廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)2019-2021年三年中考一模英語(yǔ)試卷分類匯編：閱讀理解

廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)

2019-2021年三年中考一模英語(yǔ)試卷分類匯編

閱讀理解

2021年廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)九年級(jí)中考一模英語(yǔ)試題

第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共15小題:每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從26-40各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡

上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

（A）

Itwas3:21a.m.whennine-yearoldTomawoketothesmellofburning.Exceptforthe

cracking（爆裂聲）offiresomewherebelowtherewasnotasoundinthetwo-storeyhouse.

Withhisfatherawayonnighdutyatalocalfactory,Tomwaswoniedaboutthesafetyofhis

mother,hissisterKaren.14andhis12-year-oldbrotherTold.Herandownstairsthroughthesafety

ofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,lyingon

thegrass.

Thenine-year-oldboyranbackintothehouseandupstairstohismother'sroom.Hefoundit

wasimpossibletowakeherup.Hismother,breathingintoomuchsmoke,wasunconscioiis.and

therewasnobodytohelpTomcarryhertathegarden.Buttheboystayedcalmand,asafireman

saidlater,"actedwithalltheself-controlofatrainedadult.”

Onthebedroomtelephone,luckilystillworking.Tomcalledhisfatherand.leavinghisfather

totelephonethefiremenandambulanceservice,gotonsavinghismother.

First,hefilledabucketwithwaterfromthebathroomandthrewwateroverhismotherand

herbed.Then,withawetclotharoundhisheadhewentbacktothegarden.

Hecouldhearthefireenginecomingup.buthowwouldthefiremenfindhismotherinthe

smoke-filledhousewherefirehadalmostswallowedupthegroundfloor?

Gettingaballofstring（線）fromthegarage,Tomranbackintothehouseandrushedupstairs

tohismother'sroom.Tyingoneendofthestringtoherhand,heranback,layingoutthestringas

hewent,throughthehallandbackoutintothegarden.

Minuteslater,hewastellingfirechiefJohn,“Thestringwillleadyoutomother.^^Hismother

wascarriedtosafetyasthefirewerebreakingthroughherbedroomfloor.

26.WhydidTomrundownstairsfirst?

A.Hewantedtosavehissisterandbrother.

B.Hewasworriedabouthismother'ssafety.

C.Hewantedtofindoutwhatwashappening.

D.Hewenttoseeifhisfatherhadcomebackfromwork.

27.Theunderlinedword“unconscious“inParagraph3means.

A.fearlessB.surprisedC.senselessD.frightened

28.WhatisthecorrectorderofTom'saction?

a.Hetiedthestringtohermother'shand.

b.Hehelpedhissisterandbrothertoasafeplace.

c.Hemadeaphonecalltohisfather.

d.Hesmelledsomethingunusual.

e.Hepouredsomewateroverhismother.

A.b-d-c-a-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.c-d-b-a-eD.b-d-c-e-a

29.Fromthepassage,weknowthat.

A.Tomlearnedsomethingaboutfirstaid

B.Tomfollowedhismother'sinstructions

C.Tom'sfathertaughthimtodosoonthephone

D.Tomdealtwiththeemergencycalmlyandwisely

(B)

Manywayshavebeentakentofightfoodwaste,butoneyoungmanismakingabig

differencewithtechnology.

LiuJichen,23,astudentfromTsinghuaUniversity,hasdevelopedaWeChatmini-program

called"ClearYourPlate”.Afterameal,userscanopentheminiprogramandtakeapictureof

theiremptyplates.OncetheimageisrecognizedbytheAI,studentscancollectpointsanduse

themtobuygiftsorbuymealsforchildreninpoorareas.

Liuandhisteam,togetherwithotherorganizations,beganthe"ClearYourPlate”campaign

(行:動(dòng))inNovemberforthethirdyear.Ithassweptover1.017universitiesacrossthecountry.

Theone-monthcampaignattractedalmost1.6millionstudentsandsomeotherpeopleand

collectivelyreducedfoodwasteby862tonsandcarbonemissions（碳排放）by3,337tons,the

ChinaYouthDailyreported.

Theideatodevelopsuchamini-programcamefromLiu'sexperienceinacanteen.In2017,

hefoundthatarestaurantwouldgivedinerswhofinishedofftheirfoodacardandoffersmall

giftsafteracertainnumberofcardshadbeencollected.

"Technologicalinnovation（倉(cāng)U新）isagoodwaytoreducefoodwaste,“Liuthought.He

organizedateamof20memberstoworkontheprojectattheendof2017.TosolvetheAl's

problemofidentifyingphotosofemptyplates,theteamspenthalfayearcollectingover10,000

samplesincanteensandrestaurants.In2018.themini-programwasofficiallyputintooperation

onOctober16,WorldFoodDay.Theythenbeganacampaignlaterthatyear.

“Wehopeoureffortscanstartanewtrendamongtheyoungpeoplebyencouragingthemto

valuetheirfoodanddevelopthehabitofsaving/9Liusaid."Throughthecampaign,wehopeto

encourageeveryonetotakeactionagainstfoodwasteandtocontribute（作貢獻(xiàn)）Chinesewisdom

andsolutionstoworldfoodsecuritychallenges.^^headded.

30.Whyisthemini-programsopopularamongthestudents?

A.Studentscangetsomethinginreturn.

B.Studentscantakepicturesafterameal.

C.Themini-programcanrecognizethestudents9images.

D.Themini-programprovidesthestudentswithsomemeals.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph3referto?

A.TsinghuaUniversityB.thetechnology

C.theorganizationD.the“ClearYourPlate^^campaign

32.HowdidLiuhavetheideatodevelopsuchamini-program?

A.Hegotitfromsomephotos.B.HegotitfromTheChinaYouthDaily.

C.Helearneditfromarestaurant.D.HelearneditfromTsinghuaUniversity.

33.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Liuhopestodevelopthemini-program.

B.Liuworriesabouttheworld'sfoodsecurityproblems.

C.Liuhashelpedyoungpeopleform,thehabitofsavingfood.

D.Liuisgladthateveryonehastakenactionagainstfoodwaste.

（C）

Now,citieslargeandsmalloftenhaveremainsofearlierhistoricstreetsandsidewalk

pavements（人行道）.Yettheyoftengounprotectedevenwhentheymaybeolderthanneighboring

historicbuildingsthathaveenjoyedprotectionfortensoryears.

Therearemanyreasonstoprotecthistoricpavements-culturevalue,economics,

environmentalbenefitsandpublicsafety.Pavementsplayedanimportantpartinthe

modernizationofcityenvironmentsinthe19thcentury.

Beforethelyingofpavement,streetsofdirtcausedmanyproblemstopeople,especiallyin

wetweatherwhentheybecamemuddy,whichbroughtmuchtroubletopeople'slife.

Tosolvetheproblem,citiesexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofmaterialstobalance

durability（耐用性）economics,sourcesofmaterialsandnoiseconsiderations.

Theearliestpavementsinmanycriticsweremadeofroundedstones.Theywerecheapand

durable,butroughandnoisy.Loosestonepavementswerecheapandsmooth,butnotverydurable.

Woodalsoappearedinthe1850sasapopularchoice-smooth,quietandaffordable,butnotvery

durable.

Inmanycriticsandtowns,brick（磚）streetsaretheonlyhistoricpavementsthathave

survived.Thisfactcoversupthetruthofpavementexperimentationbetweenthe1850sand1920s,

whenacitycoulduseuptoadozendifferentpavingmaterialsatthesametime!Indeed,eachcity

developeddaunique（獨(dú)特的）“pavementidentify^^inthematerialschosenandthewaytheywere

laid.

Itiseasytothinkofthepastwhenseeinghistoricpavements,asrecalling“oldworld”city

qualities.However,theyaremoresimilartotheearlyhighbuildingsandparks-importantcity

featuresthatshowedthemodernizationofthecity.AIatimewhencitiesarebecoming

increasinglysimilar,suchpavementsalsohelpdefineanimportantsenseofplace,

34.Whatisthepresentsituationofhistoricpavements?

A.Beinghighlyvaluedasculturalbuildings.

B.Failingtorepresentmodemenvironments.

C.Beingbroughtbacktoitsformerglory（輝煌）.

D.Failingtoreceiveprotectiontheyshouldget.

35.Whywasthefirstpavementbuiltinhistory?

A.Tohelpdevelopthelocaleconomy.

B.Tobringconveniencetopeople'slife.

C.Todevelopaunique“pavementidentity^^.

D.Topreventearthfrombeingwashedaway.

36.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraphs4-6?

A.Differentexperimentsoncityidentity.

B.Popularityofdifferentpavingmaterials.

C.Developmentofpavementsofdifferentmaterials.

D.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofstonepavements.

37.Whafsthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toprotectthehistoricpavements.

B.Totellwaysofbuildingpavements.

C.Toshowthemonetizationofthecity.

D.Tointroducethehistoryofthepavements.

(D)

FoodFestivalsaroundtheworld

StiltonCheeseRolling

MayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2.000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmust

betheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour,

dressedinstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollacompletecheesealonga50-mtrecourse.Ontheway,

theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheircompetitors5lane(跑道).Thefirstprize

isacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythe

cheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).

FieryFoodsFestival—TheHottestFestivalonEarth

Everyyearmorethan10.000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.They

comefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareacommon

addiction-foodthatisnotjustspicy,buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthbum,yourheadspinand

youreyeswater.TheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalisheldoveraperiodofthreedaysevery

March.Youmightliketotryachocolate-coveredhabaneropepper-thehottestpepperinthe

world-oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonething'sforsure—ifyou

don'tlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisn'tforyou!

LaTomatina--TheWorld'sBiggestFoodFight

OnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBunolhostsLaTomatina--the

world'slargestfoodfight.Aweek-longcelebrationleadsuptoanexcitingtomatobattleasthe

highlightoftheweek'sevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoes-

officialfight-startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.Thebattlelastslittlemore

thanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50,000kilogramsoftomatoeshavebeenthrownatanyone

oranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.

38.IntheStiltoncheeserollingcompetition,competitorsoneachteammust.

A.kickorthrowtheircheese

B.rollawoodencheeseintheirownlane

C.weardifferentkindsofformalclothes

D.use3realcheeseweighingaboutfourkilos

39.HowlongdoesthecelebrationofLaTomatinalast?

A.Sevendays.B.Threedays.

C.Twoweeks.D.Morethanhalfanhour.

40.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.LaTomatinatakesplaceatthebeginningofAugusteveryyear.

B.More由an10,000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

C.ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.

D.ThefirstprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingcompetitionis22-kiloStiltoncheese.

答案：

26-29:ACD30-33:ADCB34-37:DBCA38-40:BAC

2020年廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)初中學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（一模）英語(yǔ)試題

第一節(jié)閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

（A）

In1992,ZhangBaoyanandherhusbandQinYanyouexperiencedtheanxietyafterlosingtheir

sonforhoursbyaccident.Fromthenon,thecouplestartedtopayattentiontomissingchildrenand

triedtheirbesttoofferhelptothem.Theysetupawebsite一一tohelp

parentsfindtheirmissingchildrenforfree.Inordertorunitwell,Zhanggaveupherjoband

becameafull-timevolunteer.Shetalkedonthephoneforhoursadayandpaidupto2,000yuana

month.Thecouplehadtravelledfromsouthtonorth,rushedtorescuethemissingchildren.In2009,

Zhang's''SuggestionsonbuildingaDNAdatabasetofightagainstchildtrafficking（三￡法交易）”

wereacceptedbytheMinistryofPublicSecurity,whichprovidesstrongtechnicalsupportfor

helpingmissingchildrenaccuratelyfindtheirrelatives.Since2007,"BabyGoHome"hasbeen

growingfast,ithasbecomeabackbonetolightthebabyhomeroad.Atpresent,BabyGoHomeis

theonlynationalsearchwebsitecooperatingwiththeanti-traffickingofficeoftheMinistryof

PublicSecurity.UptoNovember2019,BabyGoHomehashelpedmorethan3,000missing

childrenfindtheirrelatives.

WhenZhangturnsonhercomputereveryday,sheisgreetedbymorethan200workgroups

anddiscussiongroupsatBabyGoHome.Thechildrenwhoneedhelpmayfindtheirwayhomein

thisway.Volunteersplayamajorroleinsearchingchildren.Theydownloadanduploadthe

informationontheplatformofHBabyGoHomeSearchNetwork"tomatchpossiblefamiliesand

children,andcarryoutthesearchworkinascientificandefficientway.Atthebeginning,therewere

onlyafewvolunteers,butnowtherearemorethan300,000volunteersalloverthecountry.

MIdon'twantBabyGoHometogetbiggerandbigger.Iwantthewebsitetogetsmallerand

smaller.Myfinalgoalisnochildtrafficking,"saidZhang.

26.ZhangBaoyanandherhusbandbuiltupthewebsiteto.

A.helptolookfortheirchild

B.offerhelptothosewholostchildren

C.earnsomemoneyafterZhangquitherjob

D.providestrongtechnicalsupportforchildrentofindtheirrelatives

27.Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.thewebsiteB.theanxietyC.thesuggestionD.herjob

28.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Zhangcouldn'tfindhersonatlast.

B.Moreandmorepeoplejointheorganization.

C.Withthehelpoftheorganization,nochildismissingnow.

D.About300,000missingchildrenfindtheirrelativesuntilNovember2019.

29.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat.

A.ZhangwantedtostopthewebsiteB.thewebsitefacedgreatdifficulties

C.ZhanghopedfewerchildrengetmissingD.fewerandfewerchildrengetmissing

now

30.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.WhyaDNAdatabasewasbuilt.

B.Whysomanychildrengetmissing.

C.Howthemissingchildrenfindtheirrelatives.

D.WhatZhangandthevolunteersdidforthemissingchildren.

［答案】26.B27.A28.B29.C30.D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了張寶艷夫婦建立了“寶貝回家”網(wǎng)站，旨在幫助失蹤兒童找到

自己的親人?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有越來(lái)越多的志愿者加入這個(gè)行列，幫助了眾多家庭。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theysetupawebsite——tohelpparentsfind

theirmissingchildrenforfree”可知，張寶艷夫婦開設(shè)“寶貝回家”的目的是為了幫助丟失孩子

的父母尋找孩子。故選B。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Theysetupawebsite—...Inordertorunitwell''

可知，劃線部分的it指代的是前文中提到的“寶貝回家”網(wǎng)站。故選A。

【28題詳解】

名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Althebeginning,therewereonlyafewvolunteers,butnowthereare

morethan300,000volunteersalloverthecountry.”可知，有越來(lái)越多的人加入到"寶貝回家”這

個(gè)組織。故選B。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Myfinalgoalisnochildtrafficking”可知，張寶艷希望丟失、被

拐賣的孩子會(huì)越來(lái)越少。故選C。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了張寶艷和眾多志愿者為失蹤兒童尋找親人

所做的努力，他們已經(jīng)幫助若干家庭重獲團(tuán)圓。故選D。

【點(diǎn)睛】

(B)

ThebookCompendiumofMateriaMedica,whoseauthorcalledLiShizhen,washighly

praisedbyDarwinastheencyclopediaofancientChina.

Bornintoamedicalfamily,Libegantoreadsomemedicalclassics,andsometimeswent

togetherwithhisfathertreatingdiseaseswhenhewasachild.Butatthattime,peoplelookeddown

upondoctors,sohisfatherdidn'thopethesonwouldtakemedicineashiscareer,andaskedhimto

taketheroadofimperialexaminations(科舉).Forthatpurpose,hetookGuRiyanashisteacher,

whohadalotofbooksinhishomesothatLihadachancetoreadmanyrareclassics.

Attheageof17,20and23,hewenttotakethecountryexamination,butfailedeachtime.Then

hegaveuptheimperialexaminationandfollowedhisfathertoleammedicine.Henotonlytookin

experiencefromothersinmedicaltreatmentbutalsoshowedgreattalentsincreativity.Liwas

highlypraisedforhissympathyfbrthepatientsandfinestmedicalskillsinjustafewyears.

Especially,withhiscuringofastrangediseasecalled“Wormaddiction'1,hewastitled

“Fengcizheng”andthenemployedas"Yuanpan".However,hewasnotinterestedinit,andleftafter

workingonlyfbralittlemorethanoneyear.

Inhismedicalpractice,Lifoundmanymistakesinthebooksofmedicines.Feelingitwasa

greatproblem,hedecidedtowriteanewbookonmedicinesalloveragain.Fromtheageof34,he

startedthisproject.Inadditiontosumming-upofearlierpeople'sexperienceandachievement,he

alsolearnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandotherlaboringpeople.Heplantedsome

medicalherbshimself,triedthemonhisownbody,soastogettherightknowledgeofthem.

Through27years1hardefforts,hecompletedhisgreatwork,CompendiumofMateriaMedica,athis

ageof60,atlast.

31.Whydidn'tLitakedoctorashiscareerathisyoungage?

A.Becausehepassedimperialexaminations.

B.Becausehewantedtowritehisfamousbook.

C.Becausedoctorscouldn'tearnalotofmoney.

D.Becausedoctorswerenotrespectedbypeople.

32.Howmanytimedidhetakethecountryexamination?

A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

33.WhatistrueaboutthebookCompendiumofMateriaMedica?

A.Itwaswrittentoshowhisgreatabilityincreativity.

B.ItwaswrittenastheencyclopediaofancientChina.

C.ItwasthefirstmedicinebookeverwritteninMingDynasty.

D.Itwaswrittenaftermanyvisitstopeopleandtestofthemedicine.

34.InwhatorderdidthefollowingeventtakeplaceaboutLi?

a.Hegaveuptheimperialexamination.

b.Helearnedfromallkindsoflaboringpeople.

c.Hereadmanybooksinhisteachefshome.

d.Hegaveupworkingas"Yuanpan'*.

e.Hemadeuphismindtowriteanewbook.

A.c-a-d-e-bB.c-a-d-b-eC.d-c-a-b-eD.

d-a-c-e-b

35.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiShizhen?

A.Talentedandinteresting.B.Skilledbutimpatient.

C.Braveandhardworking.D.Kindbutuneducated.

【答案】31.D32.B33.D34.A35.C

【解析】

文章是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述了李時(shí)珍是在怎樣的生活環(huán)境中創(chuàng)作出《本草綱目》的。

[31題詳解】

名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butatthattime,peoplelookeddownupondoctors,sohisfatherdidn't

hopethesonwouldtakemedicineashiscareer,andaskedhimtotaketheroadofimperial

examinations(科舉).”可知在李時(shí)珍的時(shí)代，醫(yī)者被人看不起，所以他走科舉之路。故選D。

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Attheageof17,20and23,hewenttotakethecountryexamination,but

failedeachtime.”可知李時(shí)珍在17、20和23歲時(shí)都參加了科舉考試，共計(jì)3次，但都失敗了。

故選B

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“healsolearnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandother

laboringpeople.Heplantedsomemedicalherbshimself,triedthemonhisownbody,soastogetthe

rightknowledgeofthem.”可知李時(shí)珍是在拜訪勞動(dòng)人民以及親自測(cè)試藥物后才寫醫(yī)術(shù)的。故

選D。

【34題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Forthatpurpose,hetookGuRiyanashisteacher,whohada

lotofbooksinhishomesothatLihadachancetoreadmanyrareclassics.”可矢LI他在老師家讀了

很多書；根據(jù)第三段“Thenhegaveuptheimperialexamination”可知他放棄了科舉考試；根據(jù)

第三段后部分“thenemployedas“Yuanpan”.However,hewasnotinterestedinit,andleftafter

workingonlyforalittlemorethanoneyear.”可知他被聘為“院判”，但他只做了一年就放棄了；

根據(jù)最后——段第——句"Inhismedicalpractice,Lifoundmanymistakesinthebooksofmedicines.

Feelingitwasagreatproblem,hedecidedtowriteanewbookonmedicinesalloveragain.“可知

因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)存藥書中的錯(cuò)誤，他決定再次寫一本關(guān)于藥物的新書。根據(jù)最后一段“healso

learnedwidelyfrommedicalfarmers,fishermenandotherlaboringpeople.”可知為了寫書，他向

勞動(dòng)人民請(qǐng)教。因此，他先是打算科舉，在老師家讀書(c)；然后科舉考試多次失敗進(jìn)而放

棄讀書(a)；之后學(xué)醫(yī)被聘為院判但是不久后放棄(d)；再后來(lái)因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)術(shù)錯(cuò)誤決定自己

編寫(e)；最后為了寫書向勞動(dòng)人民請(qǐng)教(b)。順序?yàn)閏?a?d?e?b。故選A。

[35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Through27years*hardefforts,hecompletedhisgreatwork,

CompendiumofMateriaMedica,athisageof60,atlast.”可知李時(shí)珍經(jīng)過(guò)27年的艱苦努力，終

于在60歲的時(shí)候完成了他的偉大著作《本草綱目》。由此推知他勇敢而努力。故選C。

In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplace

ortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies（物種）mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in

1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescauseda

terriblefamine（饑荒）.Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,but

onamuchwiderarea.

Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.

However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.Tofeedthesevenbillion

peopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesof

animalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.

InthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:nowfewerthan100are

grownthere.InChina,90%ofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.

Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,morethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarieties

disappeared.

Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseedsasmanydifferentplantvarietiesas

wecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.In

the1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontinents.Morerecently,others

arecontinuingtheworkhebegan.

IntheUSstateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,likethe

seedshergreat-grandfatherbroughttotheUSfromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.She

andherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.

Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds,theyplantthem.By

doingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.

Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfood

solutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.

36.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.

B.Theneedtoprotectpotatoesfromdisappearing.

C.Thewaystoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.

D.Thewaystopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.

37.Theunderlinedword''solely"inParagraph1isinclosestmeaningto.

A.usuallyB.onlyC.rarelyD.

occasionally

38.Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?

A.Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.

B.Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.

C.Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.

D.Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.

39.NikolayVavilovwasthefirstpersonwho.

A.storedandplantedseedsB.realizedtheseriousproblem

C.suggestedcollectingplantseedsD.worriedafaminecouldhappenagain

40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.

B.Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.

C.HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheUSforpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.

D.Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplantvarietiesformorethan150years.

［答案】36.D37.B38.A39.C40.A

【解析】

本文介紹了如何防止食物種類的消失。文章介紹了一個(gè)物種的死亡可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一場(chǎng)可怕的饑

荒（愛(ài)爾蘭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的塊莖馬鈴薯植株的滅絕）。文章提到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，農(nóng)民們發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)千種

不同種類的糧食作物。但是在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，世界上一半以上的食物品種已經(jīng)消失。解

決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)辦法是盡可能多地收集和儲(chǔ)存種子，以免它們消失?；诖嗣绹?guó)愛(ài)荷華州

的黛安?奧特?惠利（DianeOtt-Whealy）和丈夫創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)名為傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的地方，人們可以在

那里儲(chǔ)存和交易種子。這樣就會(huì)防止食物種類的消失了。

【36題詳解】

主旨大意題o根據(jù)第三段“Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,wehaveallowedmorethan

halfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiestodisappear."以及第四段“Onesolutiontothisproblemisto

collectandstoretheseeds（種子）asmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.''

可知在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，世界上一半以上的食物品種消失。解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)辦法是盡

可能多地收集和儲(chǔ)存種子（種子），以免它們消失?？梢酝浦@篇文章主要講如何防止食物

種類的消失。故選D。

【37題詳解】

詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段"ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatofor

food.”可知但是在1845年的愛(ài)爾蘭，人們幾乎完全依靠馬鈴薯作為食物。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)單一性。

故選B。

【38題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonly

speciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.”可知大多數(shù)農(nóng)民只種植植物品種，

只養(yǎng)殖易于大量繁殖的動(dòng)物品種。而科學(xué)家擔(dān)心這樣的饑荒會(huì)再次發(fā)生是因?yàn)槿藗円蕾嚹承?/p>

種類的糧食作物。故選A。

【39題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseedsas

manydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.Theideawasfirstsuggestedby

RussianscientistNikolayVavilov.”可知盡可能多地收集和存儲(chǔ)種子這個(gè)想法最初是由俄羅斯

科學(xué)家尼古拉?瓦維洛夫提出的。故選C。

【40題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckthefarmsofIreland,killingallthe

Lumperpotatoplants.”可知1845年，一種致命的疾病襲擊了愛(ài)爾蘭的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，殺死了所有的塊

莖馬鈴薯植株。事實(shí)上，這是一個(gè)物種的死亡導(dǎo)致了一場(chǎng)可怕的饑荒，可能會(huì)給愛(ài)爾蘭造成

數(shù)千人的死亡。所以A正確。故選A。

（D）

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