安大研究生英語第二冊答案

Unit1KeytoExercises:I.Comprehension1.Theauthorimpliesthateverythingischangeable:aprospectingmillcentercanturnintoadesertedtown,andsimilarly,acouple’sromanticlovecanchangeintoordinaryrelationship.2.Theauthor,bydescribingthetrout’sfeedingbutnotstriking,impliesthatNick’slovetoMarjoriecannotreachabreakingpointandisfadinggradually.3.Yes.MarjoriehasperceivedNick’sindifferenceinthefishing.Marjorie’squestion“What’sthematter,Nick〞inParagraph26indicatesthisquiteclearly.4.Thetroubleisthatlovecannotsurvivewhenthereisnolongernoveltyinit.5.Yes.NickhadpreplannedtostoprelationwithMarjoriebeforetheywentfishing,andprobablyhaddiscusseditwithBill,asBillaskedthequestion“Didshegoallright?〞directlywhenhecameover.6.(Open)II.Vocabulary1.clearing 2.sprinkles 3.reel 4.hoist 5.glint6.prop 7.slack 8.swampy 9.ventral 10.rakeIII.Phrases1.wentasfaras 2.are…intenton 3.reelin 4.dropoff5.cut…off 6.cutacross 7.goaway 8.cut…outIV.Errordetectionandcorrectionhowitmightbelittle改成howlittleitmightbe刪除thatthesetechniquesare改成arethesetechniquesEven改成Althoughthatwereally改成whatwereallyevolution改成evolutionaryitis改成itdoesseven-continents改成seven-continentdoafavorto改成doafavorforhow改成thatV.Cloze1.gripping 2.lean 3.influenced 4.contribution 5.deceptive6.immediacy 7.conjunctions 8.compared 9.frowned 10.satirized11.portray 12.valid 13.always 14.characteristic 15.poeticTextBWhenGoodnessisn’tGoodEnoughKeytoComprehensionThethreequalitiesare:goodpeoplecare,goodpeopleact,andgoodpeoplehaveresponsibility.Themodernworldisnetworked,specialized,andfilledwithimpersonalorganizationswhosegoalsareopen-ended.Theconsequenceofthisisthatmodernpeopleareexposedtovariousdemandsourancestorsnevercouldhaveimagined.Theycompetewithotherspecializedorganizationsforresourcesandcannotaffordtorecognizethepersonallimitsofitsmembers.Theywillmakecommitmentsrelatingtotheirjob,spouse,child,child’sschoolorsportsteamordramaclub,agingparents,almamater,community,anddifferentorganizations.Infact,theywillalsomakecommitmentstothelargerworldabouttheissuesofterrorism,environmentaldegradation,poverty,disease,etc.Theymayredirecttheirfrustrationorangerinwardasdepressionoroutwardontoothersorevenontoawholeintheformofbitterness.Theauthor’ssuggestionisthateachpersonfindsherorhisownspecialpassion,makesthatthecenterofasingleopen-endedcommitmentanddoeswhatishumanlypossible.Keytotranslationexercises.1.①太陽黑子;雀斑②(=net+citizen)網(wǎng)民③水閘④天體物理學(xué)⑤光驅(qū)⑥(=globalpositioningsystem全球定位系統(tǒng))不譯⑦(=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries石油輸出國組織)歐派克⑧(=Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)亞太經(jīng)合組織or不譯⑨smalloffice,homeoffice小型家居辦公室or不譯⑩=telecommmunicationssatellite通信衛(wèi)星2.①瞳孔可以隨著光線強(qiáng)弱的變化而放大或縮小。②這種藥品的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是沒有副作用。③合金是介于混合物和化合物的中間物質(zhì)。④用滾動摩擦代替滑動摩擦?xí)蠓葴p少摩擦力。⑤隨著病情的惡化，肌肉會逐漸萎縮。如果不及時治療，病人就會癱瘓，呼吸極其困難，最終死亡。⑥一旦細(xì)胞發(fā)生?；?，變成皮膚、眼睛或乳腺細(xì)胞，大局部有關(guān)長成完整個體的基因指令就會關(guān)閉。科學(xué)家們以前一直認(rèn)為，?；蟮募?xì)胞不能用來形成完整的有機(jī)體。⑦為了保護(hù)鯨免受北極海寒冷的傷害，大自然賜予了它一層厚厚的被稱作鯨脂的脂肪層。人們把鯨屠宰后，就在船上或岸上剝下鯨脂并進(jìn)行熬煉。這樣便能生產(chǎn)出大量的油，可以做成食物供人們消費(fèi)。還有幾種動物也能產(chǎn)油，但都沒有鯨產(chǎn)的油多。⑧科學(xué)家們發(fā)表報告稱，嚴(yán)峻的氣候變化可能來自“溫室效應(yīng)〞，因燃燒礦物燃料而使二氧化碳含量增高，從而引起大氣層逐漸變暖?？茖W(xué)家們還說，在幾十年內(nèi)全球的平均溫度可能會升高，到下個世紀(jì)末可能到達(dá)要比目前溫度高出9華氏度的水平。專家們說，這可能對全球的天氣類型造成嚴(yán)重的破壞，比方說，使年降雨量改變，使河流上漲或干涸，并使海平面升高。Unt2KeytoExercisesI.Readingcomprehension1.Inamorningwhenhewokeupafewminutesearlierthanheusuallyis,andhehadnotthoughtitbefore.2.Itisunwisetotakeholdofthelittledoorinfrontofacoalrangeinone’sfingers(learntattheageofseven),thatamixtureofsherbetandmilkchocolateinequalpartsproducesdisconcertingresults(discoveredatnight)，andthatitissociallyinexpedienttomakejokesaboutfalseteeth.3.Itmeansthattheauthorcannotbesurethathisapplicationofthenamesofthethoughtsorobjectsofonelanguagetoanotherissuccessfulornot,andthushethinksthatitsfeasibilityisdoubtful.4.Hethinksthathisknowledgeisinadequatecomparedtohislifelonginvestmentandhisparents’money.Buthefeelreassuredthatignorancedoesnoharmtohim,foranignorantpersondoesn’tmisquote.5.Whenpeoplerealizethefactthatsometimesmemoryisnotreliable,theknowledgetheypossesswillbringthemtroubleandmistakes.Therefore,ignorancedoesworkatthistime,fortheignorantmenseldommakeinaccuratejudgmentwithoutmakinganinvestigationfirst.6.Hethoughtthattheauthorofthebookheneededtoreviewhadneglectedsomecontentsinthebook,butactuallytheauthorhadnot.Helearnedfromthisexperiencethatignorancecanbeagreathelptohim,forhismemorymaydeceivehimsometimes.7.Thesentencehasanironicaltone,whichmeansthatundersuchcivilizationofvaluingignorance,knowledgeisnotnecessarilysomuchusefulasonerequires.One’sknowledgecansometimesbelesshelpfultohimthannecessary,fortheinformationcanbequicklyaccessedinvariousmeans.8.(open)II.Vocabulary1.expedient2.sane3.impart4.verify5.discourteous6.tentative7.dubious8.premium9.tossing10.devouredIII.Phrases1.givereinto2.beton3.atadiscount4.putapremiumon5.inpossessionof6.gaveanaccountof7.comedownto8.aburstofIV.Errordetectionandcorrection1.“express〞改為“expressing〞:Thepottershadvirtuallyeschewedfreehanddrawingandelaboratemotifsofthepots,whileyetexpressingabeliefthattherewasorderintheuniverse.

2.“happen〞改為“happens〞TaxpayersarebeingpouredintoSouthAfricatosupportasystemdedicatedtotheoppressionof12millionpeoplethecolorofwhoseskinshappensnottobewhite.3.“and〞改為“that〞ThiswonderfulworkofartissuchajoytolookatthatIcanneverbesufficientlygratefultoyouforhavinggivensomuchofyourtimeinordertogivemepleasure.4.“have〞改為“havehad〞Mrs.Thatchersuggestedthat“hadAmericastayedinEuropeaftertheFirstWorldWarandwehadaNATOthen,IdonotbelievewewouldhavehadaSecondWorldWar.〞5.“managewith〞改為“manage〞Aninfectiousoutbreakamongthestaffatatimewhenholidaysareatapeakwillbemoredifficulttomanage.6.“robbed〞改為“robbedoff〞Toescapefromaprisoncamprequiredaveryspecialstateofmind,andIleftbehindmebravemen,whomcaptivityhadrobbedofallhope.7.“condemn〞改為“condemned〞Onemomenthehadbeenlookingforwardtoahappyandwealthyretirementandnow,minuteslater,hewasacondemnedcriminalwithonlyafewhourslefttolive.8.“l(fā)ikely〞改為“morelikely〞Thisfindingisconsistentwiththefactthatstudentleadersaremorelikelytobesupportersofthevaluesimplicitincivillibertiesthantheotherstudents.9.“much〞改為“asmuch〞Heatewhathefeltlike,sleptasmuchoraslittleashepleased,andmovedaboutthedraughtyroomsofthehouse,likeanelderlytouristinacathedral.10.“allowing〞改為“ofallowing〞Itisaquestionofallowingthehumanracetosurvive,possiblyunderthedominationofaregimewhichmostofusdetest,orofallowingittodestroyitselfinappallinganguish.

V.Cloze1.bitterly2.pitch3.sprawling4.observing5.entitled6.vacuum7.around8.likely9.diminish10.contemplation11.impose12.subversion13.reassessment14.frazzled15.rejuvenateTextBTheVirtueofIdlenessKeytoExercisesReadingcomprehension1.Becausehisaphorism“earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise〞hadpropelledsomanyofustobecomeslavestoaschedulewedidnotchoose.2.Theforcesoftheanti-idlehavebeenatworksincethefallofman.Andtheevidencecanbefoundinthebiblewhichcanbedatedbackto2000years.InChapter6,thereisaproverbonthesubject.3.ThissentencesmeansthatDr.Johnisregretfulaboutthetimespentonoversleeping,andheismakinghisresolutiontoriseearlytomakeupforhislosttimeforhislaziness—unabletoriseearly.4.AccordingtoJohnWesley,laterisingwillcausefloppyphysicalconditionsandslackednerves.5.Becausehethinkslyinginbedandthinkingistheveryessenceofbeinghuman.Andlyinginbedisnotawasteoftime,forlyinginbedwouldnotinfluenceone’sthinkingactively,sotheyaretwoindependententities.6.AccordingtoWillSelf,inEngland,becauseoftheProtestantvalue,thinkingistakenasawayofidleness,sotheyshouldn’tthink.7.Dreammakestheworldgoround.Dreamcanbringmorebrilliantideasandimagesofthedaytothewriters,filmmakers,andscientists,becauseatnightinthedreamtheirmindsaremostactivetocomeupwithcreativethings.8.Dreamsandidlenesshaveacloserelationshipwitheachother,andbothofthemareproducedinone’srelaxedstateofmind.Andapersonisnotsomuchidlewhenhecanreconciletherealitywithhisdreamyworld.Keytotranslationexercises.1.盡管酸雨形成的原因有很大的爭議，但大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為是燒煤的發(fā)電廠、工廠和汽車所釋放的二氧化硫和一氧化氮轉(zhuǎn)化為硫酸鹽和硝酸鹽的結(jié)果。硫酸鹽和硝酸鹽與空氣中的濕氣結(jié)合時便變成酸，以酸雨的形式降到地上。2.對土地的破壞將會增加，因為更多的道路和高速公路使地上鋪上瀝青；巨型露地開采機(jī)為尋找更多的煤而使土地受到剝奪；為騰出更多空間造更多的房屋，做更多的垃圾堆積場，地面上的天然植被被鏟除了。3.所有商用鋼鐵都以其含鐵為主要成分，但由于碳及其他元素含量的不同、鋼鐵冶煉方法的不同以及加工過程的不同，從而改變了它們的特性，以致于有多種不同的鋼鐵，其中有些鋼鐵的特性極不相同，看上去就像不同的金屬一樣。4.礦物油很滑，因而被用作潤滑油。兩個金屬外表相擦?xí)r會產(chǎn)生摩擦和熱，但如果它們被一層薄薄的油膜隔開，摩擦和熱便會減少。任何機(jī)械，如果不給以正常潤滑，都無法長時間運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。用作此目的的油必須稠度適宜，如果過稀，就不能起到足夠的潤滑作用，而如果過稠，就不能分布到必須潤滑的所有局部。5.信息時代的技術(shù)并不如業(yè)內(nèi)人士所宣稱的那樣“干凈、無污染〞，這一點(diǎn)早已為人們所知，但在溫文爾雅的高科技領(lǐng)域，這個問題卻很少談及。每生產(chǎn)一臺個人計算機(jī)就會產(chǎn)生139磅Unit3KeystoExercisesI.ReadingComprehension1.Bodyandmindhealtharelinkedwitheachotherbyexercise.2.Regularexerciseimprovesyourmood,decreasesanxiety,improvessleep,improvesresilienceinthefaceofstressandraisesself-esteem.3.Thebloodandenergysupplytothebrainimproves.Thegenesinnervecellssignaltheproductionofproteinscalledneurotrophicfactorsorgrowthfactors.4.Exerciseprobablyrelievesandlikelyalsopreventsdepressionthroughthesamemechanismasantidepressants,whichspurnervegrowthinhippocampus.5.ExerciseinducedanincreaseintheproductionofneuropeptideY(NPY)andbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)inthehippocampus.6.Motivationisunergeneticcontrol.Howgoodajobyourbraindoesatmanagingyouractivityisgeneticallydetermined.7.Exercisehasbeendemonstratedsoeffectiveatreducinghealthriskswithsofewadverseeffectsthatitshouldbeaneasysell.8.Itwantstoprovethatthedegreeofmoodimprovementandtheperceptionofexertionispartlydeterminedbytheformofone’sBDNFgene.9.Themostimportantthingisyourabilitytosustainanexerciseroutine.Becausetheresearchindicatesthatifyoucanstickwithanyprogramforatleasttwomonths,you’regivingyourselfthebestchancetofeelbetter.Youdon’thavetoinvestmuchandcareaboutthetypeofexercise.10.Theauthorsuggeststhatthosepeopleshouldpicturehealthynervecellsplumpingandsproutingandhopescientistswillsoonfindgentlenudgethatwillhelpyoufeellikeexerciseandkeepyoumoving.II.Vocabulary1.vulnerable2.antidote3.adverse4.identical5.integrity6.hasbeensluggish7.induced8.prerequisite9.robust10.spurringIII.Phrases1.equalto2.endedup3.keepsmeonmytoes4.isincharge5.hasgivenriseto6.wasassignedto7.inresponseto8.wereinvovledinIV.Errordetectionandcorrection1.fixture改為afixture2.not改為notonly/notmerely3.success改為succession4.adapt改為adaptto5.Regarding改為Given6.Strippingout改為Stripout7.liveupwith改為liveupto8.have改為having9.sit改為sitting10.Except改為ExceptforV.Cloze1.self-conscious2.excessively3.worrisome4.unattractive5.adversely6.reactions7.profound8.sensitive9.inferiority10.compliments11.respond12.while13.eliminated14.since15.impossibleKeytotranslationpractice1.Consideringthelargepopulation,limitedper-capitaresourcesandshortageoffundsinChina,ourexportshouldfocusonproductsoffurtherprocessing,finishingprocessingandwithhighaddedvalue.2．PresidentNixon’svisittoourcountryattheinvitationoftheChineseGovernmentprovidestheleadersofthetwocountrieswithanopportunityofmeetinginpersontoseekthenominalizationofrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesandalsotoexchangeviewsonquestionsofconcerntothetwosides.ThisisapositivemoveinconformitywiththedesireoftheChineseandAmericanpeoplesandaneventunprecedentedinthehistoryoftherelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.3.Astheresultofaweakeconomicbasecausedbyhundredsofyearsofcolonialexploitation,andofmanyunfavorableexternalfactorsforAfricandevelopmentcausedbylackoffundamentalchangestotheunjustandunequitableinternationaleconomicorderleftoverfromthepast,AfricaneconomyasawholeremainsinhardtimeandthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeAfricawillattaineconomicprosperity.4.科學(xué)家們對煤的形成有確信無疑的了解，然而當(dāng)我們向他們問及石油的起源時，他們似乎就不那么有把握了。他們認(rèn)為，地表之下的油起源于遙遠(yuǎn)的過去，并且是由海洋生物形成的。無數(shù)億個海洋微小的動植物繁衍生息并沉至海底。它們被沉積的厚厚淤泥所覆蓋，并且由于化學(xué)變化、壓力和溫度等過程的作用，經(jīng)過漫長的年代變成了我們現(xiàn)在所知道的石油。這些生物要變成石油，必須密封在巖石層中極其漫長的時間。TextBSoccerGetsSexyKeytoComprehension1.SoccerhasfoundawaytosellitselftoAmericanwomen.ThatistosayattractivesportsmenturnAmerican,specificallyAmericanwomenintosoccerfans.2.Americanwomenhavegrownupplayingthegamejustliketheguysandwantpinupsintheirlockers.Thegameismarketed.3.ThatkindofsexappealisbeingusedtosellthesportitselftoAmericans.MajorLeagueSoccer’sTVadsdubthemselves“ALessoninPassion.〞Onesegment,entitled“StripteaseLessons,〞hasfootballerstriumphantlybaringtheirripplingcheststoburlesquemelodiesworthyof“TheFullMonty.〞4.Soccertraditionalistsfindallthisalittlehardtoaccept.5.Hooligansturnedthebleachersintobattlegroundsinthe1980s.6.Tenyearslater,soccerbecomesfashionablebecausemoreandmorewomenareinterestedinit.7.Whenwomenwatchmenonthesoccerfield,theyarewatchingagametheyknowfromtheinside.Andtheycanreadnotonlythemoves,butthefaces,oftheplayers.8.Besidesplayingsoccer,heisprettyandcharmingsohecanshowhissexappealinadvertisement.Keytotranslationpractice1.Consideringthelargepopulation,limitedper-capitaresourcesandshortageoffundsinChina,ourexportshouldfocusonproductsoffurtherprocessing,finishingprocessingandwithhighaddedvalue.2．PresidentNixon’svisittoourcountryattheinvitationoftheChineseGovernmentprovidestheleadersofthetwocountrieswithanopportunityofmeetinginpersontoseekthenominalizationofrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesandalsotoexchangeviewsonquestionsofconcerntothetwosides.ThisisapositivemoveinconformitywiththedesireoftheChineseandAmericanpeoplesandaneventunprecedentedinthehistoryoftherelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.3.Astheresultofaweakeconomicbasecausedbyhundredsofyearsofcolonialexploitation,andofmanyunfavorableexternalfactorsforAfricandevelopmentcausedbylackoffundamentalchangestotheunjustandunequitableinternationaleconomicorderleftoverfromthepast,AfricaneconomyasawholeremainsinhardtimeandthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeAfricawillattaineconomicprosperity.4.科學(xué)家們對煤的形成有確信無疑的了解，然而當(dāng)我們向他們問及石油的起源時，他們似乎就不那么有把握了。他們認(rèn)為，地表之下的油起源于遙遠(yuǎn)的過去，并且是由海洋生物形成的。無數(shù)億個海洋微小的動植物繁衍生息并沉至海底。它們被沉積的厚厚淤泥所覆蓋，并且由于化學(xué)變化、壓力和溫度等過程的作用，經(jīng)過漫長的年代變成了我們現(xiàn)在所知道的石油。這些生物要變成石油，必須密封在巖石層中極其漫長的時間。Unit4Keytoexercises:I.Comprehension1.TheNewWorldreferstoAmerica.Opportunityiswhatthe2.No,becauseAmericaisalreadyamiddle-agedcountrynotpossessingasmanyopportunitiesasbefore.Thisisanaturalconsequenceofgrowingold.3.Pessimismvieswithvitalityforcommandofthenationalconsciousness.4.ThestiffeningofAmerica’ssocioeconomicsinewsismoreadvancedthantheculture,evenworsethanthescholarswhomonitorithadhithertounderstood;worsethanmanyolder,weariercountries.5.Idlenessandincompetencearesternlypunishedbutmeritsgetrewarded.Yourclassbackgroundwillneitherpropyouupnorholdyouback.Ifyoudeservetosucceed,youwill.6.ThefindingisnotthatintergenerationaleconomicmobilityhasfallensinceWorldWarII---thestudiespointtonocleartrend.7.Theresultisthatrichchildrenstayrichandpoorchildrenstaypoor.8.TherealfocusofanyefforttorestoresocialandeconomicopportunityinAmericaoughttobeladdersoutofpoverty.II.Vocabulary1.immigrant2.hazard3.tentative4.impotent5.weary6.succeeding7.rigid8.relieve9.persist10.diminishIII.Phrases1.holdback2.aslongas3.borneout4.asidefrom5.propup6.pointto7.ingeneral8.hasrootinIV.ErrorCorrection1.have改為haveof2.appear改為appearing3.passive改為active4.find改為found5.give改為gives6.it改為they7.is去掉8.happiness改為embarrassment9.assumed改為assuming10.source改為rescourceV.Cloze1.articulated2.want3.celebrate4.urban5.breaking6.increased7.paradoxes8.poverty9.hunger10.sufficiently11.minimal12.distribution13.essence14.crash15.summonTextBPowervsPovertyKeytoComprehension1.Theglobalfoodpricecrisisisexposingfrighteninglevelsofvulnerabilityinpoornationsaroundtheworld.2.a.Botswanahastoimport90percentofitsfood.b.Botswanaisalandlockedstatewithasmallpopulationandanaridlandscape.c.Botswanahasahighdependenceondiamonds-thevery"curseofwealth"thathasdestabilisedmanyotherAfricancountries.d.Independentin1966,ithadjusttwosecondaryschoolsand12kmofpavedroad,andreliedontheUKforhalfofgovernmentrevenues.3.ThesecretofBotswana'ssuccessliesinpolitics.Thecountry'selitecomefromasingledominantethnicgroup(theBatswana)whosegovernancesystems,emphasisingbroadconsultationandconsensus-building,emergedlargelyunscathedfromcolonialism.4.TheworsedeprivationandsufferingnowarenotOrwellianinnature.Theyexistwherestatesareweak:halfofallchildrenwhodiebeforetheageoffiveliveinstatesdefinedas"fragile".5.a.efficientgovernmentandrisingGDPpercapitab.successfullytacklingpoverty,esp.thepowerlessstateofthepoorbybuildingdemocracyandactivecitizenship6.Manyofthecountriesthathavehadactivecitizensandbeenrunefficientlyhavealreadyceasedtobepooranddisappearedoffthedevelopmentradar.7.Thoseorganizationsholdthateconomicpolicyisking,andpoliticsisoftenseenasanirritatingprocessthroughwhichunworthyindividualsusetheirpowertounraveltheplansofwiseeconomists.Thepolicyof"gettingthepricesright"requiresthestatetogetoutofeconomicmanagement,freeingthestageforthetrueheroesofdevelopment:theentrepreneurs.Butallabovehasn'tworked.8.Becausecharitylaw,missionandbitterexperienceshoulddissuadethemfrombecomingmeresupportgroupsforanypoliticalpartyinagivendevelopingcountry.Instead,theyhavetopromoteempowermentwithoutbecomingpoliticised.Itisafinelinetotread,butitiseminentlyfeasible.Keytotranslationexercises1.①aid②head③body④fall⑤show⑥ban⑦jail⑧arms⑨ease⑩top2.①海法地區(qū)法院周四宣布，前以色列足協(xié)主席利維攻擊記者罪成立。②一些人事經(jīng)理抱怨，他們在這兒面試過的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生中，不少人都眼高手低/好高騖遠(yuǎn)/本領(lǐng)只有“二星級〞，心氣兒倒有“五星級〞。③路透社：周一公布的一項民意測驗顯示，如果基地組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人本·拉登被證實有罪，然后被判死刑，五分之一的美國人愿意花錢觀看電視直播拉登被處決。④華盛頓：五角大樓昨日宣稱，一架美空軍F-16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)在伊拉克南部禁飛區(qū)被電子跟蹤后，向伊一雷達(dá)基地發(fā)射了導(dǎo)彈。⑤國際貨幣基金組織〔IMF〕表示，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)在遭受去年美國9·11時間的重創(chuàng)后，開始迅速上升，大大高于期望值。IMF的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家肯尼斯·羅戈夫說，如果美國沒有大規(guī)模地降低利率和稅收來提高美國人民的消費(fèi)能力，去年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的下滑將會更加嚴(yán)重。這又一次證明，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的引擎。UnitFiveKeytoExercisesI.Comprehension1.Theauthor’spurposeistoproposeapreliminaryoutlineforaviewofevilderivedfromhumanistphilosophyandbehavioralscience,ratherthanfromtraditionalreligiouspreconceptions.Andhisbasicassumptionisthattherecanbenogenuineunderstandingofgoodnessinhumanbehaviorunlesswealsounderstandevil.2.Neithergoodnorevilexistoutsidethehumanpersonality.3.Thetwoessentialdispositionsforactionare:onethatenhanceshumanlife,andtheotherthatdestroyslife.4.Ourdestructivepotentialarisesfromafundamentaldesireforself-preservation–toprotectourselvesfrommaterialdeprivationortheharmothersmightcauseus,whetherphysicaloremotional;ourcreativepotentialarisesfromourhumanabilitytoempathizewithothers,tofeelcareandconcernandadesiretonurtureandhelp.5.Thecommonwaysofdealingwithone’sdestructivepotentialaredenial,projectionanddisplacement.6.Self-righteousideologistsclassifypeopleintogoodlikethemselvesand“evil〞likeallothers.7.FormanyAmericans,the“evilempire〞ofthecommunistswasaprojectivemirrorofAmericandesireforworlddominationandtoprotectAmericanprideandpower.8.Displacementisamentalprocessinwhichweuseotherpeoplelikelighteningrodsforourfrustrationsandfears.9.Childrenwhoaremorelikelytogrowintosociopathsarethoseinpoverty-stricken,brokenanddrug-infestedhomeswhoreceiveinsufficientparentalcareandnurturance,andhavenoinhibitionsorguiltaboutviolentaggression.10.Creativecompensationmeanschannelingpeople’sdestructivepotentialtowardcreativegoals,specificallybyturningtheirenergiestowardlivesofpeace-makingorthepursuitofsocialjustice,byhelpingothersinneed,orthroughartisticactivity.II.Vocabulary1.assuage2.reminiscent3.articulate4.impoverished5.preliminary6.prerequisite7.preconceptions8.malicious9.inculcated10.fosterIII.Phrases1.givingriseto2.infestedwith3.abatteryof4.are(deeply)embeddedin5.aroseoutof 6.inthelightof7.spiedon8.is(powerfully)committedtoIV.Errordetectionandcorrection1.tosee改為tobeseen2.wouldhavebeen改為wouldbe3.their改為its4.affect改為affects5.themoreonehaschildren改為themorechildrenonehas6.comfortably改為comfortable7.suspicious改為suspiciousof8.liesinnot改為liesnotin9.therefore改為that10.neitherofthem改為neitherofwhichV.Cloze1.pose 2.evidence 3.purely4.believe 5.dismiss 6.source7.back 8.alive 9.cite10.convinced 11.newspaper 12.condition13.rumor 14.information 15.investigationKeytoComprehension1.AccordingtoRussell,afreethinkerisapersonwhoholdshisbeliefs,whatevertheyare,simplybecause,aftercarefulthought,hefindsabalanceofevidenceintheirfavor,howeveroddhisconclusionsmayseem;accordingtomostdictionaries,however,afreethinkerissimplyonewhohasrejectedauthorityanddogma,particularlyinreligiousthinking,infavorofrationalinquiry.2.TaoismandConfucius,mergedwithasystemofsocialregimentation,madeChina’sstateideology.3.FreethinkingideasbecamearegularpartofEuropeanhistoryduringtheGoldenAgeofAthens.4.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,initsearlyhistory,wasaproductoftheEuropeanEnlightenmentinthesensethatfreethinkersfiguredprominentlyinthenation’searlyhistoryandthatfreethoughtwentontobecomeavitalpartofAmericanculture.5.TocorrectlyunderstandAmericancultureandhistory,onehastounderstandthefreethoughtmovement.6.Ithelpedpromotecompletechurch-stateseparation.7.Ratherthanjustasetofabstractphilosophicalideasorcritiquesofreligion,freethoughtisandalwayshasbeenacommitmenttosocialchangeandsocialaction,havingaprofoundandpositiveimpactontheadvancementofcivilization.Keytotranslationexercises1.①士兵薪水劇增⑥足球開踢，拳打腳踢②城市雖小，影響空前⑦日本〔情侶〕蜂擁美利堅，〔牧師面前〕誓言“我愿意〞③誓將守口如瓶⑧繁榮過后，盡是蕭條/繁榮不在，蕭條即來。④回憶中的前瞻⑨俄羅斯改革：新瓶裝舊酒/換湯不換藥⑤中東—恐怖主義的搖籃⑩軍用飛機(jī)用于疏散工作2.據(jù)悉，此輪中東談判毫無結(jié)果。3.本報記者自紐約報道，北京雜技團(tuán)在這里的精彩表演，場場贏得滿堂喝彩。4.值得一提的是，歐洲大陸的政治領(lǐng)袖們都采取親美政策，而參與游行的民眾們的反美情緒，在聯(lián)合國軍橫掃伊拉克之后卻絲毫未減。薩科齊和默克爾的舉動使得他們和其前任希拉克和施羅德看上去根本生活在兩個世紀(jì)，薩科齊試圖恢復(fù)兩國自美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭以來就建立起來的友誼，而默克爾，作為世界第一出口大國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，也支持和美國一起實施德國官員所謂的“更大規(guī)模的共同市場〞。5.ItisreportedthatShanghaihasofficiallybidforthe2023WorldExposition.Unlikeatradefairintheusualsense,participantsintheWorldExpositionaremainlygovernmentsofvariouscountriesandinternationalorganizations.TheWorldExpositionisanarenafortheparticipatingcountriestodisplaytheachievementsandprospectsintheirsocial,economic,culturalandtechnicalsectorsandagrandeventwherepeoplefromvariouscountriesgathertogethertoexchangeexperiences,learnfromoneotherandenterintocooperation.Knownasthe“economic,technologicalandculturalOlympicGames,〞theWorldExpositionisheldeveryfiveyears.SinceitsinceptioninLondonin1851,theWorldExpositionhasbeeninvariablyheldindevelopedcountries.IfShanghaiwinsthebidthistime,ChinawillbethefirstdevelopingcountrytohosttheWorldExposition,andthethemeofthe2023WorldExpositionwillbe“BetterCity,BetterLifeWith“City〞asthetheme,theWorldExpositionwillhaveuniversalsignificance.Countries,bigorsmall,developedordeveloping,maydisplaytheirrespectiveachievementsinthedevelopmentofcities,andtheywillalsoabletolearnusefulexperienceincitydevelopmentfromtheexhibitionofothercountries.UnitSixKeytoExercisesI.Comprehension1.Theheighteneddangersofprotectionismhavebeenuniversallyrecognizedamongeconomicofficials,economistsorglobalbusinessleaders.2.Becauserichandpoornationsfoughtovercontentiousissueslikeagriculture.3.Unlikecrisesinfinance,tradeproblemsareslowtoemerge,butoncethemomentumbegins,thetrendtakesyearstoreverse.4.BecausetheWTO'spermissiblelimitsontariffslevelareoftenmuchhigherthantheactualtariffsthatcountrieshaveimposedinrecentyears.5.Butthemostdangeroustradeconflictsmaystemnotfromwranglingovertraditionalsubsidiesortariffs,butfromthenewfiscalstimulusplansbeinglaunchedaroundtheworldtocountertheeconomicdownturn.6.TheythreatenedtokickoffseriousnegotiationswithChinathatcould,ifunsuccessful,leadtotradesanctions.ThiswasamuchharderlineagainstChinathantheBushadministrationfollowed.7.Sincethe1950s,theU.S.hasledthechargefordismantlingglobaltradebarriers.Yet,Obamaseemedambivalentaboutthislegacy.Now,withtradetensionssuretorise,thepresidentmustchangehistuneandbecomeagloballeader.8.Thebankingcrisiscombinedwithdeterioratinggrowthcoulddealabodyblowtoglobalization.Atradewarwouldbethecoupdegrace.II.Vocabulary1.endorsements2.confrontation3.debacle4.tariffs5.boycott6.Heretofore7.escalated8.retaliation9.palpable10.layof