句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)與句子成分

一簡(jiǎn)單句只含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子（有時(shí)有并列主語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。二簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型。1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)Thetimepassedquickly.2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)Wehaveplantedalotoftreesinourhometown.3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+C)Computersareusefulinpeople’slife.4.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)MissWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.6.Therebe句型Therewasanoldmansittingthere.【典例剖析】指出下面句子分別屬于哪個(gè)句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_____________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________【語(yǔ)言精練】基本句型（一）主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)1.他昨天早上起床很晚。________________________________________________________2.那天晚上我們談了很多。________________________________________________________3.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。________________________________________________________4.1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng).(theMayFourthMovement)_________________________________________________________5.這個(gè)盒子重五斤。(kilo)_________________________________________________________6.五年前我住在北京。_________________________________________________________7.在過(guò)去十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_________________________________________________________基本句型（二）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O)1.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。__________________________________________________________2.我父親能流利地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。fluently__________________________________________________________3.你介意我開(kāi)窗戶嗎？__________________________________________________________4.你們必須在兩周之內(nèi)看完那些書(shū)。__________________________________________________________5.他指出我的作文中的錯(cuò)誤。pointout,composition__________________________________________________________6.我們必須派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。_________________________________________________________7.你在工作中可以依靠他。__________________________________________________________8.寫(xiě)完作文后，我們必須檢查一遍。goover__________________________________________________________基本句型（三）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+C)1.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。__________________________________________________________2.這本書(shū)是關(guān)于美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。__________________________________________________________3.她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。nursery__________________________________________________________4.他失業(yè)了。__________________________________________________________5.樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。__________________________________________________________6.這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。__________________________________________________________7.布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。__________________________________________________________8.十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。pianist__________________________________________________________9.孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。__________________________________________________________基本句型（四）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)1.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。__________________________________________________________2.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？dictionary_________________________________________________________3.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。_________________________________________________________4.我替你叫輛出租車好嗎？__________________________________________________________5.這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。__________________________________________________________6.他把車票給列車員看。conductor__________________________________________________________基本句型（五）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)1.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。consider__________________________________________________________2.我們把小偷釋放了。set…free__________________________________________________________3.他叫我們參加做游戲。__________________________________________________________4.我要你把真相告訴我。__________________________________________________________5.每天早晨，我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。__________________________________________________________6.那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。make…frightened__________________________________________________________7.他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。__________________________________________________________8.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。__________________________________________________________句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如： Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞） WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞） One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞） Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞） Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞） Isityours?（代詞） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞） Thespeechisexciting.（分詞） Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞） HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式） Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞） Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞） Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞） Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語(yǔ)） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句） 賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞） Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞） HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)） Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞） HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)） Waitaminute.（名詞） Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語(yǔ)從句） 狀語(yǔ)種類如下： Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語(yǔ)） Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語(yǔ)） MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語(yǔ)） Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)） Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語(yǔ)） Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語(yǔ)） Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語(yǔ)）【語(yǔ)言精練】一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow D.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類 1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.句子的基本類型類型1：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）Example1:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)句義1Fireburns.火燃燒。2Birdsfly.鳥(niǎo)飛翔。3Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.我們都呼吸、吃飯、喝水。4Themoonhasrisen.月亮已經(jīng)升起來(lái)了。5Thesunwasshining.太陽(yáng)照耀著。Example2:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)（副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞）名義1Heworkshard.他努力工作。2Sheisworkingquickly.她快速的走著。3Itwasrainingheavily.下雨得很大。4Wewillarrivesoon.我我們很快會(huì)到達(dá)。5Hestoodthere.他站在那兒。6Sheisreadinginthesun.她在陽(yáng)光下讀書(shū)。7Therainlastedallday.雨下了一整天.8Theyhadtravelledalongway.他們已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)的路。9Wewaitedtwohours.我們等了兩小時(shí)。10Itweighstwotons.它重兩噸。11Westayedthewholenight.我們呆了整整一個(gè)晚上。12Hemaylivemanyyears.他也許能活好多年。Example3:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)(不定式/分詞)句義1Westoppedtohavearest.我們停下來(lái)休息一會(huì)兒.2Ireturnedtogetmybook.我回來(lái)取書(shū).3Hearrivedonlytofindthebusleaving.他到達(dá)時(shí)卻發(fā)現(xiàn)車正離開(kāi).4Hestoodthere,begging.他站在那兒乞討.5Sheran.followedbyadog.她跑著,后面跟著一條狗.類型2:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)Example1:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(名/代)句義1Hecuthisfinger.他割傷了他的手指.2Wehavealreadyhadbreakfast.我們已經(jīng)吃過(guò)了早飯.3Ababycannotdressitself.嬰兒不能自己穿衣.4Welitafire.我們點(diǎn)起了一堆火.5Idugahole.我挖了一個(gè)洞.Example2:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(不定式)句義1Ihavepromisedtohelpthem.我已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助他們.2Theydecidednottogo.他們絕不會(huì)去.3Hepretendednottoseeme.他假裝沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)我。4Weplannedtobuyit.我們計(jì)劃買下它。5Heagreedtopayforit.他同意負(fù)擔(dān)它的費(fèi)用。6Iwonderhowtodoit.我茫然不知如何做。7Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道怎么辦。8Shewaswonderingwhichtobuy.她正不知買哪個(gè)好。9Youmustrememberwhentobegin.你必須記住何時(shí)開(kāi)始。10Idon’tknowwheretogo.我不知去哪兒。Example3:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)名詞)句義1Heenjoysplayingchess.他喜歡下棋。2Theyremembereddoingit.他們記得曾做過(guò)此事。3Shedon’tmindmysmoking.她不介意我吸煙。4Wesuggestedchangingit.我們建議改變它。5Hecouldn’thelplaughing.他忍不住大笑起來(lái)。Example4:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句句義1Ihope(that)youwillcomehere.我希望你來(lái)這里。2Isuppose(that)youwillbethere.我猜想你會(huì)在那里。3Heexplained(that)nothingcouldbedone.他解釋說(shuō)什么都沒(méi)做。4Idon’tthink(that)itwillraintomorrow.我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。5Hesaw(that)theplanwasuseless.他明白那計(jì)劃沒(méi)用。6Isuggested(that)heshouldleaveearly.我建議他早些離開(kāi)。7Iwonderwhyhehasnotcome.我想知道他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)。8Iwonderwhether(if)hewillcome.我想知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。9Idonotmindwherewego.我們?nèi)ツ睦镂叶疾唤橐狻?0Heknowswhosheis.他知道她是誰(shuí)。11Idonotcarewhatyouthink.我不在乎你怎么想。12Nobodyknowswhoseitis.沒(méi)人知道它是誰(shuí)的。類型3:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Example1:主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)句義1Thisisabook.這是一本書(shū)。2Thisbookismine.這本書(shū)是我的。3Theyarehard-working.他們很勤勞。Example2:主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)句義1Theboylooksasmartboy這孩子看起來(lái)很伶俐。2Thisfilmseemsmoving.這部電影似乎很動(dòng)人。3Youappearallright.你好像身體很好。4Hegotdrunk.他喝醉了。5Sheturnedpaleatthethought.一想到這，她臉變得蒼白。6Theroombecamecrowdedsoon.房間很快擁擠起來(lái)。7Thewellrandry.井干了。8Thefoodwentbad.食物發(fā)霉了。9Sheremainedcalm.她保持冷靜。10Theshopstaysopenuntil12.商店?duì)I業(yè)直到現(xiàn)在12點(diǎn)。11Thetoolproved(tobe)useful.這工具證明很有用。12Cottonfeelssoft棉花摸上去很柔軟。13Ifeltpuzzledandupset.工感到困惑不安。14Hersongsoundssweet.她的歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)很甜。15Thefoodtastesdelicious.這食物嘗起來(lái)很可口.16Flowerssmellpleasant.花兒聞起來(lái)很怡人.17Hekeepssilentallday.他一整天不說(shuō)話.類型4：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)Example1:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)句義1Igavemyfriendthemoney.我給了朋友錢。2Theytoldusthenews.他們告訴我們這消息。3Weshowedourteachersthepictures.我們給老師看了照片。4Ididn’tlendanybodymybooks.我沒(méi)有把書(shū)借給任何人。5Heofferedmesomemoney.他給了我一些錢。6Iowethetailortenpounds.我欠裁縫十英鎊。7Hehandedherthesalt.他把鹽遞給了她。8Iwillbringthemsomepeanuts.我將給他們帶些花生。Example2:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)to介詞賓語(yǔ)句義1Igavethemoney.tomyfriend我給了朋友錢。2Theytoldthenews.tous他們告訴我們這消息。3Weshowedthepictures.toourteachers我們給老師看了照片。4Ididn’tlendmybooks.toanybody我沒(méi)有把書(shū)借給任何人。5Heofferedsomemoney.tome他給了我一些錢。6Iowetenpounds.tothetailor我欠裁縫十英鎊。7Hehandedthesalt.toher他把鹽遞給了她。8Iwillbringsomepeanuts.tothem我將給他們帶些花生。Example3:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)句義1Iboughtmywifeagoldwatch.我給妻子買了一塊金表。2Theysavedmesomemoney.他們給我儲(chǔ)蓄了一些錢。3Shemadeherselfanewdress.她給自己做了一套新衣服。4Ilefthimsomefood.我給他留了些食物。5Hegotmetwotickets.他給我買了兩張票。6Ididhimafavor.我?guī)土怂粋€(gè)忙。Example4:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)for間接賓語(yǔ)句義1Iboughtagoldwatch.formywife我給妻子買了一塊金表。2Theysavedsomemoney.forme他們給我儲(chǔ)蓄了一些錢。3Shemadeanewdress.forherself她給自己做了一套新衣服。4Ileftsomefood.forhim我給他留了些食物。5Hegottwotickets.forme他給我買了兩張票。6Ididafavor.forhim我?guī)土怂粋€(gè)忙。類型5：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Example1:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(名/代)賓補(bǔ)(不定式todo)句義1Iaskedhertoopenthewindow.我要她打開(kāi)窗戶.2Hewantsmetobeearly.他想要我早到.3Helikeshiswife.todresswell.他喜歡妻子穿得漂亮.4Iwarnedhimnottobelate.我警告他不要遲到.5Sheallowedmetosmokehere.她允許我在這兒吸煙.Example2:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(名/代)賓補(bǔ)(不定式tobe)句義1Theybelievedhim(tobe)innocent.他們相信他是無(wú)辜的.2Weconsiderher(tobe)honest.我們認(rèn)為她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的.3Iconsiderit(tobe)ashame.我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)恥辱.4WethinkTom(tobe)bright.我們認(rèn)為湯姆聰明.5Weprovedhim(tobe)wrong.我們證明了他是錯(cuò)誤的.Example3:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(名/代)賓補(bǔ)(省to的不定式)句義1Imadehimfinishthejob.我讓他做完那件工作.2Youmustn’tletthematterresthere.你不可讓這事停下來(lái)。3Iwillhavehimdothework.我會(huì)讓他做這件工作。4Hehelpedme(to)carrythebox.他幫我搬箱子。5Iheardsomeonecomein.我聽(tīng)到有人進(jìn)來(lái)。6Wesawthemgoout.我們看見(jiàn)他們出去了。7Ifeltthehouseshake.我感到房子搖動(dòng)。8Shenoticedthethiefleavetheshop.她看到賊離開(kāi)了商店。Example4:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（名/代）賓補(bǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞)句義1Isawhimrunningoff.我看到他跑開(kāi)了。2Ismeltsomethingburning.我聞到有東西在燃燒。3Wewatchedherleaving.我們看著她離去。4Ifeltthehouseshaking.我感到房子在搖動(dòng)。5Theyleftmestandingoutside.他們留下我站在外邊。6Wefoundthemworking.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谠诠ぷ鳌?Shekeptmewaiting.他讓我久等。8Heheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.他聽(tīng)到有人喊救命。Example5:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（名/代）賓補(bǔ)（過(guò)去分詞）句義1Youmustgetyourhaircut.你必須要理發(fā)了。2Shehadanewcapmade.她找人做了頂新冒子。3Weheardasongsung.我們聽(tīng)到有人唱歌。4Hesawthehousebrokeninto.他看到房子被破門(mén)而入。5Theyfoundhimbeaten.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他被人打了。Example6:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（名/代）賓補(bǔ)（形容詞）句義1Hegothisshoesdirty.他把鞋子弄臟了。2Itkeepsuswarm.它使我們保持暖和。3Ifoundtheboxempty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子是空的。4Hepaintedthedooryellow.他把門(mén)染成了黃色。5Iwishherhappy.我但愿她幸福。Example7:主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（名/代）賓補(bǔ)（名詞）句義1Wemadehimmonitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。2TheynamedtheirsonHenry.他們給孩子取名亨利。3IcalledhimUncleLee.我叫他李叔叔。4WechoseTomchairman.我們選湯姆當(dāng)主席。5TheyelectedhimPresident.他們選舉他為總統(tǒng)。二．判斷下列短文中各句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（ ）.I'mfine,buttired（ ）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（ ）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（ ）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（ ）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（ ）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（ ）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（ ）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（ ）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（ ）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（ ）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（ ）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（ ）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（ ）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（ ）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（ ）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（ ）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（ ）.It'sgreat（ ）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（ ）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（ ）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（ ）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（ ）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（ ）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（ ）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（ ）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（ ）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（ ）.三、選擇填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit. A.and B.or C.if D.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____? A.hasn’the B.isn’theC.isn’tit D.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain! A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan4.Letuspass,____? A.shan’twe B.shallwe C.won’twe D.willyou5.Isupposehe’sserious,____? A.doI B.don’tI C.ishe D.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____? A.willyou B.hadyou C.shallyou D.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition. A.then B.but C.and D.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight. A.and B.but C.so D.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____. A.Henryhasn’ttoo B.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming. A.or B.for C.while D.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout. A.or B.and C.but D.so12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?” ----“It’s38degrees.” A.Which B.How C.Howhot D.Howhigh13.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe? ----____. A.Yes,heisn’t B.No,heisn’t C.No,heis D.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone! A.How,isshe B.What,isshe C.How,sheis D.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired. A.or B.so C.for D.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger. A.wasmaking B.makes C.ismaking D.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary. A.but B.and C.or D.yet18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou. A.Tellme B.Ifyouwouldsaytome C.Youwilltellme D.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds. A.yethe B.buthe C.and D.he20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella. ----Ihad,____I’velostit. A.since B.but C.because D.so21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish. ----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch. A.and,and B.and,but C.