外研新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選修六Module Cloning（全國(guó)一等獎(jiǎng)）

Thesubjunctivemood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣Part2

insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!二.

名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二.

名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：suggest,propose,recommend,demand,request,require,command,order,insist,desire,urge等。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist(堅(jiān)決要求)

兩個(gè)命令：order;command

三個(gè)建議：suggest,advise,propose

四個(gè)要求：demand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，shoul可省略。

賓語(yǔ)從句我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)持要我與他同行。他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時(shí)完成。Wesuggested___________________.Heinsisted_________________________.Theyrequested(that)Tom

_________________________________.(that)Tom

havearest(that)I(should)go

withhim(should)besenttoworkthereTheteacherasked(that)ourhomework

_________________________________.(should)befinished

intime2.這些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用shoulddoItissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestion

thatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Itisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded…that…(should)doThe/one’sinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire

is/wasthat…(should)doa/thesuggestion

/request(等)

that…(should)do…Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建議”

或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2．Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3．Hesuggestedthatwe

________(have)ameetingatonce.4．Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas例(2010·福建，29)Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn’tallowD．couldn’tallow解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。recommend后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”，因此A項(xiàng)正確。答案：AIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

(should)

becarriedoutatonce.Theoldwoman’sdemandisthat

herson(should)cometoseeheronceaweek.Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory(should)becloseddown.

在“Itis/was+某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞+that從句”句型中,that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”,表示驚奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿等。這些形容詞有:important,necessary,essential,natural,strange,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,surprising;過(guò)去分詞有:desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposed,decided等。3、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It

做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行

Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.有人建議會(huì)議應(yīng)推遲到下周。Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.他那樣對(duì)待自己的父母很奇怪。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.她竟然沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng),真是奇怪。Itisstrangethatsheshouldn’thavebeeninvited.注意：以下句式也可以用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。很奇怪他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)。

It’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.很可惜你沒(méi)有跳舞。It’sapitythatyoudidn’tdance.3.wish的賓語(yǔ)從句wish的賓語(yǔ)從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:

過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:

would/could/might+V.原

IwishI

_____

(be)

astallasYaoMing.wereIwish/wishedI

______(havenot)

eatensomuchwatermelon.hadn’tIwishit

______

(will)

raintomorrow.

Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.wouldHewisheshe___________________(become)ascientistsomeday.could/wouldbecome我希望和你一樣高。IwishIwereastallasyou.

他希望他沒(méi)講那樣的話。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.我希望明天下雨就好了。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.wishtodowishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型與固定句式:1

．

wouldrather(that)

寧愿，但愿sbdid…與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況相反sbhaddone…

與過(guò)去情況相反Iwouldratheryou

returned

memymoneynow.

Iwouldratherwe

hadn’ttold

herthebadnews.Iwouldratheryou

came

tomorrow.2.asif/asthough思考：asif/asthough后面的句子是主句還是從句？Hebehavesasifhe________(own)

thehouse.owned1).從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(可以理解成與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hebehavesasifhe______(be)

theownerofthehouse.wereShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe

__________

(be)thereherself.hadbeen2).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前(可以理解成與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)Hecoughed(咳嗽)twiceasifsomeonewouldcome.

他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。3).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后(可以理解成與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)Shelovesthebabyasifit_____herownson.Itseemsasifit_______spring.Irememberthewholethingasifit_____________yesterday.Theytalkedasifthey____________friendsforyears.Helooksasifhe_______drunk.werewere

hadhappened

hadbeenwere在look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“asif/though”引導(dǎo)的從句，當(dāng)表示真實(shí)情況時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣；否則就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itseemsasifitwerealreadyspring.好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.他們好像彼此認(rèn)識(shí)。(真實(shí)情況)3.Itis(high/about)time

(that)“是時(shí)候…...(做某事)”

注意:should不能省略．

sb.didsb.shoulddo是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你該走了。It’s(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.例：It’shightimethegovernment____measurestohelpthegraduates.A．takes B．tookC．willtake D．hastaken解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句式Itbe(about/high)time接從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。答案：B4.在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理應(yīng)此的)/important…

+thatsb.(should)do1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加party。

It’s_______thatshe_______________tocometotheparty.3).鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上安歇/休息是很自然的。

Itis______thatabird_______________intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest3、Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)

IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!要是我是一只飛鳥(niǎo)多好！LookatthetroubleIamin.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!看看現(xiàn)在我的困境，要是我接受你的建議就好了IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:

過(guò)去完成時(shí)Ifonly例(2010·東北三校聯(lián)考)—Whydoyoulooksoupset?—Ibrokeupwithmygirlfriend.IfonlyI________moreabouther.A．care B．caredC．hadcared D．hadbeencared解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haddone的形式。答案：C5.evenif(eventhough)即使；盡管

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6

．

incase,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

在incase,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，也可用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過(guò)去式。Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.

他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了?？偨Y(jié)

wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly表虛擬時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)是：時(shí)態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句四.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬

1．本想/打算做某事卻沒(méi)做

2．本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做

3．本不該做某事卻做了

4．本能夠做某事卻沒(méi)做

5．寧愿過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做

6．最好過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做

7．本不必做某事卻做了

wouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneedn’thavedone

musthavedonemighthavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedone過(guò)去肯定發(fā)生了…過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了…過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生…五.可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.ifinsist/suggest各有兩種意思，用不同的語(yǔ)氣insist:“堅(jiān)決/持要求”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即shoulddo;insist:“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”用陳述語(yǔ)氣suggest:“建議”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陳述語(yǔ)氣1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_____(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_____________(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)偷鉆石，應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadn’tstolen

asif/asthoughWhen

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,it

looks

as

if

itwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.If引導(dǎo)的條件句a.if真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.if虛擬條件句

表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Exercise判斷是否虛擬2.判斷虛擬類型3.判斷虛擬時(shí)間Pass!虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)試對(duì)策A

C

C

B

A

B

B

B

C

A

返回Choosethebestanswer:1．Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A．could B．can C．should D．would２．Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A．befinishedB．willfinish C．mustbefinished3．He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegiven B．mightgive

C．mayhavegiven4．WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A．wouldbe B．hasbeen C．shouldbe D．wasCAAA5．HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.A．hadbeen

B．hasbeen

C．was

D．hasgone6．Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A．did;set

B．haddone;shouldbeset

C．shoulddo;beset

D．haddone;mustbeset7．Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A．a(chǎn)re

B．were

C．wouldbe

D．wouldhavebeen8．You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A．would

B．shouldhave

C．may

D．haveBBCA1．（2010高考英語(yǔ)江蘇卷）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A

．focus B．focusedC

．wouldfocus D．hadfocused【答案】B【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。wouldrather后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。2．（2010高考英語(yǔ)上海卷）---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn’tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A

．must B

．mustn’tC

．should D．shouldn’t【答案】C【解析】本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用should+have+過(guò)去分詞。本來(lái)應(yīng)該做，而未做。3.（2010高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷）HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

.A．wouldhavebeensaved B．hadbeensavedC．willbesaved D．wassaved【答案】A【解析】原形是：IfIhadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

.故選擇A。4．（2010高考英語(yǔ)天津卷）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe

meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A

．shouldtellB

．tellsC

．toldD

．hadtold【答案】D【解析】主從句都是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事實(shí)的一種意愿表達(dá)，從句采用havedone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。5．（2010高考英語(yǔ)陜西卷）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A

．take B．hadtakenC

．took D．havetaken【答案】B【解析】主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式mighthavearrived可知題干是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反選B。6．（2010高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷）Ifhe

myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A．followed B．shouldfollow C．hadfollowed D．wouldfollow【答案】C7

．（2010高考英語(yǔ)北京卷）--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables______.A

．wouldn’tdie B．didn’tdieC

．hadn’tdied D．wouldn’thavedied【答案】D【解析】表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故主句用would/could/might/should+havedone，即D項(xiàng)正確。1．(2011北京)MaybeifI

science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A．studiedB．wouldstudyC．hadstudiedD．wasstudying【答案與解析】C句意：如果我當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)的理科而不是文科，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，if引導(dǎo)的從句用had+過(guò)去分詞。2．(2011陜西)I

throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A．couldn’thavegoneB．didn’tgoC．wouldn’tgoD．hadn’tgone【答案與解析】A句意：如果沒(méi)有你的慷慨相助的話，我不可能熬過(guò)那段艱苦的日子。withoutyourgeneroushelp相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句ifithadn’tbeenforyourgeneroushelp，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn’thavedone結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“本不可能”。3．(2011福建)--Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.--I

it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A．a(chǎn)ttended

B．hadattendedC．wouldattend

D．wouldhaveattended【答案與解析】D句意：“很可惜,你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次有關(guān)核污染的演講?！薄拔冶緛?lái)要參加，但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試?！备鶕?jù)but后面的內(nèi)容可知，設(shè)空處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用wouldhavedone。4．(2011北京)—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey

alwayslate.A．weren’t

B．hadn’tbeenC．wouldn’tbe

D．wouldn’thavebeen【答案與解析】A句意：“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他們徹底破壞了?！薄拔蚁Ｍ麄儾灰偸沁t到?！北绢}考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5．(2011江西)We

John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A．willput

B．willhaveputC．wouldput

D．wouldhaveput【答案與解析】D句意：要不是John最近受了傷，我們昨天就把他的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知，設(shè)空處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞”?！?012江西卷】22．We

haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.A．maynot B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t答案：B考點(diǎn)：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法解析：maynot不可以，needn’t不需要，can’t不可能，mustn’t絕不可能。本句句意為：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯，所以我們就不需要買這么多食物?！?012重慶卷】25．-____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?-SorrySir,butit’surgent.A．Can B．ShouldC．Must D．Would【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法【答案】C【解析】句意：“--你現(xiàn)在一定要打斷我嗎？難道你不能看到我在打電話嗎？--對(duì)不起，先生，事情很急?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項(xiàng)?！倦y度】一般【2012四川卷】9．IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI____doinChina.A．must B．mightC．can D．should【答案與解析】B本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：我靠他們足夠的近以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)，而且我會(huì)像我在中國(guó)可能做的那樣說(shuō)“你好”。might表示“可能”。故選B?！?012全國(guó)II】17．I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI_______findthemoney.A．canB．mightC．wouldD．need【答案】A

【解析】此處考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去歐洲度假，如果我能找到錢?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法?！?012全國(guó)新課程】30．I

useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A．couldn’t B．mustn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t【答案】D

【解析】此處考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，needn’t+動(dòng)詞原形表示：沒(méi)有必要做某事。句意：我沒(méi)有必要用鬧鐘喚醒我，因?yàn)槊刻煸缟?點(diǎn)火車都經(jīng)過(guò)我的房子。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。1．Iadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.A．finished B．finishingC．tofinish D．finish2．Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___berai