemaybeunfriendlyorhavedifferentmeaningsinanothercultureThecontextinwhichanexpressionisusedcansignificantlyinfluenceitsinterpretationForexample,theword"table"canmeandifferentthingsdependingonthecontext-itcanrefertoapieceoffurniture,achart,oramealPolyIdiomaticexpressionsPossibleexpressionsofdifferentmeansManyEnglishwordshavemultiplemeaningsForexample,theword"run"canmeantomovequickly,tooperateamachine,ortomanageabusinessUnderstandingthecontextiscrucialindeterminingtheintendedmeaningManyEnglishwordshavemultiplemeaningsForexample,theword"run"canmeantomovequickly,tooperateamachine,ortomanageabusinessUnderstandingthecontextiscrucialindeterminingtheintendedmeaning要點(diǎn)三CommunicationeffectivenessTheuseofpossibleexpressionsallowedformoreflexibilityincommunication,enablingthespeakertoconvincethemoftheirintendedmeaningmoreeffectiveness要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二ClarityandprecisionAppropriateuseofpossibleexpressionscanenhanceclarityandprecisionincommunication,specificallywhendealingwithcomplexorabstractconceptsAdaptabilityByusingpossibleexpressions,thespeakercanadapttheirlanguagetothelistener'slevelofunderstanding,ensuringthatthemessageiscomprehensiveandappropriatefortheaudience要點(diǎn)三ThePragmaticFunctionofPossibleExpressions03GrammarandvocabularyofpossibleexpressionsSimplepresencestructure:Usesimpleandclearpresencestructurestoexpressideas,suchas"Thetablehasfourlegs.""Thetable,whichwasmadeofoak,hadasmoothfinish."Sentencediversity:Varypresencetypestoaddinterestanddynamismtothepresentation,includingdeclarative,interlocutive,andintrinsicintentionsThegraphicalstructureofpossibleexpressionsPrecisionvocabularyChooseprecisionandspecificvocabularytocommunicateideasclearlyandaccurately,suchas"Thetabletopismadeofglass."SynonymsUtilizesynonymstovarythelanguageandavoidredundancy,forexample,"Thetable'ssurfaceismadeofglass"insteadof"Thetabletopismadeofglass."TechnicaltermsUsetechnicaltermswhenappropriatetoreceiveasenseofauthorityandexpertise,suchas"Thetable'spedigreeisrevisedwithsteelsupports."VocabularyselectionforpossibleexpressionsActivevoicevs.passivevoiceSwitchbetweentheactiveandpassivevoicestovarytheemphasisandclarifythesubjectmatter,forinstance,"ThelegsofthetableareframedfromMahogany"vs."Mahoganyisusedtocraftthetable'slegs."Shortsensesvs.longsensesBalanceshortandlongsensestomaintainreaderinterestandcomprehension,suchas"Thetablemeasures120cmby60cm"vs."Thisrectangulartablehasdimensionsof120cmby60cm."SentenceconnectorsUsepresenceconnectorstolinkideasandcreateasmoothflowofinformation,including"inaddition,""further,"and"consistently."Changesinpresencepatternsofpossibleexpressions04ThepracticalapplicationofprobabilityexpressionNegotiationsandBusinessTalksWhendealingwithuncertainoutcomesorpotentialagreements,usingwordslike"possible,""possible,"or"unlikely"canhelpconvinceasenseofcauseoroptimizationSocialInteractionsDuringcasualconversations,expressingpossibilitiescanhelpavoidcommittingtoaspecificoutcomeandmaintainingadegreeofflexibilityTheapplicationofprobabilityexpressioninoralcommunicationWhenreportingoneventsthatmayormaynothappen,writersusepossibilityexpressionstodiscoveruncertaintyandavoidfalseclaimsNewsandJournalismInstories,authorsusepossibilityexpressionstocreatesuspension,uncertainty,anddrama,keepingreadersengagedFictionWritingTheapplicationofprobabilityexpressioninwritingLiteraryTranslationWhentranslatingfromonelanguagetoanother,translatorsneedtomaintaintheoriginalmeaningwhileadaptingittothetargetlanguageExpressionsofpossibilityallowformoreadvancedtranslation