專題九非謂語動詞

專題九非謂語動詞中考總復習綜合訓練叢書連接中考非謂語動詞在句中不可單獨用作謂語，不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動詞有三種形式：___________、_______和_____。動詞不定式動名詞分詞一、動詞不定式動詞不定式在句中可以作除謂語以外的一切成分：主語、賓語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、表語、定語和狀語。1.動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語（動詞不定式）置于句末。常用句式：“Itis(not)＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.”e.g.Toswimintheriverisdangerous.＝______________________________在這條河里游泳是危險的。It’sdangeroustoswimintheriver.2.作表語，往往置于連系動詞be,seem等之后。e.g.Myjobis____________________.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。3.作賓語。常見的后面接不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree,begin,start,decide,exanage,want,try,wish,forget,remember,helething_________.我有事要告訴你。tolookaftermysistertoclosethedoortotellyou5.作狀語，表明目的、結(jié)果或原因等。e.g.Mylittlesisteristooyoung______________.我的小妹太小而不能上學。（結(jié)果狀語）Heo__________________________.我請求他給我看看他的新詞典。togotoschooltocomeintowritetometoshowmehisnewdictionary注意：（1）常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有want,ask,tell,warn,wish,wouldlike,order,use,invite,get,allow,expect,encourage,hate等。但在使役動詞（_____________）和感官動詞（_________________________等）后，要把作賓補的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。make,let,havesee,hear,watch,notice,feel（2）不定式可以和疑問詞who,what,which,why,when,how,where等連用，構(gòu)成“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用于下列動詞之后：tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand等。e.g.Whentogotherehasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么時候去那兒還沒定下來。（_______）Canyoutellmewheretoexchangethemoney?你能告訴我哪里能換錢嗎？（_______）Theishowtotellherthenews.問題是該怎么把這個消息告訴她。（______）作主語作賓語作表語二、動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1.作主語________________________isbadforourhealth.吃太多垃圾食品對我們的健康有害。注意：動名詞和動詞不定式作主語，在許多情況下可以通用，但動名詞作主語多表示抽象或多次的行為，不定式作主語則表示具體的或一次性的動作。2.作表語e.g.Mymother’sjob__________.我母親的工作是做飯。Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodiscooking3.作賓語e.g.Idon’tmind__________thatstoryagain.我不介意再聽一遍那個故事。注意：其后常接動名詞的動詞及動詞詞組有：finish,enjoy,ind,keeiss,avoid,suggest,beworth,havefun/difficulty/trouble(in),wastetime(in),can’thelember,try,stop,forget,hate,goon等。listeningtothesinginggroup【溫馨提示】既可接動名詞又可接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：______________忘了做過某事______________忘了去做某事（未做）__________________記得做過某事__________________記得去做某事（未做）____________嘗試做某事____________盡力做某事______________繼續(xù)正在做的事______________繼續(xù)做另外一件事forgetdoingsth.forgetdoingsth.rememberdoingsth.remembertodosth.trydoingsth.trytodosth.goondoingsth.goontodosth.____________停止正在做的事____________停下來去做另一件事______________意味著______________打算做某事______________某事需要被做（被動含義）______________需要去做某事（主動含義）_______________后悔做了某事（已做）_______________后悔去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.meandoingsth.meantodosth.needdoingsth.needtodosth.regretdoingsth.regrettodosth.三、分詞分詞分為_________和_________。1.區(qū)別：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。e.g.Theman_____________________isourteacher.站在窗戶旁邊的那個人是我們的老師。Thebuilding____________hasbecomeourlab.去年建的樓已成了我們的實驗室?，F(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞standingbythewindowbuiltlastyear（2）現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身所具有的性質(zhì)，意為“令人……的”；過去分詞表達由外界引起的內(nèi)心活動，意為“感到……的”。e.g.the_______news令人興奮的消息the______look激動的表情常用的還有：interesting/interestedtiring/tired,surprising/surprisedboring/bored（3）現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已完成的動作。e.g.______leaves正在飄落的樹葉_____leaves落葉（已落下）__________countries發(fā)展中國家_________countries發(fā)達國家excitingexcitedfallingfallendevelopingdeveloped2.用法：（1）作定語：單個分詞作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的前面，短語作定語通常放在所修飾的詞的后面。e.g.Thequestion______________isimuststudyhard.作為一名學生，我必須努力學習。（原因狀語）Heranoutoftheroom,______(cry)loudly.他大聲哭著從房間里跑出來。（伴隨狀語）beingdiscussedexcitedBeingcrying（3）作表語。e.g.Themovieis__________.這部電影很有趣。Thedooris_______(break).門壞了。（4）作賓語補足語，一般用在see,hear,notice,feel,have等動詞之后與賓語構(gòu)成復合賓語。e.g.Isawacat_______(run)acrossthestreet.我看見一只貓跑過街道。Imusthavethebike________(repair).我必須找人修理自行車。interestingbrokenrunningrepaired注意：不定式與分詞都可跟在某些動詞之后作賓語補足語。不定式作賓語補足語表示動作發(fā)生的全過程;現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生;過去分詞作賓語補足語側(cè)重于表示被動的概念。e.g.Whentheywentintotheschool,theysawsomeboys________football.當他們走進校園時，他們看見一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做）Doyouoftenseethem_____basketball?你?？此麄兇蚧@球嗎？（全過程）Hesakehimself______clearly.他大聲說以便讓別人聽清他的話。（他的話被聽到）playingplayheard鞏固練習I.根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.Isiteasy__________(learn)aforeignlanguage?2.Mymotherwillneverallowme________(do)that.3.Jimfinished__________(read)thebooklastnight.4.Theyrefused__________(ybrotherexadeyou__________(think)so?7.IsawMary__________(sit)atthewindow,thinking.readingtodotolearntoprovidetovisitthinksitting8.Ginaremembered__________(close)thedoor,butitisoycousinislookingforwardto__________(enter)college.10.Doyoumind__________(wash)clothesfortheoldething.Youmustbehungry.closingenteringwashingtoanswertodohavingtoeat15.__________(drink)toomuchcoffeeisbadforyoursleer.BlackhasbeeninChinafortenyearsandnowheisusedto__________(eat)Chinesefood.17.Withoutglasses,Grandmahastrouble__________(read)thenews.Itseemstobewindytonight.19.It’simake)anoisewhenyouareeatingnoodles.20.Martinwassobusy__________(helejobatlast.Drinkingeatingreadingtoclosetomakehelping鞏固練習II.單項選擇()1.Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus_____surewedon’tbreakanything.(2017·河南)A.make B.made C.tomake D.making()2.—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.—That’sgood.Wetried_____anynoise,foryouweresleeake B.nottomake C.notmaking()3.—Jackhasn’ttakenhise.—Heisconsidering_____hisoretimeonhisstudy.(2017·湖北鄂州)A.todrop B.tothrow C.dropping D.throwing()4.TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting_____aforeignlanguage.A.learning B.learns C.tolearn()5.—IthinkyoushouldstoinEnglish.—Isee.Hecan’tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingto B.totalkto C.totalkingto()6.aybeindanger.A.tomeet B.nottomeet C.meeting()7.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds______iteveryday.A.practicetospeak B.topracticespeaking C.practicespeaking()8.Thehouseistoosmallforhisfamily______.A.tolivein B.livinginC.livein()9.—Wouldyoulike_____came?—I’dliketo.ButI’mbusydoingmyhomework.A.togo B.going C.go()10.—Canyouhele?Ihavesomedifficulties_____Jayind______here?(2017·黑龍江龍東)—Ofcoursenot.I’ll______mycigaretteatonce.A.notsmoking;oking;oke;putoff()12.—Where’sMr.Yang,doyouknow?—Well,it’shardtosay.ButIsawhim_____afootballgamejustnow.A.waswatching B.watching C.hadwatched()13.Johnwasma