上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《621綜合英語》歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2007年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2008年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2009年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2010年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2011年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2012年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2013年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2014年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2015年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2016年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2017年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2018年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

2007年上海海事大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院

621綜合英語考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementwiththebestappropriate

word(s)orphrase(s)chosenfromthe4alternativesattached.(40/150):

1.“Theshowmustgoon”istheoldest_____ofshowbusiness;everytrue

performerlivesbythatcreed.

A.euphemism

B.allegory

C.precursor

D.tenet

【答案】D

【解析】句意：“演出繼續(xù)進行”是表演界最古老的原則；每位表演者都

要遵循這一宗旨。tenet原則，宗旨。euphemism委婉語。allegory寓言。

precursor先驅(qū)，前導(dǎo)。

2.ANewWorldlizardthebasilisk,occasionallydoessomethingthatseems

to_____physics:itrunsacrossthesurfaceofwaterfordistancesofupto

thirtyfeet.

A.defy

B.quantify

C.assess

D.corroborate

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在新大陸上有一種蜥蜴，它們有時能做出一些看似違背

物理定律的行動：這種蜥蜴能夠在水面上奔跑，最遠距離甚至達到三十

英尺。defy藐視；公然反抗。quantify量化。assess評定。corroborate證

實。

3.Acodeofethicsgoverningthebehaviorofphysiciansduringepidemics

didnotexistuntil1846whenitwas_____bytheAmericanMedical

Association.

A.rescinded

B.promulgated

C.presupposed

D.depreciated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：直到1846年，美國醫(yī)師協(xié)會才頒布了在傳染病蔓延時醫(yī)

生需要遵守的倫理準則。promulgate公布，發(fā)表；傳播。rescind解除，

廢除。presuppose假定；預(yù)料。depreciate使……貶值；貶低，輕視。

4.Adiligentscholar,shedevotedherself_____tothecompletionofthe

book.

A.assiduously

B.ingenuously

C.voluminously

D.sporadically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她是一位勤奮的學(xué)者，她勤勉地進行了完成這本書的工

作。assiduously刻苦地，勤勉地。ingenuously率直地，正直地。

voluminously龐大地；很多地。sporadically零星地，偶發(fā)地。

5.DonaldTrumplatestcasinoinAtlanticCityisthemost_____gambling

palaceintheEast,easilyoutglitteringitscompetitor.

A.professional

B.speculative

C.ostentatious

D.lucrative

【答案】C

【解析】句意：唐納德·特朗普在大西洋城最新的賭場是東部最招搖的賭

博場所，它輕易地從競爭者中脫穎而出。ostentatious招搖的，賣弄的。

professional專業(yè)的。speculative猜測性的；投機性的。lucrative獲利豐厚

的。

6.Dr.Smithcautionedthatthedatasofararenotsufficiently_____to

warrantdogmaticassertionsbyeitherinthedebate.

A.hypothetical

B.tentative

C.controversial

D.unequivocal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：史密斯先生提醒道：目前的數(shù)據(jù)還不足以為辯論中任何

一方的假設(shè)提供充分的支持。hypothetical假設(shè)的。tentative實驗性的；

暫時的。controversial有爭議的。unequivocal明確的。

7.IfAmeliaEarhart’sacceptancewasbynomeans_____,herfamewas

unusuallywidespreadandherpopularitylong-lived.

A.universal

B.ambiguous

C.expedient

D.genuine

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果阿米莉亞的名聲不是普遍接受的話，那她的名聲傳

播得如此之廣之久遠也非常罕見了。universal普遍的，通用的。

ambiguous模糊不清的。expedient權(quán)宜的。genuine真正的。

8.Themuseumadministrationappearstobesingularly_____thecomfortsof

itsemployee,providinganemployeehealthclub,alendinglibrary,anda

part-timesocialworkertohelpstaffmemberswithfinancialordomestic

problems.

A.ignorantof

B.indifferentto

C.attentiveto

D.uninvolvedin

【答案】C

【解析】句意：看起來博物館的管理部門非常重視員工的舒適環(huán)境。他

們?yōu)閱T工提供了一處健身俱樂部、一所租賃圖書館和一位兼職人員幫助

他們解決財政或家中的問題。beattentiveto留意。be……ignorantof

對……一無所知。beindifferentto對……不關(guān)心。beuninvolvedin不參

與……。

9.Theomniscientnarratorstandsabovethestoryheistelling,_____his

knowledgeofwhatwilloccur.

A.disheartenedby

B.unlimitedin

C.ostracizedfor

D.vindicatedby

【答案】B

【解析】句意：全知敘述者處于整個故事之上，也因為他對將要發(fā)生事

件的了解而不受限制。beunlimitedin因……不受限制。bedisheartened

by為……感到喪氣。beostracizedfor因……被排斥。bevindicatedby

被……維護。

10.Wemustovercomehis_____socialchangeifwewishtowinhissupport

forthisinnovativeprogramofhomehealthcarefortheelderly.

A.tendencyto

B.endorsementof

C.antipathyto

D.respectfor

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我們想要在老年人家庭健康服務(wù)的創(chuàng)新計劃中獲得

他的支持，就必須克服他對社會變化的抵觸情緒。antipathyto對……的

反感。tendencyto對……的傾向。endorsementof對……的認可。respect

for對……的尊敬。

11.OnlyafterIfinishedreadingthisessaydiditdawnonmethatthewhole

storyaboutgrebe’sdietwasnota_____ofherimagination.

A.figment

B.fantasy

C.fabrication

D.figure

【答案】A

【解析】句意：讀完這篇文章我才恍然大悟，鸊鷉的飲食的故事不是她

憑空想象出來的。figment虛構(gòu)的事。fantasy幻想。fabrication捏造。

figure人物，數(shù)字。因此答案選A。

12.Cooperwasdelightedtolearnthataluminumisthemostplentifulmetal

intheearth’s_____.

A.surface

B.exterior

C.crust

D.core

【答案】C

【解析】庫珀很高興地了解到鋁是地殼中含量最豐富的金屬。earthcrust

地殼。

13.Adetectivestory_____intheAfricanjungleorAustralianbushappealto

ourinterestinremoteplaces.

A.setdown

B.set

C.setout

D.setto

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一本故事發(fā)生在非洲或澳洲叢林中的偵探小說能夠吸引

我們對于偏僻地區(qū)的興趣。set設(shè)置。setdown制定，寫下。setout出

發(fā)；擺出；陳述。setto開始做某事。

14.Theyoung,self-assuredprince_____poweruponthedeathoftheking.

A.assumed

B.consumed

C.resumed

D.presumed

【答案】A

【解析】句意：國王逝世后，那位年輕自信的王子掌管了大權(quán)。assume

power接過權(quán)力。

15.Thegoodnewsthathisbookwasatlastpublishedlefthimwitha_____

ofsatisfactioninhisheart.

A.blaze

B.scorch

C.flame

D.glow

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他的書終于成功出版的消息讓他心里得意洋洋。aglow

ofsatisfaction得意洋洋。

16.TheunfaircriticismleftNormanquite_____withanger.

A.spellbound

B.speechless

C.silent

D.mute

【答案】B

【解析】句意：不公的指責讓諾曼火冒三丈，甚至說不出話。

speechless（常因震驚而）說不出話的。spellbound對……入迷的。silent

沉默的。mute啞的，緘默的。

17.Thewriternotusedtospeakinginpublic,butwhentheopportunity

presenteditself,herosetothe_____.

A.chance

B.circumstance

C.event

D.occasion

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那位作家不常在公眾面前發(fā)言，但當機會出現(xiàn)時，他也

能應(yīng)對自如。risetotheoccasion應(yīng)付自如。

18.Thenewemployeewouldbemorepopularintheofficeifhedidn’ttryso

hardto_____himselfwiththeboss.

A.regard

B.identity

C.ingratiate

D.appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果那位新員工不那么賣力去迎合上級的話，他會在辦

公室里更受歡迎。ingratiate使……迎合，使……討好。regard注意；尊

重；問候。identity身份。appreciate感謝，欣賞。

19.TheU.S.Governmentmadeavery_____excuseforconductingthe

experimentwiththehydrogenbombintheSouthPacific.

A.feeble

B.faint

C.frail

D.fragile

【答案】A

【解析】句意：關(guān)于在南太平洋進行氫彈試驗的問題，美國政府給出的

理由十分脆弱。feeble虛弱的；站不住腳的。faint微弱的。frail脆弱的；

虛弱的。fragile脆弱的；易碎的。

20.Thetwinbrothersshowedgreat_____totheireldersister,whohadacted

assoleparenttothemsincetheirparentsdiedduringtheAmericanCivilWar.

A.allegiance

B.devotion

C.compliance

D.subjection

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那對雙胞胎兄弟非常愛他們的姐姐，他們的父母在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)

中去世后，是她在家中扮演了家長的角色。devotion熱愛，獻身。

compliance順從，服從。allegiance擁護，效忠。subjection絕對服從，隸

屬。

21.ThenovelUncleTom’sCabin,whicheffectively_____theunfairness

towardblackpeople,wasamajorinfluencein_____theanti-slavery

movement.

A.portrayed;strengthening

B.attacked;pacifying

C.glamorized;launching

D.exposed;condemning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：小說《湯姆叔叔的小屋》深刻地描繪了黑人所遭受的不

公，也極大地加強了廢奴運動的開展。portray描繪，描寫。attack攻

擊。glamorize美化。expose揭發(fā)，暴露。strengthen加強。pacify使……

平靜。launch發(fā)射，發(fā)起。condemn譴責。

22.Theopossumis_____thevenomofsnakesintherattlesnakesubfamily

andthusviewsthereptilesnotas_____enemiesbutasafoodsource.

A.vulnerableto;natural

B.consciousof;mortal

C.imperviousto;lethal

D.sensitiveto;deadly

【答案】C

【解析】句意：負鼠不受響尾蛇科的毒液影響，因此它們把爬行類看作

食物，而不是致命的敵人。vulnerable易受攻擊的。conscious神志清醒

的。impervious不受影響的。sensitive敏感的。natural自然的。mortal凡

人的；致死的。lethal致命的。deadly致命的。

23.Therewassomestagecraftbehindthesupposedly_____moments

photographedbyDoisneau;inalegaldisputelastyear,Doisneau_____that

hehadpaidtwomodelstoposeforhisfamousTheKissattheHoteldeVille.

A.innocent;disproved

B.candid;acknowledged

C.theatrical;regretted

D.affected;intimated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：事實上，那些本應(yīng)是由杜瓦諾偷拍下的照片中包含著一

些創(chuàng)作成分；在去年的一起法律糾紛中，杜瓦諾承認了自己曾雇傭兩名

模特拍攝名作《市政廳之吻》。candid公正的，坦白的；偷拍的。

acknowledge承認，認可。innocent無辜的，無罪的。theatrical戲劇性

的。affected受到影響的；做作的。disprove反駁。regret后悔，惋惜。

intimate暗示，通知。

24.ThebestEskimocarvingofallagesseemtopossessapowerfulabilityto

_____thegreatbarriersoflanguageandtimeandcommunicate_____with

us.

A.reachacross;directly

B.leapover;temporarily

C.riseabove;verbally

D.passthrough;infrequently

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那些歷史上最出色的愛斯基摩雕刻似乎有著強大的力

量，足以越過語言和時間的巨大隔閡，直接同我們溝通。reachacross和

leapover都有越過（障礙）的含義。riseabove指克服（困難）。pass

through穿過。temporarily暫時地。verbally口頭地。infrequently不頻繁

地。

25.T.S.Eliot,famousforhis_____,neverthelessacceptedposterity’s

interestinhislife,_____thathiscorrespondencewithhisladyfriends

eventuallywouldberead.

A.reticence;assuming

B.modesty;prohibiting

C.boastfulness;remembering

D.vanity;intimating

【答案】B

【解析】句意：T·S艾略特以他的謙遜而聞名，而他從沒有過生育后代的

打算，這是為了防止有朝一日有人讀到他和女性朋友間的通信。

modesty謙遜。reticence沉默寡言。boastfulness自負。vanity虛榮心。

assume猜測。intimate暗示；通知。

26.Rebuffedbyhiscolleagues,theinitially_____youngresearcherbecame

increasingly_____.

A.tedious;polished

B.outgoing;withdrawn

C.diligent;tolerant

D.boisterous;excitable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在被同事斷然拒絕后，這位最初性格外向的年輕研究員

變得越來越沉默寡言。outgoing外向的。withdrawn沉默寡言的；孤僻

的。tedious沉悶的。polished優(yōu)雅的，有教養(yǎng)的。diligent勤勞的。

tolerant寬容的。boisterous喧囂的；狂暴的。excitable易激動的。

27.Nowadayslifemodels—menandwomenwhoposeinthenudeforartists

—seemcuriously_____,relicsofabygoneagewhenartstudent_____

laboredamidskeletonsandanatomicalcharts,learningtodrawthehuman

bodyaspainstakinglyasmedicalstudentslearntoit.

A.daring;cure

B.stereotyped;diagnose

C.archaic;dissect

D.anachronistic;sketch

【答案】D

【解析】句意：現(xiàn)如今，美術(shù)生們都把骨架和解剖圖當做素描對象，像

醫(yī)科生一樣煞費苦心地學(xué)習(xí)如何繪制人體，而那些在藝術(shù)家面前裸露的

模特們似乎已經(jīng)脫離了時代。daring大膽的。cure治療。stereotyped千篇

一律的。diagnose診斷。archaic古代的；陳舊的。dissert論述。

anachronistic過時的；時代錯誤的。sketch畫素描。

28.LikeMachiavellibeforehim,HenryKissingerhasakeenappreciationfor

thehead-headed,even_____,useofpower,tothepointofadmiringsome

traitsinleaderswhowereotherwise_____.

A.cynical;benevolent

B.gentle;insignificant

C.resentful;charismatic

D.ruthless;detestable

【答案】D

【解析】句意：就像前人馬基雅弗利一樣，亨利·基辛格對領(lǐng)袖主導(dǎo)權(quán)力

的主張甚至到了無情的程度，他甚至欣賞著那些在其他方面被認為可憎

的領(lǐng)袖身上的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。ruthless無情的。detestable可憎的。cynical憤世

嫉俗的。benevolent仁慈的。gentle溫和的。insignificant不重要的。

resentful充滿忿恨的。charismatic有魅力的。

29.Itisrelieftoseepeoplewhocanbeinterestedintheartswithoutbeing

“arty”—collectorswhocollectfortheirown_____ratherthanfor_____.

A.delight;show

B.interest;pleasure

C.reputation;amusement

D.enjoyment;satisfaction

【答案】A

【解析】句意：看到那些對藝術(shù)感興趣而不是“附庸風(fēng)雅”的人們——為

自己的樂趣而不是為了展示去收藏作品的人，是一件令人欣慰的事。

delight高興。show展覽。interest利益，興趣。pleasure快樂。reputation

名聲。amusement消遣。enjoyment享受。satisfaction滿足。

30.Hewashabituallysodocileand_____thathisfriendscouldnot

understandhissudden_____hisemployers.

A.incorrigible;suspicionof

B.accommodating;outburstagainst

C.erratic;envyof

D.hasty;cordialitytoward

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他平時是一個溫順隨和的人，因此他的朋友們不能理解

為什么他對雇主突然發(fā)怒。accommodating隨和的。outburst（情感的）

爆發(fā)。incorrigible不可救藥的。suspicion懷疑。erratic不穩(wěn)定的。envy嫉

妒。hasty輕率的，匆忙的。cordiality熱誠，真摯。

31._____wasthepresidentwhentheUnitedStatesjoinedtheAlliedforce

againsttheAxisPowerduringtheWordWarII.

A.AbrahamLincoln

B.AndrewJackson

C.FranklinDelanoRoosevelt

D.TheodoreRoosevelt

【答案】C

【解析】在美國加入同盟國時，富蘭克林·羅斯福是時任美國總統(tǒng)。

32.U.S.presidentsnormallyservea(n)_____term.

A.two-year

B.four-year

C.six-year

D.eight-year

【答案】B

【解析】美國總統(tǒng)的任期通常為四年。

33.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisNOTlocatedintheNortheast,U.S.?

_____.

A.Houston

B.Boston

C.Baltimore

D.Philadelphia

【答案】A

【解析】休斯頓位于美國南部。

34.ThoseonboardoftheMayflowerweretheearlierBritishrulerswhobuilt

upthe_____Colony.

A.Pennsylvania

B.Virginia

C.Massachusetts

D.NorthCaronia

【答案】C

【解析】五月花號的移民者首先在馬薩諸塞州建立了殖民地。

35.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadof_____.

A.theShadowCabinet

B.theParliament

C.theOpposition

D.theCabinet

【答案】D

【解析】英國首相是內(nèi)閣的首腦。

36.CommonSensewrittenby_____playedaveryimportantroleinarousing

theawarenessoftheAmericancoloniststogetindependencefromtheBritish

governance.

A.ThomasJefferson

B.ThomasPaine

C.JohnJay

D.BenjaminFranklin

【答案】B

【解析】《常識》的作者是托馬斯·潘恩。

37._____isthestatechurchinEngland.

A.TheRomanCatholicChurch

B.TheBaptistChurch

C.TheProtestantChurch

D.TheChurchofEngland

【答案】D

【解析】英國國教是英國的國家教會。

38.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.

A.ThomasJefferson

B.ThomasPaine

C.JohnJay

D.BenjaminFranklin

【答案】A

【解析】通常認為托馬斯·杰斐遜是《獨立宣言》最主要的起草人。

39.TheMoriwerenativesof_____beforethearrivalofwhitesettlers.

A.Australia

B.NewZealand

C.Americas

D.SouthAfrica

【答案】B

【解析】在白人殖民者到達新西蘭之前，毛利人一直是新西蘭的原住

民。

40.TherearetheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesundertheCongressin

theUnitedStates,whileintheUnitedKingdom,thereare_____underthe

Parliament.

A.theLordsandHouseofCommons

B.theHouseofLordsandCommons

C.theLordsandCommons

D.theHouseofLordsandHouseofCommons

【答案】D

【解析】英國議會制度中分為上議院（HouseofLords）和下議院

（HouseofCommons）。

Ⅱ.Fillineachoftheblanks(30/150):

A.withanappropriateprepositionoraparticle(15)

(1)______thetimetheAmericancoloniststook(2)______arms(3)______

GreatBritaininordertosecuretheirindependence,theinstitutionofBlack

slaverywasdeeplyentrenched.Butthecontradictioninherent(4)______this

situationwas,(5)______many,asourceofconstantembarrassment.“It

alwaysappearedamostiniquitousscheme(6)______me,”AbigailAdams

wroteherhusbandin1774,“tofightourselvesforwhatwearedailyrobbing

andplundering(7)______thosewhohaveasgoodaright(8)______freedom

aswehave.”

ManyAmericans(9)______AbigailAdamswerestruck(10)______the

inconsistencyoftheirstand(11)______theWarofIndependence,andthey

werenotaverse(12)______makingmovestoemancipatetheslaves.Quakers

andotherreligiousgroupsorganizedantislaverysocieties,whilenumerous

individualsmanumittedtheirslaves.(13)______fact,(14)______several

yearsoftheendoftheWarofIndependence,mostoftheEasternstateshad

madeprovisions(15)______thegradualemancipationofslaves.

【答案與解析】

1.By

（bythetime在……時。）

2.up

（takeuparms拿起武器。）

3.against

（against在此處表示反抗某人或某物。）

4.in

（inherentin在……中存在。）

5.for

（formany在此處表示“對很多人來說”。）

6.to

（appearto似乎，好像。）

7.from

（plunderfrom從某處搶奪。）

8.to

（righttosth享有某物的權(quán)力。）

9.besides

（此處表示的是除阿比蓋爾·亞當斯之外的其他美國人，因此

填“besides”。）

10.by

（bestruckby被……觸動。）

11.during

（句意：除了阿比蓋爾，很多其他的美國人也收到了他們在獨立戰(zhàn)爭中

搖擺不定立場的影響。）

12.to

（beaverseto反對……）

13.In

（infact事實上。）

14.within

（withinseveralyears在幾年之內(nèi)。）

15.for

（句意：事實上，在獨立戰(zhàn)爭的最后幾年里，東部的大多數(shù)州都已經(jīng)為

奴隸的逐漸解放制定了相應(yīng)的規(guī)定。）

B.withanappropriateword

Twoofthemajor(16)______oftheworldareChristianityand(17)______.

Althoughseemingly(18)______,thetwofaiths(19)______several

fundamentalbeliefsandpractices.Bothworshipthesamedeity,whomthe

(20)______termGodandtheMuslimscall(21)______.Forknowledgeof

hisfaithandforinspiration,theChristian(22)______toitsholybook,the

(23)______.TheMuslin,(24)______,hasaholybook,theKoranwhich

guideshisprayersandgivesthemeaningtohis(25)______.TheTen

CommandmentsandSermonontheMountprovidea(26)______ofethics

forthelivesoftheChristians.(27)______,allMuslimssubscribetothe

HadithandtheFivePillarsofFaithfordaily(28)______.Suchbasic

(29)______incodeandconductillustratethesharedheritageof(30)______

andIslam.

【答案與解析】

16.religions

（根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可以看出本篇文章在對基督教和伊斯蘭教進行比較，

因此此處應(yīng)該是“religions”。）

17.Islam

（由“twoofthemajorreligions”可得出此處應(yīng)填I(lǐng)slam。）

18.different

（句意：盡管看起來不同，兩種信仰之間還是有幾處共同的基礎(chǔ)和行

為。）

19.share

（share在此處表示“共同擁有”。）

20.Christians

（句意：兩種宗教都信仰共同的神，基督教徒將其稱為上帝而穆斯林將

其稱為安拉。）

21.Allah

（Allah安拉。）

22.turns

（turnto尋求……的幫助。）

23.Bible

（根據(jù)前文“theChristianturnstoitsholybook”可以看出此處所指的是

《圣經(jīng)》。）

24.too

（句意：穆斯林同樣擁有一本神圣經(jīng)典。）

25.life

（句意：《古蘭經(jīng)》指引著信徒，并賦予他們?nèi)松囊饬x。）

26.code

（句意：十誡和山上寶訓(xùn)給了基督徒們道德上的戒律。）

27.Similarly

（句意：同樣地，所有的穆斯林都遵循圣訓(xùn)和五個支柱信仰，以作為日

常生活的指引。）

28.guidance

（同上一題。）

29.similarities

（句意：這些戒律和行為上的基本共同點體現(xiàn)了基督教和伊斯蘭教傳統(tǒng)

上的相似性。）

30.Christianity

（同上一題。）

Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingQuestions(10/150):

1.Whatarethedifferenceamongadjuncts,conjunctsanddisjuncts?Please

clarifythemwithexamples.(6)

【答案】

Anadjunctisapartofsentencewhichisdispensablebutalsocanadd

additionalinformationtothesentence.Forexample:Herunsonthestreet.

“onthestreet”isconsideredasadjunct.

Conjunctsareusedtoprovidelogicalrelationsbetweensentences.For

example:Hetriedveryhard.However,hestillfailedtheexam.“However”is

consideredasconjunct.

Disjunctsareusedtoindicatethespeaker’sorwriter’sattitudeordescriptive

statementofthepropositionalcontentofthesentence.Forexample:Luckily,

Iwasnotlateforschool.“Luckily”isconsideredasdisjunct.

2.Isthereanydifferencebetweencohesionandcoherence?Whatifany?(4)

【答案】

Cohesionandcoherencedohavedifferentmeanings.Cohesionreferstoall

grammaticalandlexicallinksbetweendifferentpartsoftexts;Coherence

referstotherelationbetweenmeaningsandsequencesofideas.

Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension:

PassageA

AsschoolstartsthisfallinTununak,atinyEskimocommunityonthe

windsweptcoastofAlaska,TeacherBenOrrisplanningtoinviteelderly

storytellerintotheclassroomsohisyoungstudentscanlearnandthenwrite

downtraditionallegendsandloreoftheirvanishingculture.ForDonna

Maxim’sthird-gradersinBoothbay,Me.,writingwillbecomeatoolin

scienceandsocialstudiesasstudentsrecordobservations,questionsand

reactionsaboutwhattheydiscovereachday.InEagleButte,S.D.,Geri

Gutweinhasdesignedawritingprojectinwhichherninth-gradestudents

exchangedletterswiththird-gradersaboutstoriestheyhavereadtogether.

ThisyearafewofherstudentswillsitwithCheyennewomenwhotelltales

astheyknittogether,theirheritagebecominggristfortoday’syoungwriters.

Althoughtheseteachersareseparatedbythousandsofmiles,theirmethodsof

tryingtoencouragechildrentowritespringfromacommonsource:the

BreadLoafSchoolofEnglish.There,nearVermont’sMiddleburyCollege,

gradeschoolandhighschoolteachersgiveuppartoftheirvacationseach

summertospendsixweeksbrainstorming,studyingandtradingexperiences

astheytrytodevisenewmethodsofgettingtheirpupilstowrite.SaysDixie

Goswami,aClemsonUniversityEnglishprofessorwhoheadsBreadLoaf’s

programinwriting:“Wehavenothingagainst‘skill-and-drill’writing

curricula,excepttheydon’twork.”Instead,BreadLoafgraduateshave

quietlycreatedoneofthenation’smostinventiveprogramstoencourage

studentwriters.

TheBreadLoafliteratureandwritingprogrambeganin1920asasummer

retreatwhereEnglishteachersstudiedforadvanceddegrees.Untilthelate

1970smostwereteachersfromeliteEasternprepschools.BreadLoaf“was

failinginitssocialresponsibility,”saysPaulCubeta,aMiddlebury

humanitiesprofessorwhohasdirectedtheprogramsince1965.“Sowewent

lookinginruralAmericaforpotentialeducationalleaders.”Foundationfunds

wereraisedtohelpdefraythe$2,500costsfortuitionandboard.Overthe

pasttenyearsnearly500ruralinstructorshavestudiedintheshadowofthe

distinctlyflattenedmountainthatgivestheschoolitsname.Thissummer73

cametoBreadLoaffromsmalltownsin32states.

BreadLoafersareconvincedthatchildrenareinspiredtowritewellwhen

theyhaveinformationtocommunicate.InGilbert,S.C.,forinstance,

studentsinterviewedold-timerstodiscoverwhatlifeintheirsmalltownswas

likemanydecadesago.Thestudents’narrativeaccounts,vividlydescribing

everythingfrombuttermakingtocourtshipandmarriage,werepublishedina

magazinetheynamedSparkleberry.ThissummeratGilbert’sFourthofJuly

PeachFestival,thehomemademagazinessoldlikehotcobblers.

ManyofthenewideasthatteacherstookawayfromBreadLoafseemedin

dangerofwitheringbackhome,remembersCubeta.“Weneededtodevisea

wayforthemtogobackwithsupportfortheirprojectsandforeachother.”

OneresultwasanideacalledBreadNet:bysettingupanetworkofword

processors,BreadLoaf-trainedteacherscouldinstantaneouslyconnecttheir

classrooms.Lastyeartheprojectliftedoffwhenacharitabletrustdonated

$1.5millionforthatandotherprograms.

ThenewnationalhookupprovidedevidenceforanotherBreadLoafbelief:

childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudience.Studentsinthetiny

ranchingcommunityofWilsall,Mont.,beganwritingtochildrenin

Pittsburghaboutlifeinwinter.“Cowsaren’tsmartenoughtopawthrough

thesnowlikehorses,soyouhavetofeedthem,”onechildexplained.A

SiouxstudentonareservationinSouthDakotawrotecandidlyaboutwhatis

happeningtoonebranchofthetribe:“LifefortheLakotapeopleisgoingina

downwarddirection…Tocontrolitwouldtakegreathumanpoweror

magic.”

Thisfall68teachersin33stateswillbeabletosendtheirstudents’writing

electronicallyintodistantclassrooms.Laterintheyear,thefourtheditionof

VoicesAcrosstheWires,astudent-editedcollectionofBreadNetwriting,

willbepublished.“Havingrealsituationstowriteabouthasreallychanged

theirattitude,”saysJoanneTulonen,whoseWilsallstudentswereamongthe

firsttouseBreadNet.“Before,theirwritingwasartificial.Nowtheysee

themselvesaspeoplewithinformationworthsharing.”

1.ThereasonwhytheschoolwasnamedBreadLoafis_____.

A.theschoolismadeupofagroupofidlepeople

B.theschool’sheadnameisBreadLoaf

C.theschoolliesinaflattenedmountain

D.theschoolwasnamedbynationalhookup

2.BreadLoafersareconvincedthat_____.

A.childrenwillbeinspiredwhentheyhaveinformationtocommunicate

B.childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudience

C.bothAandB

D.childrenwillbemorecreative

3.Whatkindofwayisdevisedforteacherstogobackwithsupportforeach

other?

A.Interviewold-timers.

B.SetupBreadNet.

C.Exchangelettersaboutstories.

D.Adopttheskill-and-drillproject.

4.TeacherstrainedinBreadLoafwillnot_____.

A.inviteelderstorytellerstoclassroom

B.havesummervacationinBreadLoafSchool

C.deviseinnovativewritingprogram

D.workagainstskillanddrill

5.ThewritingprojectdevisedbytheteachersinBreadLoafis_____tothe

students’writing.

A.effective

B.insipid

C.worthless

D.noneoftheabove

【答案與解析】

1.C根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句“overthepasttenyearsnearly500rural

instructorshavestudiedintheshadowofthedistinctlyflattenedmountain

thatgivestheschoolitsname.”可以看出學(xué)校因其所在的地點而得名。

2.C根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“BreadLoafersareconvincedthatchildrenare

inspiredtowritewellwhentheyhaveinformationtocommunicate.”和文章

倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Thenewnationalhookupprovidedevidenceforanother

BreadLoafbelief:childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudience.”可

以看出A和B選項都是正確的。

3.A根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“There…teachersgiveuppartoftheir

vacationseachsummertospendsixweeksbrainstorming,studyingand

tradingexperiencesastheytrytodevisenewmethodsofgettingtheirpupils

towrite.”可以看出這些老師相互支持的主要手段是交流過去的經(jīng)驗。

4.D根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Wehavenothingagainst‘skill-and-

drill’writingcurricula…”可以看出項目中的老師并不反對“技能與訓(xùn)

練”這一模式。

5.A根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話“Before,theirwritingwasartificial.

Nowtheyseethemselvesaspeoplewithinformationworthsharing.”可以看

出該項目對于學(xué)生寫作的態(tài)度有了很大的改善。

PassageB

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthe

landscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionofthe

globe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.The

columnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fed

torrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancy

theredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeir

environment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresa

temporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublic

war.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouse

isarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwith

battlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.complete.Everyvillagehas

itsdefense.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.The

numeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettle

withoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleft

unpaid.Forthepurposeofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionabout

harvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonorhasbeenestablishedandison

thewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanknewitandobserveditfaultlessly

mightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightest

technicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullof

interest,andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundant

water,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelaborthemodestmaterial

requirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifle

andtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing,

thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.Theconvenienceoftheriflewas

nowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhich

wouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvista

ofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactually

remaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbornearlyamileaway.

Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshit

ahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthe

troubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedfor

thesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndianto

reinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecoveted

weaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespect

whichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastly

enhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirely

unsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothe

southwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.Ifthe

Pathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(which

afterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequent

interferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiled

laboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesfor

anydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedthese

expeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.

Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherand

b