CCNA培訓(xùn)3、第三課：IP 編址與子網(wǎng)化

第三課IP編址與子網(wǎng)化編輯課件斷點連接需要確定的地址路徑選擇TCP/IP地址介紹172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1編輯課件IP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost32bits編輯課件IP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111Binary32bits1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

編輯課件IP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111

10101100

00010000

01111010

11001100Binary32bits

172

16

122

204Example

DecimalExample

Binary1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

編輯課件ClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD:多播地址ClassE:科研用IP地址分類NetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8bits8bits8bits8bits編輯課件IP地址分類1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110MMMMMulticastGroupMulticastGroupMulticastGroup891617242532Range(224-239)編輯課件主機(jī)地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)..網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口172.16.0.010.0.0.0E0E1路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0編輯課件

11111111計算可用的主機(jī)地址172

1600

10101100

00010000

00000000

0000000016

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)

00000000

00000001

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111110......

00000000

00000011

11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=65534編輯課件IP地址分類練習(xí)地址類別網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10編輯課件IP地址分類練習(xí)

〔答案〕地址類別網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16編輯課件網(wǎng)絡(luò)172.16.0.0172.16.0.0不設(shè)子網(wǎng)的地址172.16.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.3…...172.16.255.253172.16.255.254編輯課件網(wǎng)絡(luò)172.16.0.0設(shè)置子網(wǎng)的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0編輯課件子網(wǎng)地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表2160主機(jī)..172.16.3.1E1編輯課件子網(wǎng)地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)..網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表子網(wǎng)編輯課件子網(wǎng)掩碼1721600255255002552552550IP

AddressDefault

Subnet

Mask8-bit

Subnet

MaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16〞表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有16位.“/24〞表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有24位.11111111111111110000000000000000編輯課件十進(jìn)制和二進(jìn)制的轉(zhuǎn)換1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1281 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1921 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 2241 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 2401 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 2481 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 2521 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 2541 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1編輯課件16網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000缺省情況下子網(wǎng)未劃分00000010缺省情況下的子網(wǎng)掩碼172.16.2.160255.255.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)號編輯課件擴(kuò)展了8位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò)利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng)16網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)172.16.2.160255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)號128192224240248252254255編輯課件利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)172.16.2.160255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子網(wǎng)擴(kuò)展了10位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò)161722128網(wǎng)絡(luò)好128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255編輯課件子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí)地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類別子網(wǎng)172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0編輯課件子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí)

〔答案〕地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類別子網(wǎng)172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0編輯課件播送地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directedbroadcast)255.255.255.255(Localnetworkbroadcast)X172.16.255.255(Allsubnetsbroadcast)編輯課件地址匯總例如16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19241編輯課件地址匯總例如1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212345678161722160編輯課件地址匯總例如101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160編輯課件IPHostAddress: 172.16.2.121SubnetMask:255.255.255.0SubnetAddress=172.16.2.0HostAddresses=172.16.2.1–172.16.2.254BroadcastAddress=172.16.2.255EightbitsofsubnettingNetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:10101100000100000001000011111111000000100000001011111111011110010000000000000000B類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃Broadcast:Network編輯課件子網(wǎng)劃分Othersubnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820子網(wǎng)5主機(jī)/子網(wǎng)C類地址：192.168.5.0編輯課件11111000IPHostAddress: 192.168.5.121SubnetMask:255.255.255.248NetworkSubnetHost192.168.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:110000001010100010101000111111110000010100000101111111110111100101111000255.255.255.248:C類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃SubnetAddress=192.168.5.120HostAddresses=192.168.5.121–192.168.5.126BroadcastAddress=192.168.5.127FiveBitsofSubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetwork11000000101010000000010101111111編輯課件播送地址練習(xí)地址類別子網(wǎng)播送地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248子網(wǎng)掩碼15.16.193.6255.255.248.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252153.50.6.27255.255.255.128編輯課件播送地址練習(xí)

〔答案〕153.50.6.127地址類別子網(wǎng)播送地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子網(wǎng)掩碼15.16.193.6255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0編輯課件配置交換機(jī)的管理性IP地址Switch(config)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-mask〔1900〕Switch(config)#ipdefault-gatewayip-address指明缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)Switch(config)#intfacevlan1Switch(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskCatalyst2900的配置Catalyst1900的配置編輯課件配置路由器的IP地址指明IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼在路由器的端口配置模式下設(shè)置地址配置第二的地址Router(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskSwitch(config)#intfaceehternet0Router(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-masksecondary編輯課件利用IP地址靜態(tài)映射主機(jī)地址通過IP地址和主機(jī)名稱選擇端口路由器的IP主機(jī)命名Router(config)#iphostname[tcp-port-number]

address[address]iphostNorine172.16.3.1192.168.3.1iphostRoger172.16.4.3編輯課件指明一個或多個名稱效勞器來解析邏輯地址路由器名稱效勞器的設(shè)置Router(config)#ipnam