電子通信技術(shù)專用英語(yǔ)Basic Knowledge of Electronics-Knowing the Electronic ponents

電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第五版）高職高專電子信息類"十三五"規(guī)劃EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology一,復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多二,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多三,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多四,詞轉(zhuǎn)換多專業(yè)英語(yǔ)地特點(diǎn)零一UnitⅠBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson一KnowingtheElectronicponents

UnitⅠNewWordselectronic [,ilek'tr?nik] adj.電子地,電子 儀器地electronics [,ilek'tr?niks] n.電子學(xué),電學(xué),電子工業(yè)ponent[k?m'p?un?nt] n.成分,元件 adj.組成地,構(gòu)成地symbol

['simb?l]

n.符號(hào),標(biāo)志,象征resistor [ri'zist?] n.電阻器NewWordsrestrict [ri'strikt] vt.限制,約束,限定current ['k?r?nt] n.電流series ['si?ri:z] n.連續(xù),系列,叢書,級(jí)數(shù)capacitor [k?'p?sit?] n.電容器charge [t?ɑ:d?] n.電荷inductor [in'd?kt?] n.感應(yīng)器,電感NewWordsrestrict [ri'strikt] vt.限制,約束,限定current ['k?r?nt] n.電流series ['si?ri:z] n.連續(xù),系列,叢書,級(jí)數(shù)capacitor [k?'p?sit?]n.電容器charge [t?ɑ:d?] n.電荷inductor [in'd?kt?] n.感應(yīng)器,電感NewWordsmagic [m?ɡ‘ik] adj.磁地,有磁地, 有吸引力地field ['fi:ld] n.場(chǎng)diode ['dai?ud] n.二極管valve [v?lv] n.電子管,真空管transistor [tr?n'sist?] n.晶體管integrated ['intiɡreitid] adj.綜合地,完整地NewWordscircuit ['s?:kit] n.電路chip [t?ip] n.芯片semiconductor [,semik?n'd?kt?] n.半導(dǎo)體silicon ['silik?n] n.硅,硅元素anode ['?n?ud] n.陽(yáng)極,正極cathode ['k?θ?ud] n.陰極microphone ['maikr?f?un] n.擴(kuò)音器,麥克風(fēng)NewWordsspeaker ['spi:k?] n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭f(wàn)use [fju:z] n.保險(xiǎn)絲,熔絲filament ['fil?m?nt] n.細(xì)絲,燈絲motor ['m?ut?] n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),電動(dòng)機(jī)solenoid ['s?ul?n?id] n.螺線管switch [swit?] n.開關(guān)PhrasesandExpressionslight-emittingdiode 發(fā)光二極管AC(=AlternatingCurrent) 流電DC(=Directcurrent) 直流電Therearealargenumberofsymbolswhichrepresentanequallylargerangeofelectronicponents.Itisimportantthatyoucanrecognizethemoremonponentsandunderstandwhattheyactuallydo.Anumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.Lesson一KnowingtheElectronicponentsChineseTranslationofTexts這些符號(hào)代表了絕大多數(shù)電子元件。能夠識(shí)別更多地普通元件以及了解它們地實(shí)際用途是很重要地。下面畫出了一些電子元件,有趣地是一種類型地元件,常?？梢杂枚喾N符號(hào)表示。第一課認(rèn)識(shí)電子元器件ChineseTranslationofTextsResistorsResistorsrestricttheflowofelectriccurrent,forexamplearesistorisplacedinserieswithalight-emittingdiode(LED)tolimitthecurrentpassingthroughtheLED.Fig.一-一showsisresistorexampleandcircuitsymbol.Resistorsmaybeconnectedeitherwayround.Theyarenotdamagedbyheatwhensoldering.ChineseTranslationofTexts電阻電阻阻礙電流地流動(dòng),例如一個(gè)電阻與一個(gè)發(fā)光二級(jí)管LED串聯(lián)來(lái)限制流過(guò)LED地電流。圖一－一所示為電阻實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。電阻可以連接在任一回路。它們不會(huì)因焊接高溫而損壞。ChineseTranslationofTextsCapacitorsCapacitorsstoreelectriccharge.TheyareoftenusedinfiltercircuitsbecausecapacitorseasilypassAC(changing)signalsbuttheyblockDC(constant)signals.Fig.一-二capacitorexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts電容電容存儲(chǔ)電荷。因?yàn)殡娙菔沽餍盘?hào)容易通過(guò)而阻隔直流信號(hào),所以它們經(jīng)常被用在濾波電路。圖一－二為電容實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。ChineseTranslationofTextsInductorAninductorisapassiveelectronicponentthatstoresenergyintheformofamagicfield.Aninductorisacoilofwirewithmanywindings,oftenwoundaroundacoremadeofamagicmaterial,likeiron.Fig.一-三Inductorexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts電感電感是一個(gè)無(wú)源電子元件,它以磁場(chǎng)地形式存儲(chǔ)能量。電感是一個(gè)由電線纏繞了許多圈地線圈,經(jīng)常纏繞在像鐵這樣地磁材料地磁芯上。圖一－三為電感實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。DiodesDiodesallowelectricitytoflowinonlyonedirection.Thearrowofthecircuitsymbolshowsthedirectioninwhichthecurrentcanflow.Diodesaretheelectricalversionofavalveandearlydiodeswereactuallycalledvalves.Fig.一-四showsDiodeexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts二極管二極管允許電流僅從一個(gè)方向流過(guò)。電路符號(hào)地箭頭指示了電流能流過(guò)地方向。二極管是真空管地電子版,實(shí)際上,早期地二極管就叫真空管。圖一－四為二極管實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。ChineseTranslationofTextsTransistorsTherearetwotypesofstandardtransistors,NPNandPNP,withdifferentcircuitsymbols.Thelettersrefertothelayersofsemiconductormaterialusedtomakethetransistor.Fig.一-五isTransistorsexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts晶體管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地晶體管有兩種類型,NPN型與PNP型,它們地電路符號(hào)不同。字母（N與P）意味著制造晶體管地半導(dǎo)體材料地不同。圖一－五為晶體管實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。ChineseTranslationofTextsIntegratedCircuits(Chips)IntegratedCircuitsareusuallycalledICsorchips.Theyareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor(silicon).Thechipispackagedinaplasticholderwithpinsspacedona零.一"(二.五四mm)gridwhichwillfittheholesonstripboardandbreadboards.Veryfinewiresinsidethepackagelinkthechiptothepins.Fig.一-六IntegratedCircuitsexample.ChineseTranslationofTexts集成電路（芯片）集成電路通常被稱為ICs或芯片。它它們是固化在微小地半導(dǎo)體（硅）芯片上地復(fù)雜電路。該芯片被封裝在一個(gè)塑料固定物上,引腳間距零.一″（二.五四mm）,這樣地柵格適合帶形板與面包板地孔距。在封裝里面用非常纖細(xì)地導(dǎo)線連接芯片地引腳。圖一－六為集成電路實(shí)物圖。ChineseTranslationofTextsLightEmittingDiodes(LEDs)LEDsemitlightwhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughthem.LEDsmustbeconnectedthecorrectwayround,thediagrammaybelabelled"a"or"+"foranodeand"k"or"-"forcathode(yes,itreallyis"k",not"c",forcathode!).ThecathodeistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Fig.一-七isLEDexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts發(fā)光二極管（LEDs）當(dāng)電流流過(guò)LED時(shí),它發(fā)出光。LEDs需要連接正確地回路,電路圖可以標(biāo)"a"或者"＋"表示陽(yáng)極,標(biāo)"k"或者"-"表示陰極。陰極是短地引腳并且在LEDs圓形體內(nèi)可能是微小扁地那一端。圖一－七為L(zhǎng)ED實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)。ChineseTranslationofTextsOtherElectronicponentsFig.一-八isotherelectronicponentsexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts其它地電子元件圖一-八為其它電子元件地實(shí)物圖與電路符號(hào)?？勺冸娮杵鞣澍Q器（麥克風(fēng)）揚(yáng)聲器保險(xiǎn)絲燈泡/燈絲電動(dòng)機(jī)螺線管開關(guān)NotesTherearealargenumberofsymbolswhichrepresentanequallylargerangeofelectronicponents.這些符號(hào)代表了絕大多數(shù)地地電子元件。一NotesItisimportantthatyoucanrecognizethemoremonponentsandunderstandwhattheyactuallydo.能夠識(shí)別更多地普通元器件以及了解它們地實(shí)際用途是很重要地。二NotesAnumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.下面畫出了許多電子元件,妳會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)有趣地現(xiàn)象一個(gè)符號(hào)可以代表相同類型地元件,而且這樣地符號(hào)不只一個(gè)。三NotesTheyareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor(silicon).Thechipispackagedinaplasticholderwithpinsspacedona零.一"(二.五四mm)gridwhichwillfittheholesonstripboardandbreadboards.它們是固化在微小地半導(dǎo)體（硅）芯片上地復(fù)雜電路。該芯片被封裝在一個(gè)塑料固定物上,其引腳間距為零.一英寸（二.五四mm）,這樣地柵格將適合帶形板與面包板地孔距。四NotesAnumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.下面畫出了許多電子元件,妳會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)有趣地現(xiàn)象一個(gè)符號(hào)可以代表相同類型地元件,而且這樣地符號(hào)不只一個(gè)。五Exercises一.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Onesymbolrepresentsatypeofponent.b.Resistorsaredamagedbyheatwhensoldering.c.Capacitorsarenotoftenusedinfiltercircuits.d.Bothcapacitorandinductorarepassiveelectronicponents.e.Inductorsstoreelectriccharge.f.Diodesallowelectricitytofloweitheronedirection.g.Diodesalsoarecalledvalves.h.ThesymbolofNPNandPNPtransistorsissame.i.ICsareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor.j.LEDisonetypeofdiodes.Exercises一.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Onesymbolrepresentsatypeofponent.b.Resistorsaredamagedbyheatwhensoldering.c.Capacitorsarenotoftenusedinfiltercircuits.d.Bothcapacitorandinductorarepassiveelectronicponents.e.Inductorsstoreelectriccharge.f.Diodesallowelectricitytofloweitheronedirection.g.Diodesalsoarecalledvalves.h.ThesymbolofNPNandPNPtransistorsissame.i.ICsareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor.j.LEDisonetypeofdiodes.F（L五）F（L一零）F（L一二）T（L一六）T（L一六）F（L二一）T（L二三）FT（L三零）TExercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ACb.DCc.Semiconductord.ICe.field一.Atiny"chip"containingmanyindividualcircuitswhichworktogethertoperformafunction.二.Amaterialthatisneitheraconductornoraninsulator.三.Thedirectionofcurrentisconstant.四.Aportionofspacesurroundingabodyinwhichtheforcesduetothebodycanbedetected.五.itchangespolarityperiodically.Exercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ACb.DCc.Semiconductord.ICe.field一.Atiny"chip"containingmanyindividualcircuitswhichworktogethertoperformafunction.二.Amaterialthatisneitheraconductornoraninsulator.三.Thedirectionofcurrentisconstant.四.Aportionofspacesurroundingabodyinwhichtheforcesduetothebodycanbedetected.五.itchangespolarityperiodically.Exercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Inthemonponents,maybeconnectedeitherwayround.b.isapassiveelectronicponentthatstoreelectricchage.c.Inductorsstoreenergyintheformof.d.Diodesallowelectricitytoflowindirection.e.TheoftheLEDistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Exercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Inthemonponents,resistorsmaybeconnectedeitherwayround.b.Capacitorisapassiveelectronicponentthatstoreelectricchage.c.Inductorsstoreenergyintheformofamagicfield.d.Diodesallowelectricitytoflowinonlyonedirection.e.ThecathodeoftheLEDistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.a.Modernadvancesinthefieldsofputer,controlsystem,municationshaveacloserelationshipwithelectronics.Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.a.Modernadvancesinthefieldsofputer,controlsystem,municationshaveacloserelationshipwithelectronics.a.計(jì)算機(jī),控制系統(tǒng)與通信領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)代地步與電子學(xué)有著密切地關(guān)系。Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.b.Thefieldofelectronicsincludestheelectrontube,transistor,integratedcircuitandsoon.Exercises四.Translatefollowingparagr