城市規(guī)劃中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)Rigid-flexibleandeconomic-ontheBeijing-controlledregulationblocklevelawarenessandconsiderAbstract:Thearticle,throughthetraditionalregulatorydetailedplanninganalysis,pointingoutthattheplanningresultsdifficulttotranslateintopublicpolicyplanningandmanagement,inthefaceofalackofadaptabilitytochangesinthemarketcannotbedirectlyrelatedtomacroeconomicissuessuchasconvergenceplanning.ThenputforwardinrecentyearsthroughtheBeijingneighborhood-levelcase-controlregulatoryinterpretation,introductionandanalysis,studythepreparationofdistrictlevel(2-3squareunit)ofthecontrolregulationinresponsetothetraditionalregulatorycontrolproblemoftenencounteredwhenhastheadvantageandflexibility,inparticular,tohighlightitfortheplanningandmanagementdepartmentcanprovideanewtoolformanagementandcoordinationandmoreflexibletodealwithcomplexchangesinthemarketdiversity,theprotectionoftheGovernmentofthecharacteristicsofpublicservicefunctions.Finally,thefuturealsoneedtoblock-levelcontrolregulationofthelegalstatusoftheapplicationofplanningandmanagementtools,thetraditionalelementsofspacecontrolandguideandsoontoconductin-depthstudyanddiscussion.

Keywords:block-controlregulationscontrollingthedetailedplanningofrigidandflexibleplanning1.TraditionalcontrolregulationsinthepreparationofthepracticalproblemsfacingTraditionalregulatoryplan,sincetheemergenceofthelastcentury90'shasbeenintheinterestsofallofthegameandbalanceproblemsare.Thecruxofthematterfocusedonhowtocoordinatetheplanningrequiredtomanagetherigidcontrolandflexibleresponsetomarketadaptabilityon:1.1TraditionalregulatorycontrolcannotfullyreflectthetransformationofgovernmentfunctionsTraditionalregulatorycontrolcanonlybeadirectreflectionofthegenerallanddevelopmentandconstructionofthenatureandintensity,aswellastheembodimentofcityspaceenvironmentharmonizationandunificationofthecoreconcernsarespaceandvisionontheaestheticeffect,plannersthroughaseriesofindicatorstodeterminespatialformoflandcontrol.Thisformatall-fit-orientedgovernmentundertheguidanceofimplementation,"achesscity"inthedevelopmentandconstruction.Withthedeepeningofreform,thegovernmentfunctionsundertheplannedeconomicsystembytheall-aroundtypetoaservice-orientedtransformationofthefunctionsoftheGovernmentfocusesongovernmentcontrolandtheprovisionofpublicservicestwoaspects:First,wemustdealwithsocialactivitiesinthevariousquestions,functionofmaintainingsocialstabilityandorder;twosocialdevelopmentistoprovidethenecessarypublicgoods,inparticular,themarketcannotaffordorareunwillingtoprovidepublicgoods.Atcity-building,moreandmorerealestateenterprisesandindustrialenterpriseshavebecomethemainstayofcitydevelopmentandconstruction,moreandmorewiththerighttospeak,whenthegovernmentmustreleasethenecessarypermissionsinordertoplaytheroleofmarketmechanisms,whileatthesametimebeabletoachievemaintainingthesocialfunctionofstability,andensurethesupplyofpublicgoods,neededtoreflecttheGovernmentrepresentedbythemaximizationofpublicinterest,thisisnottheoriginalspace-basedcontent-controlregulationscanbereflected.1.2TraditionalregulatorycontrolresultstothetransformationofpublicpolicyhaveaconsiderablegapCityplanningasapublicpolicy,determinedattheoverallplanningofurbanandruralspatialdistribution,thecity'spublicresourcestoconductaneffectiveconfigurationofthelivingenvironmenttomakethecorrespondingrequest,theneedforfurtherconstructionofthecitytoconductacomprehensivecoordination,guidanceandrestraint,andmadeavailabletothemanagementoftheTownPlanningDepartmentofamanagementtool.Traditionalcontrolregulationsalthoughthepreparationofacomprehensivesetofcontrolindicatorsandmeasures,butbecauseofitsfactualfindingstotheblock-typecontrolchartisprovidedintheformofalackofoverallbalanceisalwaystheaspectaswellastheflexibilitytorespondtochangesinthemarket.Commonsituationis:immediatelyaftertherecentconstructionsiteswillhavetoputincomplicatedandever-changingmarketsituation,oftenwanttochangethenatureoftheland,improvetherateofvolumeandheight,adjustthelayoutofsuchrequest,thentheplanningandmanagementdepartment,thegeneralChooseonlythetraditionaloutcomeofoutsideregulatorycontrol,throughtheblock,theconditionsforthedemonstration,theadditionofaplanningconditionschangeandauditedproofaspect,fromtheauditedresults,becauseofthelackofadequateplanningattherestrictiveconditions,improvelotoffloorarearatio,ahighdegreeofplanningcontroltoadjusttheconditionsofapplicationcanonly"successfully"through.Alotofplanningandmanagementdepartmenthavemetwithasimilardilemma:developerproposedtocontroltheregulationofaplottodeterminefloorarearatiofrom1.5to1.8adjust,whetheritistechnicallyfromtheplanningormanagementofpolicy,cannotfindthereasonsfordenyingtheapplication,andiftheseseparateplotslookallpassed,upfromtheoverallregulatorycontrolisequivalenttowasteastill,"thereisnospaceunderthemanagementofpoor-controlregulationhasbeenhardtomanage."1.3ChangingmarketdemandinthefaceoftoorigidAccordingtoregulationscoveringthepreparationoffull-controlregulation,inthefaceoflong-termwithnofixedpatternofdevelopmentanddevelopmentofthemaincityofthenewarea,canonlyrelyontheexperienceandthelimitedregulatoryrequirementstosetablueprintfortheultimate,oftenrequiredtheassumptionthattheareawillattractWhatisthenatureoftheindustry,andwhatmodeoftransportationandlivingelementsandsoon.Oftenwaituntiltheneedtoimplementwhenthecity-buildingmechanismshavetakenplaceinverymanychangesinthemainbodyofinvestment,developmentpatterns,constructionandoperationofregionalmechanismsandsoonwiththeoriginalplanningassumptionsareinconsistent,industry,transport,modeoflivinghavebeenUltra-outtheoriginal,thistimechargedwiththeregulationalreadycompletedwillbecomeveryoutofdate.1.4Upperfaceofthemacro-planningdifficultdockingrequirementsOverallplanninginordertomeettheneedsofurbanandruraleconomicandsocialcomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentrequirements,tendtomakesomemacromeasuressuchascontentdevelopmentmodel.Thesepropertywithpublicpolicymeasures,inordertolandforthepurposeofthetraditionalregulatorycontrolitisdifficulttofullyreflectanddocking.BeijingDaxingMetroasanexample:Inaccordancewiththe"BeijingUrbanMasterPlan(2004-2020years)",DaxingBeijingMetroarethefuture-orientedregionaldevelopmentimportantnode,inBeijing,thedevelopmentofanextremelyimportantstrategicposition,willguidethedevelopmentofbiologicalmedicine,modernmanufacturing,aswellascommerciallogistics,culture,educationandotherfunctions,arecarryingthefuturecityofBeijingtoeasethepopulationcentersandfunctionsofoneof11Metro.2020Metrostylescalelanduseplanning65squarekilometers,population600,000peoplescale.Priortothis,asareBeijing'sDaxingcounty,tocarryouttheconstructionofsatellitetowns,thestatusquoconditionsandMetroPlanninghasalargergapbetweentheobjectives,thelackofsufficientlyattractivetotheurbanareascannoteffectivelyalleviatethestress.Forinstance:thelackofpublicfacilities,facilitiesstandardshavebeentoolow,withthecentercitypoortransportlinksandsoon.HowtoachievethestatusquototheMetrofromtheblueprintforchange?At"DaxingMetroPlanning(2005-2020years)"fromtheMetro'sconstructiontostarttheimplementationprocess,identifiedthroughtheconstructionofrailtransit,urbanroadconstruction,publicservicefacilities,thetransferofadministrativefunctions,culturalandeducationalfunctionoftheintroductionoftheintroductionofleadingindustriessixelementsofthemainconstructionoftheMetroguide:theroleoftheseelementstogether,andbasedontheirspatialcharacteristicsinfluencethescopeandtimingonreasonablearrangementstopromotethedevelopmentofMetro'sconstruction,sothatMetrobeabletoattheplanningblueprintforthestatusquograduallyonthefoundationcanbeachieved.Epistasisplansfacesimilarmacro-planningrequirements,isclearlynotaspecificplotplancanbefullyreflectedin,letalonetocopewithupto15yearsintheplanningoftheimplementationprocessofvariouselementsoftheChange.2.Block-levelregulatorycontrolofthepreparationofthecontentsoftheformInrecentyears,Beijingmadethepreparationofblock-levelcontrolrulestodealwithfromacertainextentonthetraditionalblock-controlregulationsthatprevailinquestion.Metrostyleneighborhoodstocontrolregulationasanexample:

Firstofall,dividedintoblocks.At"DaxingMetroPlanning(2005-2020years)"thedivisionofsevenpatches,threegroupsonthebasisoftheGeneralconsiderregionalcharacteristics,thelayoutofpublicservicefacilities,municipalservicecapacitytransportfacilitiesandspaceenvironmentalcapacityandotherinfluencingfactorstotheNeighborhood(betweenblockandblockunits,withariver,naturalobstacles,primaryandsecondaryroads,streetboundariesoffices,specialfunctionareassuchasborderKaifongboundary)forthedivisionofunits,dividedinto38blocks,eachblock2~3squarekilometers.

Then,intheMetrotodeterminethescopeofthewholeblockoflead,constructionandclassificationofthetotalconstructionscale,constructionbaselineheight,strengthofconstructionelementsofthescope.Metrobasedplanning,decompositionoftheimplementationofthedominantfeaturesofeachblock,thatisblocksthefunctionofpositioningandthemaindirectionofdevelopmenttodeterminethelargestblockoflandandhasassumedaleadingroleinthenatureoftheland;fromtheoveralleconomicstrengthandfunctionsofthepositioningofacomprehensivetrafficcapacity,publicfacilitiesServicecapacity,municipalfacilities,servicecapabilities,thecapacityofthespaceenvironmentinfiveaspects,suchasintegratedcarryingcapacityanalysis,willbeMetro's600,000populationoverallrefinementscaledecompositiontotheblocklevel,andtodeterminethetotalamountofblockconstructionandclassificationofscaleconstruction;inaccordancewiththeMetromorphologicalcharacteristicsoftheoverallspacetodeterminethebuildingheightcontrolframeworkandfourbaselineheight,dividedintolow(18m),Medium(18-45meter),high(45-60m)and60metersabove4,theimplementationofeachblocksrangeofbenchmarks;toimprovethelivingenvironmentinaccordancewiththeoverallgoalsandotherconditions,strengthofconstructionwillbedividedintoblocksoflow-density,mediumdensity,high-densitythirdgear.

And,throughacomprehensiveanalysisofthestatusquo,implementtheabovedecompositionoftheconditions,separatelyforeachblocktodeterminethenatureandscale,theconfigurationofthefacilitiesandarrangements,ahighdegreeofcontrolelements,suchasurbandesign,implementationtiming,butalsoquestionstheneedforfurtherresearch,etc.specificcontent,whichwilleventuallyblocktheplanssubmittedintheformofresults.3.1Effectiveextensionofepistaticplanning,forplanningandmanagementtofacilitate

Toblockasaunit,decompositionandquantifytheepistaticplanningfunctionsanddevelopmentgoals,andclearlythegeneralcharacterofeachneighborhoodandthedevelopmentofintensitydifferences,infactthisjobistoregulate,suchasthetotalepistatictoquantifythemacro-planningprocess.Toblockasaunitfortotalcontrolandbalance,easeofbasicfacilitiesatalllevels,publicservicefacilities,urbansafetyfacilities,transportationfacilities,toconductanoverallbalancedlayout,moreconducivetoneighborhoodsasaunitforanalysisandmonitoring.Beijinghavebeenidentifiedasafurtherrefinementputblocksoflandplotstocontroltheminimumregulatoryscopeofthestudyandcityplanningandmanagementofthebasicunit.Dominantindeterminingtheneighborhoodfunction,constructionandclassificationofthetotalconstructionscale,constructionbaselineheight,strengthofconstructionscopeofthefacilitiesaftertheconfigurationofsuchfactors,whetherdevelopersarestillatalllevelsofgovernmenttoentrustthepreparationofland-controlregulations,planningandmanagementdepartmentshaveastrongpublicpolicybasedonquantifiableandcanbeusedtoguideandmonitorthepreparationofregulatorycontrolblockcontent,canensuretheconfigurationofthevariousfacilitiessuchasthecontentsofrigiditytotheimplementation,butalsobeabletothroughtheoverallcontrolandstrengthtotheblockclassificationmustcontrolregulationsleftbehindtheflexibilityofspace.3.2RespondingflexiblytomarketchangesBlock-levelcontrolregulationsafterwidecoverage,itsconstructionandclassificationofthetotalconstructionscaleofindicatorsasthepreparationofthedetailedplanningofthenextlevelofcontrolconditions,theguidanceoflanddevelopmentandconstructionofconcreteblocksatthescopeofactivitiescarriedoutwithintheoverallbalance.Blockunitthroughthebenchmarklandprices,ownership,facilities,supplycapacityfactorssuchasacomprehensiveassessmentcanbereflectedtosomeextentonlocation,infrastructureconditions,suchasmarket-sensitiveelementsonthedifferencesinregulatorycontrolinthepreparationofland,theycanfurtherstudythemarketdemandeffectivelyadjusttoallowthemarkettobeabletointhegovernment'smacro-controloftheallocationofresourcestoplayitsbasicrole.Atthesametime,district-levelplanningatthepreparationofregulatorycontrolafterthecompletionofthemanagementoftheimplementationprocesscanalsobequantifiedusingavarietyofcontrolmeanstoeffectivelydealwithchangesinthemarket.Tofloorarearatioasanexample,atdistrictlevelbecauseofregulatorycontrol,thesetupoftheneighborhood'spopulationandthetotalconstructionvolumeofconstructionandclassificationoftheconceptofalandplotdevelopmentandconstructionarenecessarytoadjustthestrengthofblocksrelatedtothetotalchangesandchangesinthedemandforassociatedfacilities,sothatatleastfromthedistrictcoordinationframeworktoachievethepurposeofbreakingtheindividualreviewoftheoriginalplottocontrolthelackofindicatorsadjustbasedontheembarrassment,fromtheprocessreflectsonthechangesinconstructionactivitythesurroundingurbanenvironmentbroughtaboutbytheimpact.Onthisbasis,thestudyimplementedasimilar"transferofdevelopmentrights"oftheadministrativesystembeforeoperational.3.3HighlighttheprotectionoftheGovernment'spublicservicefunctionsBlock-levelcontrolregulations,alllandclassifiedasClassAland(forthecitytoprovidebasicsupportandservices)andClassBland(Governmentundertheguidanceofthemarketdevelopmentofland),aswellasX-typesites(sitestobestudied)threecategories.Oneof,A-typesitesarethemaingreenspace,infrastructure,publicservicefacilities,etc.musthaveapublicproperty,mainlybytheGovernmentasaninvestmentandmanagemententitiesofthepublicspace,itsemphasisontheprioritytheimplementationofspace,therebyprotectingthepublicinterestpriority.Comparativelyspeaking,theoriginalconcernofthetraditionalregulatorycontrolelementsatstreetlevelspaceofthecontrolledregulationof"takeabackseat,"the.4.Alsonecessarytofurtherexplorethequestion:Ingeneral,block-levelregulatorycontroltoaddameso-levelstudies,preparationofregulatorycontrolblockprovidesafreshdiscussionoftheworkplatform,aswellasplanningandmanagementprovidedsomeactionablepublicpolicybasisforimprovedtraditionalregulatorycontrolofsomeproblems.However,block-levelcontrolregulationasanewthingalsohaveanumberofissuesneedtobefurtherexploredandresearch:Firstofall,thenecessaryclarityofitslegalstatusandrecognition.Becauseofblock-levelcontrolisaregulationrelatingtoavarietyoffactors(population,thefacilitiesandsoon)theoverallbalanceoftechnologicalachievements,inparticular,aresomeoftheprioritytheprotectionofthefacilitiesinvolvedincityconstructionandoperationofothergovernmentdepartments,administrativeactions,areasonabledecidethelegalstatusofitscoordinationandcontrolofthekey.Moreover,asthecapitalofBeijingandmunicipalities,andothercityplanningandconstructionmanagementsystemmusthavedifferencesinthismunicipalityinBeijingcanwell-establishedsystemshouldnotbeabletocopytothecityingeneralgo.Howtopromoteneighborhood-levelcontrolregulatoryexperiencegainedenhancethelegitimacyofitsreasonable,butalsorequiredfurtherstudy.Secondly,therequiredsupportingmanagementmeasuresonthecorresponding.Block-levelcontrolregulationisnotonlyamany-levelplanningsoeasythatitgiveplanningandmanagementintheoverallplanningandcontrolregulationoftraditionallandbetweenthedevelopmentofanewmanagementplatform,therefore,shouldgivefullplaytoitsrole,fromthecannotbesupportingtheplanningandmanagementmeasuresoninnovation.Suchasinthecontrolplotsontheregulationofconvergencecanbetheimplementationprocessforsomeofthedemand,derivedfrom"transferofdevelopmentrights"andotherrelatedmanagementmeasuresandcontrolmeans.Finally,thetraditionalelementsofhowthematchingSpacesguide.Block-levelcontrolregulationstostrengthenthegovernment'spublicservicefunctions,improvethepublicbenefitsofpriority,relativelyspeaking,thetraditionalelementsoftheshapeisrelativelyweakened.Visualimagery,bodymass,Feelplacestheelementsofthesetraditionalcontrolregulationsusuallytakeintoaccounturbandesignelements,notatstreetlevelregulatorycontroltobereflected,thentheblock-levelcontrolregulationsshouldbespaceelementswhichcontrolwhatshouldbedoneaboutthecityontheblockleveldesignelementstoguidethemaccordingly?Lookingforwardtothefutureassoonaspossibleanswerstothosequestions.References

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12,cityplanningapproachtomakePeople'sRepublicofChinaMinistryofConstructionNo.1462005-12-31剛?cè)岵?jì)——對(duì)北京街區(qū)層面控規(guī)的認(rèn)識(shí)與思考摘要文章通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃進(jìn)行分析，指出規(guī)劃成果難以轉(zhuǎn)化為規(guī)劃管理的公共政策、面對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化缺乏應(yīng)變能力、無法直接與宏觀規(guī)劃銜接等問題。繼而通過對(duì)北京市近年來提出的街區(qū)層面的控規(guī)的案例解讀、介紹和分析，研究編制街區(qū)層面（2-3平方公里的單元）的控規(guī)在應(yīng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)控規(guī)經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到的問題時(shí)所具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)和靈活性，特別突出它能夠?yàn)橐?guī)劃管理部門提供一個(gè)新的管理和協(xié)調(diào)的工具、并能較為靈活的應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜多元的市場(chǎng)變化、保障政府公共服務(wù)職能的特點(diǎn)。最后提出將來還需要對(duì)街區(qū)層面的控規(guī)的法律地位、規(guī)劃管理應(yīng)用手段、傳統(tǒng)空間要素的控制和引導(dǎo)等方面進(jìn)行深入的研究與探討。關(guān)鍵詞街區(qū)控規(guī)控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃規(guī)劃的剛性與彈性1．傳統(tǒng)控規(guī)編制中面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題傳統(tǒng)的控制性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃，自上世紀(jì)90年代出現(xiàn)至今，一直處在各方面利益的博弈和平衡的困擾之中。問題的焦點(diǎn)，主要集中在如何協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)劃管理所需要的剛性控制和應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的彈性應(yīng)變能力上：1.1傳統(tǒng)的控規(guī)無法充分體現(xiàn)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的控規(guī)一般只能直接反映地塊的性質(zhì)和開發(fā)建設(shè)強(qiáng)度，以及體現(xiàn)城市空間環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)和統(tǒng)一，關(guān)注的核心是空間和視覺上的美學(xué)效果，規(guī)劃師通過一系列的指標(biāo)來確定對(duì)用地的空間形態(tài)的控制。這種形式適合在全能型政府的指導(dǎo)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)“全市一盤棋”式的開發(fā)和建設(shè)。而隨著改革的深入進(jìn)行，政府職能由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的全能型向服務(wù)型轉(zhuǎn)化，政府的職能著重于政府管制和提供公共服務(wù)兩方面：一是要應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)活動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生的各種問題，維護(hù)社會(huì)功能的穩(wěn)定和秩序；二是要提供社會(huì)發(fā)展所必需的公共產(chǎn)品，特別是市場(chǎng)無力或者不愿意提供的公共產(chǎn)品。在城市建設(shè)方面，越來越多的房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)和工業(yè)企業(yè)成為城市開發(fā)建設(shè)的主體，越來越具有話語權(quán)，這時(shí)的政府需要放出一定的權(quán)限以便市場(chǎng)機(jī)制發(fā)揮作用，同時(shí)又要能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)保持社會(huì)功能穩(wěn)定、保障公共產(chǎn)品供給，需要體現(xiàn)出政府所代表的公共利益的最大化，這已經(jīng)不是原有的以空間為主的控規(guī)內(nèi)容所能反映的。1.2傳統(tǒng)的控規(guī)成果向公共政策轉(zhuǎn)化還有相當(dāng)?shù)牟罹喑鞘幸?guī)劃作為一項(xiàng)公共政策，在總體規(guī)劃確定了城鄉(xiāng)空間布局、對(duì)城市的公共資源進(jìn)行了有效配置、對(duì)人居環(huán)境做出了相應(yīng)的要求以后，需要進(jìn)一步對(duì)各項(xiàng)城市建設(shè)進(jìn)行全面的協(xié)調(diào)、引導(dǎo)和約束，并提供給城市規(guī)劃的管理部門一個(gè)管理工具。而傳統(tǒng)的控規(guī)雖然編制了整套的控制指標(biāo)及措施，但是由于它的成果以就事論事式的地塊控制圖則的形式提供，始終缺少總體平衡的環(huán)節(jié)以及應(yīng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化的靈活性。常見的現(xiàn)象是：對(duì)于近期馬上要投入建設(shè)的用地，在復(fù)雜多變的市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)面前，經(jīng)常要提出變更用地性質(zhì)、提高容積率和高度、調(diào)整布局等要求，這時(shí)的規(guī)劃管理部門，一般只能選擇在傳統(tǒng)的控規(guī)成果之外，通過對(duì)于地塊的有關(guān)條件的論證，增加一個(gè)規(guī)劃條件變更的論證與審核的環(huán)節(jié)，從審核的結(jié)果來看，由于在規(guī)劃中缺乏足夠的限制性條件的約束，許多提高容積率、高度的規(guī)劃控制條件調(diào)整申請(qǐng)只能“順利”通過。很多規(guī)劃管理部門都遇到過類似的尷尬：開發(fā)商提出來要將控規(guī)確定的某一地塊容積率從1.5調(diào)整到1.8，無論是從規(guī)劃技術(shù)上還是從管理政策上，找不到可以否定這個(gè)申請(qǐng)的理由，而如果將這些單獨(dú)地塊的神情全部通過的話，控規(guī)從整體上就相當(dāng)于白做了，正所謂“沒有空歸管理不好，有了控規(guī)不好管理”。1.3在多變的市場(chǎng)需求面前顯得過于僵化根據(jù)總規(guī)進(jìn)行全覆蓋編制的控規(guī)，面對(duì)遠(yuǎn)期沒有確定開發(fā)主體和開發(fā)模式的城市新區(qū)，只能依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)和有限的規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行設(shè)定一個(gè)終極藍(lán)圖，經(jīng)常需要假定該區(qū)會(huì)吸引什么性質(zhì)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、采用何種交通和居住模式等等要素。往往等到了需要實(shí)施的時(shí)候，城市建設(shè)機(jī)制已經(jīng)發(fā)生了非常多的轉(zhuǎn)變，投資的主體、開發(fā)模式、區(qū)域的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)制等都與原來的規(guī)劃設(shè)想不一致，產(chǎn)業(yè)、交通、居住的模式都已經(jīng)超出來原來的設(shè)想，這時(shí)候早已完成的控規(guī)就會(huì)變得非常的不合時(shí)宜。1.4面對(duì)上位規(guī)劃的宏觀要求難以對(duì)接總體規(guī)劃為了滿足城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)全面、協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求，往往會(huì)提出一些宏觀措施，如開發(fā)模式等內(nèi)容。這些帶有公共政策屬性的措施，在以地塊為目的的傳統(tǒng)控規(guī)中難以充分反映和對(duì)接。以北京市大興新城為例：按照《北京城市總體規(guī)劃（2004年-2020年）》，大興新城是北京未來面向區(qū)域發(fā)展的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)，在北京發(fā)展中具有極其重要的戰(zhàn)略地位，將引導(dǎo)發(fā)展生物醫(yī)藥等現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)，以及商業(yè)物流、文化教育等功能，是將來承載北京中心城疏解的人口和職能的11個(gè)新城之一。2020年大興新城規(guī)劃用地規(guī)模65平方公里，人口規(guī)模60萬人。此前，大興是作為北京的縣城、衛(wèi)星城來進(jìn)行建設(shè)，現(xiàn)狀條件與新城的規(guī)劃目標(biāo)之間有較大差距，缺乏足夠的吸引力，不能有效緩解市區(qū)壓力。比如：公共設(shè)施缺乏、已有設(shè)施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過低、與中心城交通聯(lián)系不暢等問題。如何完成由現(xiàn)狀向新城藍(lán)圖的轉(zhuǎn)變？在《大興新城規(guī)劃（2005年-2020年）》中，從新城的建設(shè)實(shí)施過程入手，確定了通過軌道交通建設(shè)、城市道路建設(shè)、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)、行政功能轉(zhuǎn)移、文教功能引入、主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)引入等六項(xiàng)要素為主，對(duì)新城建設(shè)進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)：這些要素共同發(fā)揮作用，并依據(jù)它們的空間影響范圍和特征進(jìn)行合理的時(shí)序上的安排，推動(dòng)新城的建設(shè)發(fā)展，使新城的規(guī)劃藍(lán)圖能夠在現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上逐步得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。面對(duì)上位規(guī)劃提出的類似的宏觀規(guī)劃要求，顯然不是一個(gè)個(gè)具體地塊的圖則能夠充分反映出來的，更談不上去應(yīng)對(duì)在長(zhǎng)達(dá)15年的規(guī)劃實(shí)施過程中各種要素的變化了。2．街區(qū)層面的控規(guī)的編制內(nèi)容形式近年來，北京市提出編制街區(qū)層面的控規(guī)，從一定程度上應(yīng)對(duì)了傳統(tǒng)地塊控規(guī)中普遍存在的問題。以大興新城的街區(qū)控規(guī)為例：首先劃分街區(qū)。在《大興新城規(guī)劃（2005年-2020年）》所劃分的七片區(qū)、三組團(tuán)的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合考慮區(qū)位特征、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施布局、市政交通設(shè)施服務(wù)能力及空間環(huán)境容量等各種影響因素，以街坊（介于街區(qū)和地塊單元之間，以河流、自然障礙物、主次干道、街道辦事處界限、特殊功能區(qū)邊界等為街坊劃分的界線）為劃分單元，劃分為38個(gè)街區(qū)，每個(gè)街區(qū)2~3平方公里。接著，在新城范圍內(nèi)整體確定街區(qū)的主導(dǎo)功能、建設(shè)總量和分類建設(shè)規(guī)模、建設(shè)基準(zhǔn)高度、建設(shè)強(qiáng)度范圍等要素。依據(jù)新城規(guī)劃，分解落實(shí)每個(gè)街區(qū)的主導(dǎo)功能，即街區(qū)的