外國語入學(xué)考試試題專業(yè)英語語言文學(xué)科目綜合融會與研究

上海外2000年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試招生專業(yè)：英語上海外2000年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試招生專業(yè)：英語語言考試科目：英語綜合(三小時內(nèi)完成ClozeFillineachblankwithawordorphrasethatisgrammaticallyandsemanticallyPleasewriteyouranswersontheanswerActsofsabotageareveryimportant.Itisnecessarytodistinguish(1) sabotage,revolutionary-andhighlyeffectivemethodofwarfare,andterrorism,a(2) isgenerallyineffectiveandindiscriminateinitsresults,(3) itoftenmakesvictimsofinnocentpeopleanddestroysalargenumberoflivesthatwouldbevaluabletotherevolution.Terrorismshouldbeconsideredavaluabletactic(4) itisusedtoputtodeathsomenotedleaderoftheoppressingforceswellknownforhiscruelty,hisefficiencyinrepression,(5) anyotherqualitythatmakeshis(6) useful.(7) thekillingofpersonsofsmallimportanceisneveradvisable,(8) itbringsonanincreaseofreprisals,includingdeaths.Thereisonepointverymuchincontroversyinopinionsaboutterrorism.Manyconsiderthatitsuse,byprovokingpolicerepression,hinders(9)moreorlesslegalorsemi-clandestinecontactwiththemassesandmakesimpossibleunificationforactionsthatwillbenecessaryatacriticalmoment.Thisiscorrect;butit(10)happensthatinacivilwartherepressionbythegovernmentalpowerincertaintownsisalready-sogreatthat,infact,everytypeoflegalactionissuppressed ,andanyactionofthemassesthatisnotsupportedbyarmsis(12)..Itis necessarytobecircumspectinadoptingmethodsofthistypeandtoconsidertheconsequencesthattheymaybringfortherevolution.(14),well-managedsabotageisalwaysaveryeffectivearm,(15)itshouldnotbeemployedtoputmeansofproductionoutofaction,leavingasectorofthepopulationparalyzed(andthuswithoutwork)(16)thisparalysisaffectsthenormallifeofthesociety.Itisridiculoustocarryoutsabotageagainstasoftdrinkfactory,(17)itisabsolutelycorrectandadvisabletocarryoutsabotageagainstapowerplant.Inthe(18) case,acertainnumberofworkersareputoutajobbut(19)isdonetomodifytherhythmofindustriallife;butthisisentirelyjustifiedbytheparalysisofthelifeofthe(20).SentenceMatchingMatchasentenceintheleftcolumnwithoneintherightcolumn.Thesentencestobepairedupshouldbecoherentinmeaning.Pleasewriteyouranswersontheanswersheet.Innurseryloreaverseortradition,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainuntilthelittlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenofhisownTheotherproblemthatarisesfromtheemploymentofwomenisthatoftheworkingThe.maleinitiativeincourtshipisaprettyindiscriminateaffair,somethingthatistriedonwithanyremotelyplausiblewomanwhocomeswithinrangeand,ofcourse,withalldegreesofIntothishappyworldthenineteenthcentury,broughttwonewfacts:thebreech-loadingrifleandtheBritishGovernment.Astheembodimentofmajestyandearthlypower,LouiswasAustraliahasalsogivengreatattentiontorecruitingpeopleTheThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxintheAfricanscene.OnethinksoneknowshimThegovernment’savowedaim,however,istomaintain“asubstantiallyhomogeneoussocietyintowhichnewcomers,fromwhateversources,willmergethemselves”.TheformofattackofaguerrillaarmyisalsoThereareagoodman),objectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sByandlarge,therefore.AustraliastillprefersBritishmigrants,andtendstoberatherlessselectiveintheircasethanitiswithothers.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybeanythingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Ithastwoaspects;thatofthewifewhoismoreofasuccessthanherhusbandandthatofthewifewhomustrelyheavilyonherhusbandforhelpwithdomestictasks.TheFrenchweredelightedwithhim,andotherEuropeanpeopleswereWhatdecidestheissueofwhetheragenuinecourtshipisgoingtogetunderwayisthewoman’sresponse.Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutthem.G,Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.H.Theydecidedthatthecountryhadanexcellentpotentialsourceofapplicantsamongtheso-called“guessworkers”whohavecrossedtheirownfrontierstoworkinotherpartsofEurope.I.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,CeylonandIsrael.J.Startingwithsurpriseandfury,irresistible,itsuddenlyconvertsitselfintototalⅢSupplyingtheMissingPartsTherearetwopartsomittedinthisshortessay.Theycanbeeitheraparagraphorsentences.Supplythemissingpartssothatthewholeessayformsaunifiedwhole.PleasewritethemontheanswersheetThumbinga[themissingTofulfillthefirstrequirementyoumusthavesomemarktodistinguishyouatoncefromallotherhikers.Asoldier,forinstance,shouldwearhisuniform.Inaforeigncountryanunmistakableindicationofyourownnationalitywillalsoarrestadriver’sattention.Whenlhitchhiked9500milesacrosstheUnitedStatesandbackrecentlyIworeawell-tailoredsuit,abowlerhatandatrenchcoat,andcarriedapencil-thinrolledblackumbrella.MysuitcasewasdecoratedwithBritishflags.Havingplentyofluggage,moreover,Iwasnotlikelytobesuspectedofbeingadangerouslunatic.IthenhadtogetacrosstothedrivertheideathatIwasarealtraveller,andneededtogetsomewherecheaply.Butevenwithcarefulpreparation,youmustnotassumethatthetaskwillbeeasy.Youshouldbepreparedtowaitalittle,fortherearedriverswhoconfesstoafierceprejudiceagainst,nottosayhatredof,hitch-hikers,andwouldnomorepickupahikerthanmarchfromLondontoManchester.InAmerica,myaveragewaitwashalfanhour,andmylongesttwohours,butIhaveheardofpeoplewaitingallday;theypresumablytooklesspainstomakethemselvesconspicuous.[themissingpart]OnoneoccasionIfoundmyselfdrivingwithtwoboysofaboutnineteenwhoturnedouttobeontherunfromthepolice,andwerehopingtousemeasanalibi:Therearealsolesserrisks:youmayfindyourselfinthecarofareligiousfanatic,orjustabaddriver.Youcannottell,ofcourse,untilyouareinthecar.Butyousoonlearn.theartofthequickexcusethatgetsyououtIfthehitchhikerintheUSwillrememberthatheisseekingthekindnessofdriverstogivehimafreeride,andispreparedtogiveinexchangeentertainmentandcompany,insteadofgoingtosleep,hewillcomeacrosstheremarkable,almostlegendary,hospitalityoftheAmericanoftheWest.IfthehitchhikerintheUSwillrememberthatheisseekingthekindnessofdriverstogivehimafreeride,andispreparedtogiveinexchangeentertainmentandcompany,insteadofgoingtosleep,hewillcomeacrosstheremarkable,almostlegendary,hospitalityoftheAmericanoftheWest.Itwillalsohelpifhecandrive–IthinkthatIdrovemyselfabout4500ofthose9500milesIhitchhikedintheStates.IV.ReadingComprehensionThereareFOURpassageswithatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagescarefullyandthenchoosetheONEcorrectanswer.PleasewriteyouranswersonyouranswerAnactive-mindedwomanoftheearlynineteenthcenturywassometimesnotcontentconfineherinterestandlabourtoherhusbandandHersurplusenergiesfoundmosteasilyavailableandsociallyapprovedoutletinsomekindofcharitableandreligioussinceeveryoneassumedthatwomenaresoft-hearted,humane,andpious,withstrongAladycouldeasilyfindoutletsinsuchobviousactivitiesasdecoratingthestudy,carryingbasketstothepoor,sewingformissionaries,ortakingflowerstothesick.Onslightlymoreimpersonalbasis,shemightworkinoneofthemanyphilanthropicmovementstheShemightattendinspirationalmeetings,andhelptoraisefunds,asbyabazaar,suchgoodcausesasconsolingprisoners,helpingtheaged,orprovidingforsentimentalinterestseemedtogoto Alternatively,insteadofusinghersparetimealleviatingsuffering,theenergeticladymightharnessherenthusiasminsupportofoneofthecrusadesdesignedtoimprovesociety.WithwhatsubjectisthepassagemainlyWomenandthechurchinthenineteenthTherelationshipbetweenpovertyandAhistoricalperspectiveofActivitiesandinterestsof19%centuryAccordingtothepassage,whydidsomewomendevotemuchoftheirtimetoImpoverishedpeoplerequestedtheirTheywantedtobemorethanTheywerenotinterestedinTheirministerssoughttheirAccordingtothepassage,mostwomeninthenineteenthcentury,werethoughttopoorandangryandreligiousandtimidandWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthewomendescribedintheThey”werepoorandneededworktohelpsupporttheirTheyweremiddle-classandwerelookingformoneytopayforTheyhadenoughmoneyandgenerouslydonatedtheirtimeandTheywouldhavepreferredworkingfull-timetoalleviatingThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasgooddeedsperformedbywomentravellingabroadasambassadorsfortheirgivingsupportandgivingsupportandcomforttomakingministers’officesmorehelpingwomenwhosehusbandsTextAtbirth,theinfanthasonlythemostelementaryemotionallife.Newbornsshowanexpressionofdisgust,forexample,inresponsetostrongtastes,andshowsurpriseinreactiontosuddenchange.Theyalsoshowinterest,whichdevelopmentalpsychologistsconsideranemotioninitsownright.Bytenmonths,infantsdisplaythefullrangeofwhatareconsideredthebasicemotions:anger,sadness,disgust,surprise,andfear.Theemergenceofthebasicemotionsduringthefirstyearortwooflifeseemstobeprogrammedbyabiologicalclockforbraindevelopment.Astheappropriatebrainmaturationoccurs,thevariousemotionsappearinaninfant’sexample,studiesofbrainactivityinten-month-oldsshowthattherightfrontalregionsaremoreactiveduringpositiveemotions,andtheleftduringnegativeemotions.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheMeasuringInfantIntelligenceandBrainBrainMaturationandEmotionalGrowthinStimulatingtheDevelopmentinInfantPositiveandNegativeEmotionsinThephrase“initsownright”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoftheInInOntheotherInthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheanalogyofaclocktoemphasizewhichofthefollowinggeneralizationsaboutinfants’emotionalbehaviour?ItemergesIthasacomplexItdevelopswithpredictableItmaychangefromoneminutetotheWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutten-month-oldinfantsisbestsupportedbytheTheirvariousemotionalresponsesaredifficulttoTheiremotionalrangeiswiderthanthatofTheirbehaviourisaffectedonlybypositiveTheirbrainactivityisgreaterwhentheyareTheideasinthepassagearedividedintotwoparagraphsinordertoemotionaldevelopmentattwostagesoftwoareasofthebraininvolvedinemotionalthedevelopmentoftwoemotionsintwomethodsofmeasuringemotionalSOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“0SoleMio”;anutty,littlecomeroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“WhyNaples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who’?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears-iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork..Nepolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidaprofessionalNaples?“Sometimestheysay,‘SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomeGiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:‘Well,hereweareinNaples,’”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andthey.LovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelThisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,SwabiansAustrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,oldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheThetreasuresofPompeiigraceNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastofBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildandrichfolklore,NaplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandThemostresponsetothismagnificenceresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesandTodaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts,Untilfiveyearsagogovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyaAcholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout-itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay.“Incomprehensible”.“Martyred”.ThetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowNapleshasahighincidenceoftrafficanythingextraordinarycanhappeninpeopletherelovetostorefoodforeverythingappearstobeonthewrongThefollowingwordsareappropriatetodescribetrafficconditionsinNaplesItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthearecriticalofwhatNaplessympathizewithsharemanythingswithmakeeveryefforttoshunTheauthorimpliesthatNeopolitans’affectionforthewaswentabittoowasgaverisetoWhentheauthorsays“‘TodaythatremarkcarrieslessmeansthatthecitycannowboastveryfewartistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandthecityunderwentheavy,bombingduringtheThecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriousTextpoeticconnotations,”heLaymensuspectthatbecausecoldsareself-limiting,short,non-fatalinfections,doctorsdonottakethemveryseriously.NobodywillthinkthisafterreadingSirChristopherAndrewes’sbook.AnAmericansurveyhasshownthateachyeareveryemployedpersonlosesthreetofourworkingdaysfromcoldsandalliedcomplaints,andeveryschoolchildlosesfivetosixdaysofschooling.Coldswastemoretimethanstrikes.Theconquestofthecommoncoldisthereforeathoroughlyworthwhileambition.Until1961SirChristopherAndreweswasinchargeoftheMedicalResearchCommonColdResearchUnitatSalisbury,andhewritesasoneoftheworld’sexpertswhenhedescribesthepatience,thefrustrations,CommonColdResearchUnitatSalisbury,andhewritesasoneoftheworld’sexpertswhenhedescribesthepatience,thefrustrations,theingenuityandoccasionalflashesoftruescientificgeniuswhichhavecharacterizedthecareersoftheworkerswhohavesetouttotacklewhathasturnedouttobearealbruteofaproblem.Thegreatkillinginfectionslikesyphilisorpoliomyelitisareeachcausedbyonespecificmicro-organism,or,atworst,asmallgroupofcloselyrelatedparasites.Bycontrastithasslowlybecomeapparentthatthecommoncoldisnotadiseasebutalargegroupofsimilardiseases,causedpossibly,byanythingbetweenfiftyandonehundreddifferentorganisms.MuchofSirChristopher’sbookistakenupbyanaccountofthestruggletoidentify,germswhichdocauseAtfirstitwasthoughtthatbacteriawereresponsiblecertainbacteriaarecommonlyfoundinthenosesandthroatsofcoldvictims.Thefirstevidencethatavirusmightbeconcernedwasobtainedin1914whenDr.W.KruseoftheHygienicInstituteoftheUniversityofLeipzigtooksomeofthedischargefromthenoseofanassistantwithacoldinthehead,dilutedthedischargeinsaline,andthenpasseditthroughafilterwithporestootopermitthepassageofDropsofthefiltratewereputintothenosesoftwelvemembersofthestaffandfourofthemdevelopedcoldswithinadayorSincethattimethousandsofvolunteershavesubjectedthemselvestosimilarexperimentalinfections,andforearlytwentyyearsmostofsuchworkhasbeendoneatSalisburywheretheguineapigsarerewardedbyaten-dayholiday,allfound...This‘clumsy,expensiveandunreliable’useofhumanvolunteerswasnecessarybecauseforalongtimechimpanzeesweretheonlyotheranimalsandunrulyforroutineuse.Growingcoldvirusesinthelaboratoryalsoproveddifficultuntiloneofthemeninvolveddemonstratedhispossessionofthatmostpreciousscientificfaculty-serendipity.Coldviruseswerebeinggrownwithonlymoderatesuccessinlaboratoryculturesoflungtissuefromhumanembryos.Thelungtissuecultureswerekeptalivebyasaltsolutioncontainingaddedvitaminsandanumberofotheringredients.onedayatSalisburyDr.DavidTyrrellfoundthatthissaltsolutionwasfaulty,andinordertokeephistissueculturesgoinghehastilyborrowedasupplyfromanotherlaboratory.Whentheimportedsolutionwasaddedtotissueculturesinfectedwithcoldvirusesthelungtissuecellsbegantodegenerateinamannertypicaloftissuesparasitizedbyactiveviralparticles.Dr.TyrrellsoondiscoveredthattheborrowedfluidprovidedamoreacidmediuminhistubesthanthatproducedbythenativeSalisburybrew.Thenoseprovidesaslightlyacidenvironment,andDr.Tyreellrealizedthatadegreeofaciditywasjustwhatnose-virusesneededinordertothriveoutsidetheThusahappyaccidentenabledperspicaciousscientisttomodifythecoldvirusculturetechniqueandthenceforwardthewholeexerciseprovedfareasierandmoreprofitable....Muchofcommoncoldfolkloreisdemolished.Draughts,chillingandwetfeetdonotbringcoldsonsaysSirChristopher,andclean,healthylivingwithlotsoffreshair,plentyofexercise,good,plainfoodandacoldbathevery,morningmaybegoodforthesoulandthewaistline,butdoesnothingtokeepcoldvirusesatbay.Coldsarenotveryinfectious(whichwillsurprisemostofus),sothereisreallynoexcusestayingawayfromworkwhenyouhaveone.Alltheremediessofarinventedhaveonethingincommon-theyareuseless.Intemperatecountries,coldsarecommonerduringthewinter,butthe‘winterfactor’isthe‘winterfactor’iswhichbringsthemonremainsunknown.Mostofusharbourcoldvirusesinournosesthroughouttheyear,andmanycoldsareprobablynot‘caught’atall,butstartbecausesomehowtheresidentvirusesbecomeactivatedfromtimetotime.Towriteabookaboutcoldsatthisstage,saysSirChristopher,isratherlikewritingareviewofaplayinthemiddleofthefirstact.Sincehewrotethosewords,workersatSalisburyhavetheproductionofthefirstcoldvaccinewhichwillprotectagainstinfectionbyoneparticularvirus.Unfortunatelythereareverymanycoldvirusesandcompleteimmunityfromcoldsvaccinationwouldrequiretheadministrationofaseparatevaccineforeveryvirusinthebook.Themainreasonwhythecommoncoldisdifficulttodealwithisthatismorecommoninwinterthaninwastesmoretimethanisreallyfiftytoonehundreddifferentisnotlikelytoattackmanytypesofanimal.l7.ThepreventionofallcoldsisveryOnecandeducefromthepassagethatcoldsnotgivenenoughattentionbymorefrequentinAmericathaninduetolikelytoattackonlyvery.fewtypesofThepassagestressesthatDr.TyrrelldiscoveredhowpreventcoldsinmostcreatecoldsartificiallymoreprovethatdraughtsandwetfeetdonotpreventshowthatcoldsarenotveryThepassageassumesthatcoldspresentexactlythesameproblemGermany,AmericaandhotandtemperatewinterandchildrenandV.WritingWriteacompositionofabout500words,statinghowfaragreetothe“Historyislittlemorethanaregisterofthecrimes,folliesandmisfortunesofmankind”.Pleasewriteyourcompositionontheanswersheet.VI.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedstatementorquestionfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheoneyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechosenontheanswersheet.(6%)1.Englandoccupiesthesouthernportion A.GreatC.theBritishB.D.theUnited2.Amongthefivelakes, A.GreatC.theBritishB.D.theUnited2.Amongthefivelakes, isthelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindintheA.LakeC.LakeB.LakeD.Lake3.AftertheCelts, wasthefirstinvasionofEnglandbyA.theAnglo-C.B.theD.4.Themostdensely-populatedregionintheU.S.is oftheA.thenortheasternC.theGulfofB.theGreatLakes’D.thePacific5.ThenucleusoftheBritishGovernment A.theC.theHouseofB.theHouseofD.the6. isheadoftheexecutivebranchintheA.TheC.ChiefB.TheD.TheVII.Answerthe Whatdoyouknowaboutthebeatgenerationin參考答上海外英語綜11clearly2measure3since4when5or6elimination7but8since910also11already12impossible13therefore14atanyrate15thoug