主旨題-高考英語閱讀題

主旨題〔2〕——2021高考英語閱讀題集訓(xùn).WarmupHowmanydifferences？.英語考試大綱要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。考生應(yīng)能：

〔1〕理解主旨和要義

〔2〕理解文中具體信息

〔3〕根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義

〔4〕作出判斷和推理

〔5〕理解文章的根本結(jié)構(gòu)

〔6〕理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度2021高考全國新課標(biāo)卷英語考試說明和考試大綱〔1〕理解主旨和要義

.英語考試大綱任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨要義。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨要義，從這一段或這個句子讀者會知道文章描述的是誰或什么〔即文章的主題〕，亦會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。有時，文章的主旨要義那么需從文章的字里行間進(jìn)行推斷?！倦y度大一些】這類試題主要考査考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。

〔1〕理解主旨和要義.主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測型命題類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推理判斷型.考例分析〔遼寧卷〕Goinggreenseemstobefad(時尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle. OnApril22,2021,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask................60.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoingGreen B.ProtectingthePlanet.C.KeepingOpen-MindedD.CelebratingOurGreenYear.A.GoingGreen .主旨大意型

考查學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題,標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。.一、設(shè)題方式1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標(biāo)題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe….Howtosolvethiskindofquestions?StudentA:StudentB:StudentC:.二、如何做主旨大意題1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2)找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法〞是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：讀首句抓大意讀尾句抓大意讀首尾段抓大意3.)無明顯主題句時高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。.Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.〔1〕主題句在段首一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子那么是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。.Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.〔2〕主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到表達(dá)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。.Sample3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.〞Shusaid…...“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.〞Shusaid.〔3〕首尾照應(yīng)為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾照應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見.通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或開展的意味..Sample4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.〔4〕在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或符合邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或開展..1)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,〞等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,

conclusion,

inaword〞等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點(diǎn)看其后的賓語從句。

主題句在短文中間.

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones..

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

●Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels.

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.Apractice.2.Manypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.…Nameornoname?Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewantto.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement,aclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonorourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithournamethatwehonorwhatwesay.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.honorandwritersB.identityandsignatureC.signature(簽名)andresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature.3.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter…

…ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle.4Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough〞.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking...5.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything〞mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don’tjudgeothersbyappearance.So,itisfoolishtojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceTrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

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