高考英語時態(tài)練習(xí)題及答案及高考英語短文改錯?？伎键c及歷年真題

PAGEPAGE11.Oh,dear.Iforgottheairtickets.You______something.A.haveleftB.arealwaysleavingC.areleavingD.alwaysleft2.I______sobusilyrecentlythatI______notimetohelpyouwithyourmath.That’sOK.Icanmanageitbymyself.A.havebeenworking;haveB.haveworked;hadC.amworking;willhaveD.hadbeenworking;hadhad3.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou______tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write4.He______atthemeeting,buthisheartattackpreventedhim.A.willspeakB.isgoingtospeakC.hadtospeakD.wasgoingtospeak5.Ibegyourpardon,butIdidn’tquitecatchyou.Oh,I______myself.A.amtalkingtoB.talkedaboutC.havetalkedtoD.wastalkingto6.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play7.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworking8.What______whenIphonedyou?I______mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finishedB.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinishedD.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinished9.Haveyoufinishedthereport？No.I______itallthisweek.A.willdoB.haddoneC.havedoneD.havebeendoing10.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You______yoursweaterinsideout.

A.hadwornB.woreC.werewearingD.arewearing11.We______thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.I’msorry.I______tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected;hadintendedB.areexpecting;hadintendedC.expect;intendD.expected;intend12.Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty!Mum,I______mystoreroomdownstairs.A.cleanedB.havecleanedC.wascleaningD.havebeencleaning13.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey______moneytobuyanewhouse.A.saveB.aresavingC.havesavedD.weresaving14.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit______evenbetter.A.getsB.gotC.hasgotD.isgetting15.Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI______myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet16.Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.Really?Where______?A.hasshebeenB.hadshebeenC.hasshegoneD.hadshegone17.IknowMr.Brown;we______toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroducedB.arebeenintroducedC.wereintroducedD.hadbeenintroduced18.Wheredoyouthink______he______thecomputer?Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has;boughtB.不填;boughtC.did;buyD.不填;buys19.Don’tbothertolookformydictionaryit______someday.A.turnsupB.hasturnedupC.willturnupD.isgoingtoturnup20.WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset,which______inShanghai?Well,Idon’tcareaboutsuchthings.A.wasmadeB.ismadeC.hasbeenmadeD.hadbeenmade21.Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistened22.Theplane______at7:00pm,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.A.hasleftB.wouldleaveC.willhaveleftD.leaves23.Thetrain___atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainatabout

nineo’clocktonight.A.wentB.isgoingC.goesD.willbegoing24.IusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______coffee.A.preferB.preferredC.hadpreferredD.ampreferring25.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______toolong.A.hadbeencookedB.werecookedC.havecookedD.cooked26.Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?OfcourseIdo.You______inthelibrary.A.werereadingB.hadreadC.havereadD.read27.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI______thecloth______well.A.havetold;washesB.havebeentold;washesC.wastold;washedD.havebeentold;iswashed28.IsTomstillsmoking?No.BynextSaturdayhe______forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.A.willbeB.willhavegoneC.willhavebeenD.hasbeengoing29.______Bettythismorning?Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.A.HaveyouseenB.WillyouseeC.DoyouseeD.Didyousee?30.Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheard31.Lookattheblackclouds.It______soon.Sure.Ifonlywe______out.A.israining;didn’tcomeB.istorain;won’tstartC.willrain;haven’tstartedD.isgoingtorain;hadn’tcome32.He___articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe____aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswritten33.She______totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.A.hasnosoonergotB.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergotD.hadnosoonergot34.Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcome35.Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.No,I______.A.don’tB.doC.won’tD.will36.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI______.A.finishedwhatIwasdoingB.finishedwhatIdidC.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoingD.finishwhatIdid37.Youwon’tknowwhetherthecoatfitsyouuntilyou______iton.A.willtryB.havetriedC.triedD.aretrying38.Mydictionary______.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill______it.A.haslost;don’tfindB.ismissing;don’tfindC.haslost;haven’tfoundD.ismissing;haven’tfound39.______itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave40.HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered41.Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavour?Ofcourse.Whatisit?I______ifyoucouldtakemetothestation.A.wouldwonderB.didwonderC.waswonderingD.hadwondered42.Gotyourdrivinglicense?No.I______toobusytohaveenoughpractice,soIdidn’ttakethedrivingtestlastweek.I’mgoingtonextweek.A.wasB.havebeenC.amD.hadbeen43.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______tothefieldofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced44.Who’sthemanoverthere?It’sJack.Oh?______inItaly.A.Ithinkhe’sB.I’vethoughthe’sbeenC.IthoughthewasD.I’dthoughthe’dbeen45.Idroppedinatyourhouseatabouttenlastnight,butyouweren’tin.I______regularexercisesattheclub.A.didB.wasdoingC.haddoneD.havebeendoing46.Eachofthestudents,workinghardattheirlessons,______thebook.SohaveI.A.isreadingB.hasreadC.readingD.reads47.Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy,buteverynowandthenhe______acold.A.hascaughtB.iscatchingC.willcatchD.doescatch48.Itiswhentheplane______thatyou’dbetterfindoutatthebookingoffice.A.wouldtakeoffB.hadtakenoffC.wastakingoffD.istakingoff49.I’msorry,butthere’snosmokingonthisflight.Oh,I______that.Sorry,Iwon’tagain.A.don’tknowB.didn’tknowC.won’tknowD.haven’tknown50.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned

答案：1-5BADDD6-10DCDDD11-15ADBDC16-20BCBCB21-25BDDAA26-30ABBAD31-35DADCC36-40ABDDC41-45CDBCB46-50BDDBC高考英語短文改錯測試重點及分類解析第一章短文改錯測試重點及分類解析根據(jù)短文改錯的命題特點，我們可以按照以下四步進行備考快速練習(xí)。第一步：審題。通讀全文，了解大意。全面把握文章整體(時態(tài)、題材及內(nèi)容)。第二步：重讀全文，應(yīng)先確定一些明顯的錯誤，以便疏通短文，化繁為簡，為后面解題打開思路。許多問題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、句法到行文邏輯三方面著手，逐句而不是逐行地分析、找錯。第三步：綜觀全篇，看錯誤類型的比例是否得當(dāng)、前后邏輯是否一致、有無前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。第四步：認(rèn)真檢查，避免出現(xiàn)以下錯誤：符號不規(guī)范；一個詞改為幾個或幾個改為一個；該大寫的未大寫；合成詞只改了其中一部分等。下面，我們根據(jù)詞性不同，來對改錯題目進行分類解析。第一節(jié)名詞在短文改錯中見到名詞時，應(yīng)檢查是否有數(shù)、格及名詞前限定詞用法等錯誤。漢語中的名詞在形式上無復(fù)數(shù)變化，而是通過在名詞前加數(shù)詞來表示；英語則不同，除了在名詞前加數(shù)詞之外，如果是可數(shù)名詞，還應(yīng)將該名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。1.檢查句中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式是否符合句意。2.檢查句中有無可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的誤用。3.檢查句中有無所有格的誤用。4.檢查句中有無名詞前限定詞的誤用。練習(xí)請改正下列句子中的語法錯誤，注意名詞的使用。1.Heisongoodtermwithme.2.Heisagenerousfellow,andwillsoonmakefriendwithyouagain.3.Hisopinionisconsideredtobegreatvalue.4.Hesenthisdaughtertoagirl’shighschool.5.Givemethreespoonfulofsugar.6.HiseyesareasblueasaScandinavian.7.Afewpeopleslivetobeahundredyearsold.8.AuntMaryreturnedhomeaftertenyear’sabsence.9.Heisafriendofmybrother.10.Theobservationofthelawisthefirstdutyofeverycitizen.注釋1.term→terms,term的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示條件、關(guān)系，ongoodtermswith...意為“與……關(guān)系良好”。2.friend→friends,makefriendswith...與某人交朋友。3.begreatvalue→beofgreatvalue,value是名詞，beof+名詞=be+形容詞。即ofgreatvalue=greatlyvaluable。4.girl’s→girls’，女子高中是agirls’highschool。5.spoonful→spoonfuls,spoonful是可數(shù)名詞。6.scandinavian→Scandinavian’s。.7.peoples→people此處people作“人講”，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。8.year’s→years’。9.brother→brother’s應(yīng)是brother’sfriends,其后做了省略。10.observation→observance(遵守),observation意為觀察。第二節(jié)動詞的謂語形式一、謂語動詞的時態(tài)1.掌握各種時態(tài)的用法2.注意時態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào)一致1)在簡單句中，時態(tài)要與時間狀語一致。2)當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的謂語共用一個主語時，其時態(tài)要求一致。3)由并列連詞連接的兩個句子，時態(tài)上也要求一致。4)當(dāng)遇到賓語從句和間接引語時，若其主句是過去時，則在從句中也必須使用過去時。但是當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀事實和真理時，一般用一般現(xiàn)在時。5)與賓語從句一樣，主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句的時態(tài)也要求和主句的時態(tài)一致。6)定語從句和狀語從句也要與主句的時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)從句謂語表示的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生時，要用相同的時態(tài)。二、謂語動詞的語態(tài)1.檢查句子是否該用被動語態(tài)。2.檢查被動語態(tài)形式是否正確。3.檢查被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)與句中其他時態(tài)是否相呼應(yīng)，其數(shù)是否與其主語一致。三、謂語動詞的語氣虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表示說話人所說的話不是客觀存在的事實，而是一種與事實相反的愿望、可能、推測、建議、要求、假設(shè)或主觀的設(shè)想等。改錯時應(yīng)特別注意：1.虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用。2.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用。3.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用。四、情態(tài)動詞下列用法常是短文改錯的焦點：1.must表示“必須，不得不”時，其否定式是needn’t或donothaveto；mustnot則表示“不許，禁止”。2.need與dare既可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞；而作實義動詞時，若要構(gòu)成問句和否定句，就需要助動詞do/does/did。3.“can+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用在疑問句和否定句中，表示對過去的事情所作的推測。4.“could+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除用來表示對過去的事情所作的推測外，還可用來表示某事有可能在過去發(fā)生，但實際上并沒有發(fā)生。5.“may/might+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示對過去的事情所作的推測。(“可能已經(jīng)……了”)6.“must+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示對過去的事情所作的肯定判斷。(“……一定已經(jīng)……了吧”)7.“should/oughtto+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示過去應(yīng)做而未做的事，含有自責(zé)或責(zé)備的語氣。(“本來應(yīng)該……的”)8.“neednot+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示過去做了沒有必要做的事。(“本來不必……的”)練習(xí)1.Aftertheyhadchosethebookstheywishedtoread,theinstructortoldthemtheprincipalpointshewantedthemtonote.2.WhenIreachattheendofacigarette,mymoneyhasgoneupinsmoke.3.Theislandhaslittlevegetation(植被)，itscarcelyraisesabovethesurroundingsea.4.InourschooltheteacherswouldleavemoststudentsgooutearlyonFridayafternoonsbeforefootballgames.5.Ourswasthefirstgroupofswimmerswhohaddoveintothenewpool.6.Iwillliketoknowwhereyouwereborn.7.Iwouldlikeyoureaditagain.8.WhatwillyouliketodowhenyoufinishyourcourseatLeeds?9.Ihopeyoucanvisitmycountrysoon,becauseI’dtoshowyousomelf.thebeautifulplacesnearmyhome.10.Myfathermustn’thavesaidsuchathing.注釋1.hadchose→hadchosen.2.reachat→reach,reach是及物動詞。3.raisesabove→risesabove,raise是及物動詞，rise是不及物動詞。4.leave→let.5.haddove→haddived.6.will→would.7.youread→youtoread.wouldyoulike其后加不定式。8.will→would.9.I’dto→I’dlove/liketo.10.mustn’t→can’t，否定推測要用can’t或couldn’t,can’t+have+p.p.表示對過去事情否定推測。第三節(jié)動詞的非謂語形式一、動詞不定式1.不定式可作主語。2.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，一般要用不定式的被動式。但是在某些形容詞后面，即使是這樣，也不用被動式。3.某些動詞后面只能跟不定式作賓語。4.當(dāng)不定式作賓語，且后面又有賓語補足語時，通常用it作形式賓語來代替不定式，而把不定式后置。5.hadbetter,wouldratherthan等詞的后面只跟不帶to的不定式。6.動詞不定式的一般式表示它與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或在其后發(fā)生；其完成式則表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。但要注意動詞plan,expect,wish,intend,mean,want,would(should)like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原打算要做而最終未做成的事情。二、動詞的-ing形式改錯指導(dǎo)以下動詞只能跟-ing形式作賓語，不能跟不定式。如：advise,admit,avoid,allow,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,appreciate,imagine,include,mention,miss,prevent,quit,resist,risk,stand,suggest,understand等。三、過去分詞改錯指導(dǎo)注意下列幾組動詞的-ing形式和過去分詞之間的區(qū)別：surprising(令人吃驚的)，surprised(感到驚訝的)；interesting(令人感興趣的)，interested(感興趣的)；disappointing(令人失望的)，disappointed(感到失望的)；encouraging(令人鼓舞的)，encouraged(感到鼓舞的)練習(xí)1.Iwasusedtogotothecinemaonceaweek.2.Hehasneverbeenheardspeakillofothers.3.Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.4.Healwaysenjoystoreadadetectivestory.5.Hisfatherwouldnotlethimtogo.6.ItisdifficulttomakeyourselfunderstandinEnglish.7.Youshouldavoidtokeepcompanywithsuchpeople.8.Smilinggraciously,myofferwasacceptedbyhim.9.Youhadbetternottogothere.10.Thedoctoradvisedmegivinguptosmoke.注釋1.wasusedto→usedto，usedto+動詞原形表示過去的習(xí)慣，beusedto+名詞/動名詞表示習(xí)慣的持續(xù)。2.speak→tospeak，感觀動詞/使役動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，要將主動態(tài)時省去的“to”還原。3.say→said，said是過去分詞作補足語，而it是形式主語。4.toread→reading,enjoy其后只可加動名詞。5.togo→go,let是使役動詞，其后接不帶to的不定式作補足語。6.understand→understood,makeoneselfunderstood譯為“使別人了解自己的意圖即自己被別人理解”。7.tokeep→keeping，avoid其后加動名詞作賓語。8.myofferwasacceptedbyhim→heacceptedmyoffer，分詞短語smilinggraciously的動作執(zhí)行者是he，而不是myoffer。9.togo→go，hadbetter其后接動詞原形。10.givinguptosmoke→givingupsmoking,advisesb.todosth.,而giveup其后接動名詞或名詞。第四節(jié)形容詞與副詞在短文改錯中見到形容詞和副詞時，檢查句中是否誤把形容詞作副詞或誤把副詞用作形容詞，尤其是一些詞形完全一樣的形容詞與副詞。1.檢查句中形容詞與副詞的位置是否正確。2.若句中有系動詞，檢查其后跟的是形容詞還是副詞。3.檢查句中有無易混淆的形容詞的誤用和易混淆的副詞的誤用。4.檢查句中有無形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成錯誤。5.檢查句中有無形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級的使用錯誤。6.檢查并列結(jié)構(gòu)前后形容詞與副詞的級別是否對等。練習(xí)1.Hewasimpossibletofinditout.2.Youshouldberespectabletowardsyourteachers.3.Iamabsolutelyuncapabletotellalie.4.I’llbeconvenientnextSunday.5.Youmustmakeyourparentshappily.6.HelookeddifferentlyafterhisreturnfromEurope.7.Thenumberofgirlsisveryfew.8.Thisshirtiswool(l)en.9.Letasleepdogslie.10.Allthepresentstudentsmustcasttheirvotes.注釋1.impossible→unable.Impossible是非人稱形容詞，不可用來修飾人，或可用Itisimpossibleforhimtofinditout.2.respectable→respectful(恭敬的),respectable(可尊敬的)。3.uncapable→unable/uncapabletotell或incapableoftelling,capable的反義詞是incapable,beunableto+動詞原形，beincapableof+doing(沒有能力做)。4.I’llbeconvenientnextSunday→NextSundaywillbeconvenienttome,convenient是非人稱形容詞。5.happily→happy,這里是賓語+賓語補足語。6.differently→different,look是感觀動詞，其后要用形容詞修飾其主語。7.few→small，主語Thenumber(表示數(shù)目)用small/large表示大小。8.iswoolen→(made)ofwool,該句還可寫為“Thisisawoolenshirt.”woolen只可用作定語，不可用作表語。9.asleep→sleeping,asleep是睡熟的，不可用作定語。Letsleepingdogslie.(勿惹是生非，勿打草驚蛇)。10.thepresentstudents→thestudentspresent(出席的學(xué)生),thepeasantstudents(現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生)。第五節(jié)冠詞1.檢查有無兩個不定冠詞之間的誤用。2.檢查有無定冠詞不定冠詞之間的誤用。3.檢查有無漏用冠詞的情況。4.檢查有無錯用冠詞的情況。練習(xí)1.LastSundaywewenttoschooltoplaybasketball.2.Platoleftbehindhimaviewoftheuniversesetforthinhisdialogueinanuniquecombinationoflogicanddrama.3.Ihavereadainterestingstory.4.Whatkindofabookdoyouhave?5.You’reinright;it’snotyourfault.6.Themostofusareflatteredwhenwereceiveacompliment.7.Whyareyouathomeinsuchafineweather?8.HewaselectedtheMayorofNewYork.9.Horseisusefulanimal.10.Goldsmithissaidtohavetraveledfromaplacetoaplace.注釋1.school→theschool，表示去某場所而不是去上學(xué)(gotoschool)。2.an→anunique［ju?蘗nik］其第一音素是輔音。3.a→an.4.abook→book,kindof后面名詞不加不定冠詞。5.right→theright,intheright(有理)，而inright右邊。6.Themost→Most,most表示大多數(shù)時不加the。7.insuchafineweather→insuchfineweather.weather是不可數(shù)名詞。8.TheMayor→Mayor獨一無二的官職、頭銜，職稱作補足語或表語時不加冠詞。9.horse→Ahorse，horse是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式其前面必須有冠詞，不可單獨使用在句子中。usefulanimal→ausefulanimal.10.fromaplacetoaplace→fromplacetoplace,兩個相對等的名詞由and連接表示一種習(xí)慣用語時不加冠詞。第六節(jié)代詞一、人稱代詞改錯指導(dǎo)1.注意人稱代詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用。2.注意人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別。二、物主代詞改錯指導(dǎo)對物主代詞的考查主要涉及：1.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之間的區(qū)別。2.物主代詞指代的使用。三、反身代詞改錯指導(dǎo)表示“某人自己”的代詞稱作反身代詞。它在句中可作賓語、同位語和狀語，但不能作主語。在使用反身代詞時，同樣要注意其單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱必須與所指代的名詞一致。四、不定代詞改錯指導(dǎo)常用的不定代詞有some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every,one,all,both,either,other,another,others及由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。不定代詞的用法較復(fù)雜，需要考生特別注意。五、指示代詞改錯指導(dǎo)指示代詞有this,that,these,those,it,such,same等。this和these一般用來指時間和空間上較近的人或物，也常用來指后面要提到的事情，有啟下的作用。that和those則常用來指時間或空間上較遠的人或物，也可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞，以免重復(fù)。練習(xí)1.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.2.Dependuponthathewillcomehere.3.Whomdoyouthinkisthewriterofthisbook?4.Hisbrother’scaseisquitedifferentfromme.5.ThepopulationofLondonistwotimesaslargeasthiscity.6.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.7.“Imustsaygood-byenow.”“SoImust.”8.Heistallerthananyoneinhisclass.9.IspokeamanwhoIthoughttobemycousin.10.Onlyyesterdaythehotelmanagerassuredmyhusbandandmethathewouldacceptourreservationforaroom.注釋1.whomever→whoever,這里是由whoever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作for的賓語，而whoever在從句中作主語。2.Dependuponthat→Dependuponitthat,that所引導(dǎo)的從句不可作介詞賓語，必須加上it，再由that引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.Whom→Who，這里doyouthink是插入語，這里who是作句子主語。4.me→mine。5.asthiscity→asthatofthiscity,這里的that代替thepopulation作比較的部分是不可省略的。6.find→findit，這里的it是形式賓語，而tomaketheirliving是不定式作賓語。7.SoImust.→SomustI.8.anyone→anyoneelse，這里he也包含在他的班級里，所以應(yīng)加else，表示他比其他的人高。9.spoke→spoketo10.I→me，這里與husband一起作assured的賓語。第七節(jié)數(shù)詞1.檢查有無基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞之間的誤用。2.檢查在表示幾百、幾千、幾百萬等數(shù)字時表述是否正確。3.檢查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達是否正確。4.檢查在表示“歷史上的幾十年代和某人幾十歲時”的表達方式是否正確。5.檢查數(shù)詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞是否正確。練習(xí)1.Aboutthree-fifthoftheworkersofthatsteelworksareyoungpeople.2.Whenhewasinhisfifty,hemovedtoEngland.3.439isfourhundredsandthirty-nine.4.Thesunis93millionsmilesawayfromtheearth.5.Thisbigsteelplanthasathousandofworkers.6.Hundredofpeopleattendedthemeetinglastnight.7.Peoplelivedahardlifeinforties.8.333isthreehundredthirty-three.9.Hewroteatwo-thousand-wordsreport.10.ThereareaboutthreehundredspeopleintheparkonNationalDay.注釋1.three-fifth→three-fifths，分?jǐn)?shù)表達法是分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時，分母應(yīng)加s。2.fifty→fifties,inhisfifties(在他五十多歲時)，inthefifties(在50年代)。3.hundreds→hundred.4.millions→million.5.athousandofwarders→athousandworker.Hundred,thousand,million等詞在表示具體數(shù)字時，都不加s，在表示不確定數(shù)字時加s，同時加of，如：hundredsof數(shù)百；thousandsof數(shù)千。6.Hundred→Hundreds.7.forties→theforties，指40年代。8.hundred→hundredand.9.two-thousand-words→two-thousand-word.10.hundreds→hundred.第八節(jié)介詞1.檢查介詞有無誤用。2.檢查句中有無遺漏介詞，特別要注意作定語用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介詞。3.檢查句中有無多余的介詞。4.檢查句中介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等的搭配是否正確。練習(xí)1.Youmustwriteyourletterwithink.2.Amanisknowntothecompanyhekeeps.3.Thefieldwasdottedthegreatyellowhatsofpeasants.4.Don’tapproachtoaworkofartinsuchaspirit.5.Theboywasabsorbedbuildingadaminthebrook.6.Iwasimpressedatthezealwhichhespokeoftheplan.7.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.8.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehill.9.Itisknowntoeveryonethatbutterismadeofmilk.10.Thegirlisproudofthatherfamilyiswelldescended.注釋1.with→ink,ink用于使用之材料，with用于工具或媒介。2.to→by,beknowntosb.，為某人所熟悉，本句是諺語“觀其友而知其人”。3.dotted→dottedwith,bedottedwith(點綴著……)。4.approachto→approach,approach是及物動詞。5.absorbed→absorbedin,beabsorbedin(專心于……)。6.at→with,which→withwhich,beimpressedwith(被……所感動)，withwhich起副詞作用。7.at→on,insiston(堅持)。8.reachedto→reached,reach是及物動詞。9.of→from,madefrom...是指制作過程中發(fā)生性質(zhì)變化，madeof是物質(zhì)質(zhì)地未變。10.proudofthat→proudthat,that從句前的介詞of必須省略。第九節(jié)連詞1.并列句中，檢查并列連詞的使用是否正確，有無遺漏并列連詞的情況。2.復(fù)合句中，檢查從屬連詞的使用是否正確。3.檢查主語從句和同位語從句前的連詞是否遺漏。4.檢查有無連詞之間的誤用，尤其是if和whether之間的誤用。練習(xí)1.Webecomemoreandmoreimpatientofinterruptionswhentheyearsgoon.2.ItwasnotuntilitbegantorainwhenInoticedhisumbrellaleftinmycar.3.Attheageofsix,myfathertookmetothecircusforthefirsttime.4.Heactedlikehehadneverbeeninamuseumbefore.5.You’llbepermittedtobringawatchsothatyoumaykeeptrackofthetimeduringyouaretakingthetest.6.Itwasnotlongsincetheymadetheirappearance.7.Itwasnotsomuchtheamountofthemoneybutthemoneyitselfthatsurprisedhim.8.Theremaynotbemuchchoicebetweenthisoneorthat.9.Wemusteatforwemaylive.10.Whichdoyoulikebetter,coffeeandblacktea?注釋1.when→as,隨著。2.when→that,Itis(was)notuntil...that是not...until的強調(diào)句型。3.Attheageofsix→WhenIwassixyearsold,Attheageofsix用于句中是指myfather。4.like→asif,asif可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。5.during→while,during是介詞，不可引導(dǎo)從句。6.since→before,notlongbefore(不久……就……)。7.but→as,notsomuch...as(與其說……不如說)。8.or→and,between...and...(在……與……之間)。9.for—that,that(sothat,inorderthat)+may(might)(為了……)表示目的的連接詞，而for為表示原因的連接詞。10.and—or，表示選擇。第十節(jié)從句與一致關(guān)系一、名詞性從句短文改錯對名詞性從句的考查側(cè)重于連詞的選擇和從句的時態(tài)。1.檢查語序是否正確。2.檢查連接詞是否誤用。3.檢查是否漏掉了連接詞，尤其是主語從句和同位語從句中的that。4.檢查賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)是否正確。5.檢查主語從句與謂語的數(shù)是否一致。6.檢查主語從句后置時，作形式主語的it是否出現(xiàn)。7.檢查有無if與whether的誤用。二、定語從句定語從句的改錯主要涉及關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的運用以及定語從句中的主謂一致問題。1.判斷關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的使用是否正確。2.判斷先行詞與定語從句的謂語動詞的數(shù)是否一致。3.檢查關(guān)系代詞的格的使用是否正確，尤其是在關(guān)系代詞作主語和介詞前置時。4.檢查有無關(guān)系副詞與介詞重復(fù)使用的情況。5.檢查有無漏掉作主語的關(guān)系代詞的情況。6.檢查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞使用是否正確。7.檢查定語從句中除了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞外，是否還有多余的代詞或副詞。三、一致關(guān)系1.檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了語法一致的原則。2.檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了意義一致的原則。3.檢查主謂在數(shù)上是否違背了鄰近原則。練習(xí)1.MyroommatelivesinasmalltownincentralMissouri,aquiettownwhichIwouldliketolivemyself.2.TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates;twoofthoseareseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.3.Whatfarisitfromheretothestation?4.Theywanttoknowhowtheycandotohelpus.5.—Who’sgotallmymoney?—Ido.6.Yousmokeagain!Whynottogiveitup?7.Thesephotoswillshowyouhowourvillagelookslike.8.Someoneisatthedoor.Whoishe?9.—Thoseshirtsareveryexpensive.—Doyouknowhowtheycost?10.—Whoyouthinkistherichestmaninthistown?—IthinkMr.Kimis.注釋1.which→where，tolive→tolivein，live是不及物動詞。2.ofthose→ofwhich,those不是關(guān)系代詞，不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.What→How,what修飾名詞，而how修飾形容詞、副詞，用于感嘆句。4.how→what，what作引導(dǎo)詞，同時作theycando中動詞do的賓語。5.Ido→Ihave.6.togiveitup→giveitup,whynot其后接不帶to的不定式。7.how→what,從句中l(wèi)ookslike中的like是介詞，提問的是like后的賓語。8.he→it.9.how→howmuch/what.10.whoyouthink→whodoyouthink，doyouthink是插入語，去掉插入語，應(yīng)是陳述語序的疑問句。第十一節(jié)倒裝與省略1.檢查是否有該倒裝而未倒裝的情況。2.檢查是否有該省略而未省略的情況。練習(xí)將下列各句改為倒裝句，并強調(diào)劃線部分的語氣。1.Thedefeatedarmyranaway,leavingmanywoundedsoldiers.2.Wecanknowthepast,butweonlyfeelthefuture.3.ThenewsimpressedmesostronglythatIcouldnotutterawordforsometime.4.Oureyesareopenedonlyafterwehavemadeamistake.5.Ihaveoftenhearditsaidthatheisnottrustworthy.6.Hisfaithfuldogsatbyhisside.7.Wemustinnocaseimaginethatmaterialcomfortisthefinalgoalofhumanhappiness.8.Ineverexpectedthatthemanwouldturnupatthemeeting.9.Ifoundsomanyhappypeoplenowhereelse.10.hesaidgood-byetomeandhedroveoff.注釋1.Awayranthedefeatedarmy2....butthefutureweonlyfeel.3.Sostronglydidthenewsimpressmethat4.Onlyafterwehavemadeamistakeareoureyesopened.5.OftenhaveIhearditsaid6.Byhissidesathisfaithfuldog7.Innocasemustweimagine8.NeverdidIexpectthat9.NowhereelsedidIfind10.Hesaidgood-byetome,andoffhedrove.第二章短文改錯綜合練習(xí)Exercise1ItisSundaytoday.Ihavebeenstudyingalldaylong.On1._______themorning,Ihaddrybreakfast.Wehadnowaterto2._______drinkbecausethewatersupplyhadcutoff.Thewaterhad3._______comebackintheevening.Ididmathsthen.Ididn’tstopafter4._______12o’clock.AfterashortlunchIhadthebreak.ThenIwentto5._______mySundayEnglishclass.Afteralongandtiredclassformorethantwohours,Igot6._______tohome.Someworkhadbeendonebutsomehadn’t.Imust7._______reviewallmysubjectsuchastheSciencesandtheHumanities,8._______whichincludeChinese,English,PoliticsandHistoryas9._______well.That’sterribly!Especiallywhentherewasnowater.10.______答案及解析1.On改為In。inthemorning為固定搭配。2.dry前加a。一般來講，三餐前不加任何冠詞，但當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時，則必須在形容詞前加不定冠詞。如：Weusuallyhavebreakfastateight.Ihaveawonderfulbreakfastthismorning.3.第一個had后加been。根據(jù)邏輯，此處應(yīng)為被動語態(tài)。4.after改為until。構(gòu)成“not...until...”句型。5.the改為a。haveabreak意為“休息一會兒”，為固定搭配。6.tired改為tiring。tired為形容詞“勞累的”，多用來修飾人；tiring也為形容詞，意為“令人勞累的”，用來修飾事物。7.刪去to。home為副詞。8.subject改為subjects。subject是可數(shù)名詞。9.此行無錯。10.terribly改為terrible。系動詞后要用形容詞。Exercise2Dearstudents,TheStudents’UnionwasgoingtoholdanEnglishSpeech1._______contestintheeveningofDecember30.Thepurpose2._______isincreasethestudents’interestinlearningEnglishand3._______improvetheirspokenEnglish.Whichisgoingtobeheldin4._______theschoolmainhallandwillbeginsat7:30.Andthe5._______bestfivestudentsofthisEnglishcontestwillbegiven6._______prizes.SomeoneinGradeThreewillbe7._______welcometotakepartinit.Thosewouldliketotakepart8._______inthiscontestshouldgototheofficeoftheStudents’9._______Unionandsignitupyournamesandthetopicsofyour10.______EnglishSpeech.Welcometothisgreatfun!答案及解析1.was改為is。2.in改為on。指具體某一天的晚上，要用介詞on。3.is后加to。此處為不定式作表語。4.Which改為It。此處應(yīng)用it指代前文的anEnglishSpeechcontest，如用which指代則無主句。5.begins改為begin。will后需用動詞原形與will共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。6.此行無錯。7.Someone改為Everyone。everyone側(cè)重整體，指“每個人”；someone側(cè)重個體，意為“某個人”。8.Those后加who。此處用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。9.go改為come。根據(jù)文章第一句話可知，此通知發(fā)出者是theStudents’Union。所以要用come而不用go。10.刪去it。此句中已有賓語yournames，不需用it。Exercise3Listeningtoforeignbroadcasteasier1._______ifweknowsomethingabout.Thereareclues2._______thatcanhelpus.Oneclueisthetimeof3._______day.Morningprogramsusuallycontainsmany4._______shortitemsof