物流管理英文

CourseAdministrationTextbookBallou,RonaldH.,BusinessLogisticsManagement:Planning,Organizing,andcontrollingtheSupplychain,FifthEdition,PrenticeHall.ReferencesLambert,D,J.StockandEllram,Fundamentalsoflogisticsmanagement,McGrawHillinternationaleditions.Coyle,J.,E.BardiandC.LangleyJr.,Themanagementofbusinesslogistics:asupplychainperspective,7e,Thomsonlearning.第一頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:askiwearmakerRetailseasonfromSeptoDecOver95%oftheproductsarenewdesignseachyearRetailstoresarelocatedinNorthAmericamostouterwear(parkas,pants,suits,shells,andjackets)areproducedinAsiaEachstylecomesinseveralcolorsandthereareseveralstyle/colorsintotalWhatneedstobedoneinordertomakeasale?第三頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。第四頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:Boeing787第五頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:Boeing787ThedesignofBoeing787wasfinishedinfourcountriesasUSA,Japan,Italian,andRussia.IntheprojectofBoeing787,morethan4millionpartswillbeproducedinmorethan40countries.Boeingonlyproducedlessthen10%partinthisproject.Andhewillassemblethepartsinhisownmanufactory.第六頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:Boeing787WingJapanBodyItalianUndercarriageFranceRudderChinaWingJapan第七頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:ThehubofFedExMemphis第八頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。LouisvilleExample:ThehubofUPS第九頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:Thehub

inPacific-Asia廣州第十頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:ThehubinEuropean第十一頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。ChallengesChallengeHowtomakethemanufacturemoreefficiently,howtoconnectthedifferenceplantsmoretightly,howtoreducethecostandhowtoincreasetheservicelevel?Whatisthebasicsupporttothisperformance?OneanswerislogisticsBut,why?第十二頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。WarehousingWarehousingTransportationTransportationVendors/plants/portsTransportationFactoryTransportationCustomersInformationflowsTheImmediateSupplyChainforanIndividualFirmCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.1-2第十三頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Value-addedRoleProductionFormMarketing*PossessionLogisticsTimeandPlace*EngineeringandFinancemayalsobeinvolved.第十四頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Logistics–differentperspectiveManagementofmaterialsinmotionandatrest–InventoryGettingtherightproducttothecustomer,intherightquantity,intherightcondition,attherightplace,attherighttime,andattherightcost(calledthe“sevenRsoflogistics”)–CustomerThebranchofmilitarysciencehavingtodowithprocuring,maintaining,andtransportingmaterial,personnel,andfacilities-Dictionary第十五頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Logistics–differentperspectiveThatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomerrequirements–CouncilofLogisticsManagementHandlingthedetailsofanactivity–Commonculture第十六頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。EvolutionofSupplyChainManagementCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.第十七頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。SubdivisionsofLogisticsMilitarylogisticsEventlogisticsLogisticsinmanufacturingLogisticsinservices第十八頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。“…Logisticsalsoprovedaprobleminthisidyllicbutremotelocation.Thedaybeforethefestival,aplaneskiddedofftherunway,closingLijiangairportfortheday.Musicfans,mediaandperformersfoundthemselvesgrounded.ManyhadtotakeovernightbusridesfromKunmingtoLijiang.…ButgettingtoLijiangwasjustthebeginning.Thefestivalsiteitselfwasa45-minutedriveoutoftown,intheshadowofSnowMountain.Transportproblemsplaguedtheweekend,asituationmademoreunbearablebytheweather.”Turnedon,turnedinandwashedout,SCMP,Aug.24,2002第十九頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)?！癆sacombatarmsofficer,Ilearnedearlyonthatit’sthelogisticiansthatgetyoutothebattleandsustainyouinthebattle.”GeneralColinPowellFormerChairman,JointChiefsofStaff“Anarmymarchesonitsstomach!”第二十頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)?！癉r.Amy,themedicaldirectorofAmericanRedCross(ARC)’sregionalbloodcenterforthenorthernOhioregionlocatedinCleveland,wasinlowspirits.FollowingMarch,inwhichsevereoutdatingofbloodproductshadtakenplace,shewasfacinganextremeshortageofbloodinApril.ThesubstantialoutdatingofbloodproductsinMarchandtheirsevereshortageinAprilhadprovedverycostly.ShereflectedupontheARC’sstatedmission“ofprovidingthehighestqualitybloodcomponentsatthelowestpossiblecost.”ShewonderedifsomechangesinitsbloodinventorymanagementprogramwouldreduceoperatingcostsforARCandalsoincreasetheavailabilityofbloodtothehospitalsthatitsupplies.…”BusinessLogisticsManagement,RonaldH.Ballou第二十一頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)?！癐ntwoyearsNationalSemiconductorreduceddistributioncostsby2.5percent,decreaseddeliverytimeby47percent,andincreasedsalesby34percentbyclosingsixwarehousesaroundtheglobeandair-freightingmicrochipstocustomersfromanewcentralizeddistributioncenterinSingapore.”Henkoff,R.Deliveringthegoods,Fortune,Nov.28,1994第二十二頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二十三頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。LogisticsObjectivesCustomerserviceCostAddvalueTimePlaceActivitiesOrderprocessingTransportationInventoryLocationWarehousingPackagingMaterialhandlingSourcing第二十四頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。

qualitydetailedproductionschedulingequipmentmaint.capacity

customerservicestandardspricingpackagingretaillocation

promotionmarketresearchproductmixsalesforcemanagement

productschedulingplantlocationpurchasing

transportinventoryorderprocessingmaterialhandlingProduction/OperationsLogisticsMarketing第二十五頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。LogisticsandFinance/AccountingROA=(revenue-expenses)/assetsLogisticscanimpactROAinseveralwaysinventoryisanassetonthebalancesheetutilizationoflogisticsrelatedassetslogisticscostLogisticsmanagershavetojustifyinvestmentinlogistics-relatedassets.Accountingsystemsarecriticalforprovidingcostinformationforlogistics

第二十六頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。TheImportanceandChallengeLogisticscreatesvaluestocustomers;Thecostsaresignificant;Logisticscangaincompetitiveadvantage.Productlifecyclesbecomeshorterandshorter;Supplychainbecomemorecomplex;Productvarietyincreases第二十七頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。CompetitiveadvantageDellSelldirectlyfromitswebsiteandcall-centersBuildtoorderOutsourcecomponentproductionandexpressshippingZaraSpeedtomarketinaroundfiveweeks(industrynorm:6-9months)AvoidmassproductionWal-MartCollaborativeplanningforecastingandreplenishmentCross-dockingRFID第二十八頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第二十九頁(yè)第三十頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。LogisticsTriangleCustomerServiceTransportationInventoryLocation第三十頁(yè)第三十一頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。OtherIssuesWarehousingInternationallogisticsReverselogisticsITissuesEDI,Internet,ERPandothersSourcing第三十一頁(yè)第三十二頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Plant:HoustonMarket:ChicagoProductioncost:$8PriceatMarket:$15Transportationandstoragecost(percwt):$5Weightpershirt:1poundExample:currentpractice第三十二頁(yè)第三十三頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:analternativeRawmaterials:HoustonPlant:ChinaMarket:ChicagoImportduty:$0.5Productioncost:$4

Transportationandstoragecosts(percwt.):$6Weightofrawmaterial:1poundShippingcost(percwt.):$2第三十三頁(yè)第三十四頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example:questionsFromalogistics-productioncoststandpoint,shouldtheshirtbeproducedinChina?Whatadditionalconsiderations,otherthantheabovelogistics-productiontradeoff,mightbeconsideredbeforemakingafinaldecision?第三十四頁(yè)第三十五頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。OutlineWhatislogistics?LogisticsinafirmMainissuesinlogisticsmanagementLogisticsplanning第三十五頁(yè)第三十六頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。DecisionareaStrategicTacticalOperationalTransportationModeselectionSeasonalequip-mentleasingDispatchingInventoriesLocation,ControlpoliciesSafetystocklevelsOrderfillingOrderprocessingOrderentry,transmittal,andprocessingsystemdesignProcessingorders,FillingbackordersPurchasingDevelopmentofsupplier-buyerrelationsContracting,ForwardbuyingExpeditingWarehousingHandlingequipmentselection,LayoutdesignSpaceutilizationOrderpickingandrestockingFacilitylocationNumber,size,andlocationofwarehousesStrategic,Tactical,andOperationalPlanning第三十六頁(yè)第三十七頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。GuidelinesforLogisticsPlanningTotalcostconceptsDifferentiateddistributionPostponementConsolidationStandardization第三十七頁(yè)第三十八頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。TotalcostconceptsRailTruckAirCostCostoftransportationInventorycostInventoryandtransportationcoststrade-off第三十八頁(yè)第三十九頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。CostCostoftransportation,orderprocessingandinventoryLostsalescostCostvs.customerservicelevelImprovedcustomerservice第三十九頁(yè)第四十頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。CostInventorycostRevenueTransportationcostRevenueIncreasingnumberofstockingpointsSettingnumberofstockingpoints第四十頁(yè)第四十一頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。CostInventoryholdingcostLostsalescostSettinginventorylevelAverageinventorylevel第四十一頁(yè)第四十二頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。CostInventoryholdingcostTransportationcostSettingthefrequencyofdeliveryDeliveryinterval第四十二頁(yè)第四十三頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。DifferentiateddistributionIdea:notallproductsorcustomersshouldbetreatedthesameway.Example1:availabilityAitem:gasolineBitem:tires,batteries,oil,greaseand transmissionfluidCitem:valvestems,windshieldwiper blades,radiatorcaps,hoses,fan belts,carwax第四十三頁(yè)第四十四頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example2:customerCentralwarehouseLocalwarehouseLocalwarehousecustomercustomercustomercustomer……customer第四十四頁(yè)第四十五頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。Example3:orderstatusCUSTOMER第四十五頁(yè)第四十六頁(yè)，共52頁(yè)。PostponementManyretailersdonotkeepinventoryotherthansamples.(time)DellComputerconfigurescomputersystemstocustomerorders.(form)Steelservicecenterscutstandardshapesand