2023年高考英語重難題型高分攻略02 詞匯角度解題-（教師版）

備戰(zhàn)2023高考七選五之詞匯角度

目錄內(nèi)容

板塊一題型解析

板塊二高考真題感悟

板塊三?？碱}練手

板塊四課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練

：題型解析

七選五考查的是學(xué)生對(duì)于文本的分析能力；考查的是段落與文章；句子與句子；詞匯與詞匯之間的邏

輯關(guān)系；文體一般為說明文；也就意味著文章結(jié)構(gòu)是非常清楚明晰的。詞匯角度主要集中在代詞；冠詞；

介詞；連詞等詞類角度.

解題方向：

代詞：

1：人稱代詞以及形容詞性物主代詞：he；she；her；his.

A：在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)代詞；那么空格之前應(yīng)當(dāng)有代詞指代的內(nèi)容

B：在空格后句出現(xiàn)代詞；那么空格處（正確選項(xiàng)）應(yīng)當(dāng)有代詞指代的內(nèi)容

2：指示代詞：

A：this；that（指代前文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞）

B：these；those（指代前文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞）

注：固定句式：one...theother/one...another/some....others

冠詞：

在此我們主要講解的是定冠詞：the因?yàn)閠he+n表特指（專有名詞除外）；那么該名詞可能會(huì)在前

文出現(xiàn)過（詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)）

詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)的幾種情況：

A：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：一模一樣的詞在前文出現(xiàn)；主要以名詞為主

B：同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：比如；tradition和convention；challenging和difficult等

C：上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：上義詞是概括性的詞；下義詞是具體的詞：如：上義詞為fruit；下義詞為apple；

strawberry等

D：同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：impress和impression

E：近/反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：isn'teasy=diflficult

連詞：

連詞我們主要以轉(zhuǎn)折連詞為主：but；however?包含這兩個(gè)詞的選項(xiàng)很大幾率被選中

also/t。。也是重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的；詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)或者句式復(fù)現(xiàn)

副/介詞：

1：thereare/hereare/below/following/above包含這些詞點(diǎn)多選項(xiàng)一般放在第一空總領(lǐng)全文或者結(jié)尾處

總結(jié)全文.

解題技巧：

1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概

念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

2.同范疇詞出現(xiàn)

同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語義銜接的目的.你可以在選

項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)

系越緊密。

3.代詞線索

英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這

樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。

4.邏輯關(guān)系線索

⑴表示時(shí)間:now,then,afterwards,fiveminuteslater,soon.beforelong,aftelthat,meanwhile,tothisday,

justnow,justthen等。

(2)表示順序:first/firstly,firstofalbsecond/secondly,next,third/thirdly,atfirst,atlast,intheend,finally

等。

(3)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,also,what'smore,inaddition,evenmore,oncemore,moreover等。

(4)表示因果關(guān)系:because,so,therefbre,asaresult,thanksto,becauseof,dueto等。

(5)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,vet,however,while,onthecontrary等。

(6)表示條件關(guān)系:if,unless,aslongas,solongas,onconditionthat等。(7)表示結(jié)果關(guān)系:thus,

therefore,asaresult,luckily,unfortunately等。

(8)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系：aboveall,indeed,surely,certainly,ofcourse,afterall,atleastatmost等。

(9)表示過渡性插入語:generallyspeaking,Ithink,Ihope,asyouknow等。

二：高考真題感悟

例題1：___1___Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperand

writenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.Letyourpen

followthewavesofthought.Don'tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon'tworkfor

everyone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.

Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect....

Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision....

C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.

D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.

E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.

解析：空格處是本段的主題句，由空后的"Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,put

yourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethe

paper.（當(dāng)你第一次想寫一篇文章的時(shí)候，把筆放在紙上，不間斷地寫10到15分鐘，不要讓筆離開紙。）”

可知，本段主要講的是要學(xué)會(huì)不間斷地寫，D選項(xiàng)"Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.（首

先，學(xué)習(xí)不間斷寫作的技巧。）“根據(jù)第二段的Thenexttechnique；第三段的Thethirdtechnique,可知

第一段選D。

例題2：ChopstickRules

Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdown

betweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.

―12—?

E.It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplate

F.Neverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem

G?Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal

解析：代詞指代。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“ChopstickRules”可知，本段主要講述的是使用筷子的規(guī)則。根

據(jù)上文“Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwith

theedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.（當(dāng)你在吃的間隙把它們放下來的時(shí)候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣

它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了）”可知，此處講述了正確使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Neverstick

themuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem（不要把它們筆直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使

用它們時(shí)交叉放置）”講述的也是使用筷子時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)，符合此處語境，其中“them”指的是上文的

“chopsticks”。故選F。

例題3：?Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,butIhavemadespecificchoicethatallowmetomake

themostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.16

Pickthemostimportant.

Combineyouractivities.

Lightenup.

E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.

F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.

G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.

解析：上文“Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,but1havemadespecificchoicethatallowme

tomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.（我和你一樣,每天都有24小時(shí),但我做了

具體的選擇，讓我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快樂和放松）”說明作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍

舊感到快樂和輕松，根據(jù)下文段落小標(biāo)題可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空格處應(yīng)是

承上啟下，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“helpyoumakethemostofyourtime”與上文"tomakethemostofeverydayw一致，

“tips”引出下文的建議，因此F項(xiàng)“也許這些建議會(huì)幫助你充分利用你的時(shí)間”符合語境，承上啟下。

故選F。

例題4：

Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceata

dinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.

___5___.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay

F.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking

G.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost

解析：根據(jù)上文“Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalways

getseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.（如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓

大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人）”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，設(shè)空處承上啟下，

下文“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.（這蛋糕特另U好吃，你得告訴我它

的一切）”對(duì)主人進(jìn)行了贊美。由此可知，宴會(huì)上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時(shí)，最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美

主人來緩解尷尬。G項(xiàng)"Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost（他

或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人）”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)

例題5：?5.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new"clotheshome.

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

EHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

解析：代詞指代；。后文提到“他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量的可重復(fù)使用的袋子，把他們的‘新'衣服帶

回家"，they指代前文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者代詞含義.G選項(xiàng)”告訴每個(gè)人帶上完好且干凈的衣服”everyone

恰好符合they所指代的復(fù)數(shù)含義，選項(xiàng)中的cleanclothes對(duì)應(yīng)下文的"new"clothes,

三：?？碱}練手

例題1：Anassociationbetweenindividualsworkingtogetherinthesameorganizationiscalledinterpersonal

relationship.Anindividualspendsaroundseventoeighthoursathisworkplaceanditispracticallynotpossible

forhimtoworkallalone.11Researchsaysproductivityincreaseswhenindividualsworkingroupsas

comparedtoanindividualworkingalone.

E.Individualscanalsocommunicatethroughemails.

F.Takeyourteamoutforlunch,picnicsorgettogetheronceinawhile.

G.Heneedspeopletotalktoanddiscussvariousissuesattheworkplace.

解析：空格前說"Anindividualspendsaroundseventoeighthoursathisworkplaceanditispractically

notpossibleforhimtoworkallalone.”（一個(gè)人在他的工作場(chǎng)所工作七到八個(gè)小時(shí)，他不可能獨(dú)自工作。），

空格后說“Researchsaysproductivity'increaseswhenindividualsworkingroupsascomparedtoan

individualworkingalone.”（研究表明，與單打獨(dú)斗工作相比，個(gè)人集體工作時(shí)的工作效率會(huì)提高。員工必

需在工作場(chǎng)所和睦相處，以營(yíng)造健康的氛圍。）可知空格處應(yīng)該說他需要在工作場(chǎng)所和人進(jìn)行交談和溝通,

G項(xiàng)“Heneedspeopletotalktoanddiscussvariousissuesattheworkplace."（他需要在工作場(chǎng)所與人交談

并討論各種問題。）,選項(xiàng)中的“He”指代上文的“Anindividual”。能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選G

例題2：Thegreatoutdoors:it'stheplacetoheadforwhenyou'reinneedofpeaceandquiet,openspaces,

beautifulsceneryandexercise.Whetherahugemountainrangeoralocalcountrypark,thesenaturalareasare

perfectplacestorefreshuswhenweliveastressfullife.

Asanexample,inthefoothillsoftheSnowdoniaNationalParkintheUK,specialisttherapysessionsare

heldtohelppeoplewhosufferfromdepression,anxietyandstress......

E.Theseincludeimprovingsocialcontact,socialandworkskills.

F.Innatureyoucandomanythings,includingreadingpapersandwatchingTV.

G.Theircalmingandrelievingpowerisbeingusedmoreandmoretotreatmentalhealthproblems.

解析：空格前說"Anindividualspendsaroundseventoeighthoursathisworkplaceanditispractically

notpossibleforhimtoworkallalone.w（一個(gè)人在他的工作場(chǎng)所工作七到八個(gè)小時(shí)，他不可能獨(dú)自工作。），

空格后說aResearchsaysproductivityincreaseswhenindividualsworkingroupsascomparedtoan

individualworkingalone."（研究表明，與單打獨(dú)斗工作相比，個(gè)人集體工作時(shí)的工作效率會(huì)提高。員工必

需在工作場(chǎng)所和睦相處，以營(yíng)造健康的氛圍。）可知空格處應(yīng)該說他需要在工作場(chǎng)所和人進(jìn)行交談和溝通，

G項(xiàng)“Heneedspeopletotalktoanddiscussvariousissuesattheworkplace."（他需要在工作場(chǎng)所與人交談

并討論各種問題。）,選項(xiàng)中的“He”指代上文的“Anindividual”。能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選G

例題3：Practiceactivegratefulness.

Alotofresearchesconfirmthatbeinggratefulisgoodforyou.Itreducesanxietyanddepression,helpsyou

becomemorepositive,strengthensyourrelationshipswithothers,andencouragessympathy.___44___

E.Happinessisn'tasimplegoal,butisaboutmakingprogress.

F.Italsohasbeenshowntoincreaseyourfeelingsofhappiness.

G.However,youcanactuallychangethewayyourbrainfunctions.

解析：據(jù)空前“Alotofresearchesconfirmthatbeinggratefulisgoodforyou.Itreducesanxietyand

depression,helpsyoubecomemorepositive,strengthensyourrelationshipswithothers,andencourages

sympathy.（許多研究證實(shí)，感恩對(duì)你有好處。它減少焦慮和抑郁，幫助你變得更積極，加強(qiáng)你與他人的

關(guān)系，并激發(fā)同情心。）”列舉了感恩的益處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Italsohasbeenshowntoincreaseyourfeelingsof

happiness.（它也被證明能增加你的幸福感。）繼續(xù)列舉感恩的另一個(gè)益處。契合上文。故選F項(xiàng)。

例題4：Otherplasticproductsareoftenrecycled.Butwecan'trecyclemasks.Scientistshavecalledfor

settingupmask-onlytrashcans（垃圾箱）todealwithmaskwaste.10.Webelievethatwecansolvethis

probleminthenearfuturethoughthereisstillalotofworktodo.

C.Theyalsosuggestthatweusemorereusablecottonmasks.

D.Thatistosay,weuse2.8millionmaskseveryminute!

E.Theseusedplasticmaskscannotonlypollutetheearthbutalsooceans.

解析：前文wScientistshavecalledforsettingupmask-onlytrashcanstodealwithmaskwaste.（科學(xué)

家們呼吁建立只供口罩使用的垃圾桶來處理口罩垃圾。）”提到了專家的一個(gè)建議，從而推斷出空處可能

會(huì)繼續(xù)介紹其他的建議。A項(xiàng)“他們還建議我們使用更多的可重復(fù)使用的棉口罩”符合語境。They指代

前文農(nóng)大scientists故選A項(xiàng)。

例題5：Thisnamingrule,however,hadanobviousweakness.Thesamelistofnameswasrecycledeveryyear,

sothe1950-1952seasonseachfeaturedaHurricaneAblethroughatleastHurricaneFox.Thatbecameconfusing,so

in1953theU.S.NationalHurricaneCenterbeganusingfemalehumannames,whichprovedfarmoresuccessful.

Notonlydiditmakestormidentificationeasier,butithelpedauthoritiesandnewsoutletsspreadwarnings.4.

A.Besides,ithelpedthepublicpayattentiontothem.

B-Thesenameswerechosenfromsomefamiliarwords.

D.Thesenamesofretiredhurricanesaresillyorunreasonable

解析：由上一句“它不僅使風(fēng)暴識(shí)別更加容易，而且?guī)椭?dāng)局和新聞機(jī)構(gòu)傳播警報(bào)?！笨芍?，上下兩

句講颶風(fēng)用女性人名命名的好處，上下兩句是順承遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，承接上文，A選項(xiàng)“此外，它也有助于公眾

對(duì)它們的關(guān)注?！鼻蓄}。故選A項(xiàng)。

例題6：Herearesometipstogetyourlittleonestohelpyoudohouseworknaturally.

Exposekidstohouseworkasmuchaspossible

Whentheyareyoung,letthemwatchyoucook,washclothesorwalkthedog,orletthemhelpmakea

bed.16.

E.Justlikeadults,kidsdon'tlikebeingbossedaround.

EYou'11besurprisedbyhowmuchchildrenlearnbysimplyobservingwhatyoudo.

G.Basically,besurethey'rearoundanythingyouwantthemtohelpyoulaterinlife.

解析：代詞指代；根據(jù)上文“Whentheyareyoung,letthemwatchyoucook,washclothesorwalkthe

dog,orletthemhelpmakeabed.（當(dāng)他們年輕時(shí),讓他們看你做飯、洗衣服或遛狗，或者讓他們幫忙鋪床。）”

可知，上文舉例介紹了讓孩子盡可能多地看你做家務(wù)，讓他們接觸到家務(wù)，G項(xiàng)意為“總的來說，確保他

們?cè)谀阆Ｍ麄冊(cè)谝院蟮纳钪袔椭阕龅娜魏问虑榈闹車??！边x項(xiàng)是對(duì)上文的總結(jié)，當(dāng)孩子小的時(shí)候，

讓他們看你做飯、洗衣服或遛狗，總的來說，你想在未來的生活中讓孩子幫助你做什么，就讓孩子看你做

什么。故選G。

四：課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練

PassageA

Ponds（池塘）areacommonsight.Therearedifferentkindsofponds.___16___Likeotherkindsofponds,

theycanaddbeautytoagardenoralandscape.Thedifferenceisthatthey'repoweredbysolarenergy.

Agreatpondusuallyneedsanenergysourcetopowerupapumpandlights.Withoutapump,apondmay

hardlyreceivenewcleanwater.___17___Asolar-poweredpumphelpsmaintainhealthywaterqualityandenables

theadditionoffish,ifdesired.

Nosolargardenpondwouldbecompletewithoutsolar-poweredlights.Theyarepoweredbyafree,renewable

energysource.Thisallowsusagreenlife.___18___Strategicplacementoflightsaroundapondwillresultina

beautifulappearance,bothduringthedayandatnight.

___19____Thesolarpumpandlightsneedtogetenergyfromthesun.Placingapondindirectsunlight

increasesthegrowthofalgae（藻）insummer.However,placingitintheshadeorpartialshademaynotproduce

enoughsolarenergytokeeppumpsandlightsrunning.

Ifyou'vedecidedtocreatesuchapond,chooseasuitablelocationforyourpond,andconsiderbuyingproper

solaraccessoriesaccordingtoyourpond'slocation,sizeandsoon.Ifpossible,youcanaskprofessionalsfor

suggestions.___20___

A.Therearemanywaystoliveagreenlife.

B.Theneedfbrinconvenientwiringcanbeavoidedaswell.

C.Nowadays,there'sagrowinginterestinsolargardenponds.

D.Usingsolarenergyforsuchpondsisnotwithoutlimitations.

E.Thatiswhycleanwateriskeytothesurvivalofhumanbeings.

F.Throughyourefforts,youaresuretogetabeautifulandefficientoneintheend.

G.Thepondmaybecomedirtyandsmellbadwithalotofmosquitoesflyingaround.

解析：本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了太陽能花園池塘通過使用太陽能給池塘供電，給人們帶來

諸多便利和好處，但同時(shí)也有不足之處。

16.根據(jù)上文"Therearedifferentkindsofponds.（有不同種類的池塘）”和下文"Likeotherkindsof

ponds,theycanaddbeautytoagardenoralandscape.Thedifferenceisthatthey'repoweredbysolar

energy.（像其他種類的池塘一樣，它們可以為花園或風(fēng)景增色。不同的是，它們是由太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)的）”可知，

設(shè)空句中會(huì)提及一種由太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)的不同類型的池塘，C項(xiàng)"Nowadays,there'sagrowinginterestinsolar

gardenponds.（如今，人們對(duì)太陽能花園池塘越來越感興趣）”中的“solargardenponds”即這種新型池

塘，也是下文指示代詞“they”指代對(duì)象。故選C項(xiàng)。

17.上文“Withoutapump,apondmayhardlyreceivenewcleanwater.（沒有水泵，池塘可能很難接收

新的干凈的水）”提出沒有水泵池塘就很難獲得干凈的水，結(jié)合常識(shí)，G項(xiàng)“Thepondmaybecomedirtyand

smellbadwithalotofmosquitoesflyingaround.（池塘可能會(huì)變得骯臟和惡臭，還有許多蚊子飛來飛去）”

給出這種情況會(huì)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，上下文語意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。

18.上文“Theyarepoweredbyafree,renewableenergysource.Thisallowsusagreenlife.（它們由一種

免費(fèi)的可再生能源提供動(dòng)力。這讓我們有一個(gè)綠色的生活）”提出太陽能花園池塘帶給我們的好處，B項(xiàng)

"Theneedforinconvenientwiringcanbeavoidedaswell.（也可以避免不方便的布線）“承接上文，繼續(xù)歹U

舉太陽能池塘帶給我們的另一個(gè)好處，句中“aswell”表明其并列關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。

19.設(shè)空處為本段主題句。根據(jù)段中"Thesolarpumpandlightsneedtogetenergyfromthesun.Placing

apondindirectsunlightincreasesthegrowthofalgae（藻）insummer.（太陽能泵和太陽能燈需要從太陽獲

得能量。把池塘放在陽光直射下會(huì)增加藻類的生長(zhǎng)）”可知，本段主要介紹太陽能花園池塘的缺陷。D項(xiàng)

“Usingsolarenergyfbrsuchpondsisnotwithoutlimitations.（在這種池塘中使用太陽能并非沒有局限性）”

能很好概括段落主題。故選D項(xiàng)。

20.上文“Ifyou'vedecidedtocreatesuchapond,chooseasuitablelocationforyourpond,and

considerbuyingpropersolaraccessoriesaccordingtoyourpond'slocation,sizeandsoon?（如果你已經(jīng)決

定創(chuàng)建這樣一個(gè)池塘，為你的池塘選擇一個(gè)合適的位置，并考慮購(gòu)買適當(dāng)?shù)奶柲芘浼鶕?jù)你的池塘的位

置，大小等等）”介紹了建造太陽能花園池塘需要考慮的事情，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)wThroughyourefforts,youaresureto

getabeautifulandefficientoneintheend.（通過你的努力，你一定會(huì)得到一個(gè)漂亮和高效的最后）”承接上

文，給出文章結(jié)語，且句中“youreffortsw與上文choose...,andconsider...andsoon.“相照應(yīng)。故選F

項(xiàng)。

PassageB

Inourdailylives,weneedtolookatwherewefocusourtimeandenergy.16____ourhealth,our

children,problemsatwork,thenationaldebt,orthenuclearwar.Wecouldseparatethosefromthingsinwhichwe

havenoparticularmentaloremotionalinvolvementbycreatinga“CircleofConcern”.

17,itbecomesapparentthattherearesomethingsoverwhichwehavenorealcontrolandothersthat

wecandosomethingabout.Wecouldidentifythoseconcernsinthelattergroupbylimitingthemwithinasmaller

CircleofInfluence.

Proactive（積極主動(dòng)的）peoplefocustheireffortsontheCircleofInfluence.18.Thenatureoftheir

energyispositive,enlargingandmagnifying,causingtheirCircleofInfluencetoincrease.

Reactivepeople,ontheotherhand,focustheireffortsontheCircleofConcern.____19,theproblemsin

theenvironment,andcircumstancesoverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.Theirfocusresultsinblamingandaccusing

attitudes,reactivelanguage,andincreasedfeelingsofsadness.

_20-tobeabetterlistener,tobeamorelovingmarriagepartner,tobeabetterstudent,tobeamore

cooperativeanddedicatedemployee.Sometimesthemostproactivethingwecandoisbehappy,justtogenuinely

smile.Happiness,likeunhappiness,isaproactivechoice.Therearethings,liketheweather,whichourCircleof

Influencewillneverinclude.Butasproactivepeople,wecancarryourownphysicalorsocialweatherwithus.We

canbehappyandacceptthosethingsthatatpresentwecan'tcontrol,whilewefocusoureffortsonthethingsthatwe

can.

A.Ourtimeandenergyarelimited

B.Weeachhaveawiderangeofconcerns

C.Theyfocusontheweaknessofotherpeople

D.Theyworkonthethingstheycandosomethingabout

E.AswelookatthosethingswithinourCircleofConcern

F.TherearesomanywaystoworkintheCircleofInfluence

G.Nowthatit'sagoodideatofocusonyourCircleofConcern

解析：

本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是“關(guān)注圈”和“影響圈％并介紹了積極的人和被動(dòng)的人的區(qū)別。

16.空后說"ourhealth,ourchildren,problemsatwork,thenationaldebt,orthenuclearwar（我們的健

康，我們的孩子，工作上的問題，國(guó)家債務(wù)，或者核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）%這些都是我們關(guān)注的事情，B選項(xiàng)“Weeach

haveawiderangeofconcerns（我們每個(gè)人都有各種各樣的關(guān)注）”引出了下文我們關(guān)注的事情，因此B選項(xiàng)

引起下文，符合語境，故選B。

17?根據(jù)下文“itbecomesapparentthattherearesomethingsoverwhichwehavenorealcontroland

othersthatwecandosomethingabout（很明顯，有些事情我們無法真正控制，而有些事情我們可以做些什

么）”可知，空后的內(nèi)容是我們?cè)趯徱曇恍┦虑闀r(shí)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，E選項(xiàng)“Aswelookatthosethingswithinour

CircleofConceni（當(dāng)我們觀察我們的擔(dān)憂圈內(nèi)的那些事情時(shí)）”引出了下文在觀察完關(guān)注圈內(nèi)的那些事情

后的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此E選項(xiàng)引起下文，符合語境，故選E。

18.空前說“Proactive（積極主動(dòng)的）peoplefocustheireffortsontheCircleofInfluence4積極主動(dòng)的人

把精力集中在自己的影響圈上。）”，D選項(xiàng)“Theyworkonthethingstheycandosomethingabout（他們致

力于他們能做的事情）''中的They指代的是前面的“Proactive（積極主動(dòng)的）people”，且承接上文，繼續(xù)說

這些積極主動(dòng)的人會(huì)做的事情，因此D選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語境，故選D。

19.空前說“Reactivepeople,ontheotherhand,focustheireffortsontheCircleofConcern.（另一方面，

被動(dòng)的人把精力集中在關(guān)注的圈子里空后說"theproblemsintheenvironment,andcircumstancesover

whichtheyhavenocontrol.（環(huán)境中的問題，以及他們無法控制的情況。）”，這說明被動(dòng)的人把精力集中在

一些不好的事情上，C選項(xiàng)“Theyfocusontheweaknessofotherpeople（他們只關(guān)注別人的弱點(diǎn)）”說明了被

動(dòng)的人會(huì)怎么做，且說明他們關(guān)注的是不好的事情，因此C選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選C。

20?空后說"tobeabetterlistener,tobeamorelovingmarriagepartner,tobeabetterstudent,tobea

morecooperativeanddedicatedemployee.（做一個(gè)更好的傾聽者，做一個(gè)更有愛的婚姻伴侶，做一個(gè)更好

的學(xué)生，做一個(gè)更合作、更敬業(yè)的員工。）“，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)"TherearesomanywaystoworkintheCircleof

Infhieiice（在影響圈里有很多工作方式）”中的“manyways”指的是空后的那些方法，說明了影響圈里有很多

工作方式，因此F選項(xiàng)引起下文，符合語境，故選F。

PassageC

Therearemanyfriendsthatwillcomeintoyourlife-somewillgraduallylosetouch,somewillbegetting

closer,andsomeyouwillactivelychoosenottobefriendswith.36____Butyouroldfriendsseemtostick

around,andnomatterhownearorfartheyare,theycontinuetobeapartofyourlife.

Fromoldfriendswelearnhowmuchwegrow.37____Theyencourageustodobetterandeventheyforce

ustodobetter.Weknowthatifwe9rehappywithwhowe'vebecome,theymayplayaroleinthatprocess.

Thesenseoffreedomthatcomeswitholdfriendsisnewfriendsfailingtobring.Youdon'tneedtomakeagood

impressionwithpeoplewhoknowyouwell.38Theyouthisoftenfilledwithmanyplayfulmomentsand

carelesschoices.Thereisavividrecollectionofdifficultperiodsthatyouhavebeenthrough.

Witholdfriends,yourealizetruefriendshipsaredifficulttocreate,tocultivate,andtoholdonto.39

Oldfriendsholdamirrorinfrontofusandallowustoseehowfarwe'vegone,andhowfarwestillhavetogo

toachieveourgoals.40Oldfriendsremindusthatthepastisbothgoodandbad,andthatthefutureis

somethingtolookforwardto.Nomatterhowtimegoesby,whenwe'rewithouroldfriends,wewillfeelat

home-wherewecanbestupidandhappywithpeoplewholoveus.

A.Whenyou'reachild,makingfriendsdoesnotrequiretoomucheffort.

B.Witholdfriendsthereisoftengreatlaughterwhenyoushareyourpast.

C.Theyarethepeoplewhohavesimilarexperienceandsimpleinnocence.

D.Thisfactnotonlyexistsinourschooldays,butalsowillcontinuetotheyearstocome.

E.Thegratefulnessthatyouhaveforhavingafriendlongenoughtocalltheman“oldfriend^^feelswonderful.

F.Oldfriendsshowusallthepartsthatwestillneedtochange,andsomeofthepartswemayneverchange.

G.They9rethepeoplewho'veusuallywitnessedeverythingfromourmajoraccomplishmentstooursmall

mistakes.

解析：

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了真正的老朋友在人生中的重要意義。

36?上文“Therearemanyfriendsthatwillcomeintoyourlife-somewillgraduallylosetouch,somewill

begettingcloser,andsomeyouwillactivelychoosenottobefriendswith.（很多朋友會(huì)走進(jìn)你的生活，有些

會(huì)逐漸失去聯(lián)系，有些會(huì)越來越親近，而有些你會(huì)主動(dòng)選擇不和他們做朋友）”說明有的朋友在人們生活中

來來走走，有的會(huì)一直是好朋友，D項(xiàng)“Thisfactnotonlyexistsinourschooldays,butalsowillcontinueto

theyearstocome.（這一事實(shí)不僅存在于我們的學(xué)生時(shí)代，而且將持續(xù)到未來的歲月）”中“Thisfact”指代上

文提到的內(nèi)容，符合語境，故選D。

37.上文“Fromoldfriendswelearnhowmuchwegrow.（從老朋友那里，我們知道自己成長(zhǎng)了多少）”說

明老朋友見證了我們的成長(zhǎng)；下文“Theyencourageustodobetterandeventheyforceustodobetter.（他們

鼓勵(lì)我們做得更好，甚至強(qiáng)迫我們做得更好）”說明老朋友一直在激勵(lì)我們成長(zhǎng)。G項(xiàng)“They'rethepeople

who'veusuallywitnessedeverythingfromourmajoraccomplishmentstooursmallmistakes.（他們通常見

證了我們從重大成就到小錯(cuò)誤的一切）”承上啟下，說明這些人見證了我們的一切，從重大的成就到小的錯(cuò)

誤，和前后內(nèi)容相符，故選G。

38.下文“Theyouthisoftenfilledwithmanyplayfulmomentsandcarelesschoices.Thereisavivid

recollectionofdifficultperiodsthatyouhavebeenthrough.（青春往往充滿了許多玩鬧的時(shí)刻和粗心的選

擇。你所經(jīng)歷的困難時(shí)期有一個(gè)生動(dòng)的回憶）”，B選項(xiàng)“Witholdfriendsthereisoftengreatlaughterwhen

youshareyourpast.（和老朋友在一起，當(dāng)你分享你的過去時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)有大笑）”中的“yourpast”指的就是下

文的“youhavebeenthrough”一致，說明了和老朋友分享過去很開心，故選B。

39.上文“Witholdfriends,yourealizetruefriendshipsaredifficulttocreate,tocultivate,andtohold

011to.（和老朋友在一起，你會(huì)意識(shí)到真正的友誼是很難建立、培養(yǎng)和保持的戶說明老朋友是很難得的。E

項(xiàng)“Thegratefulnessthatyouhaveforhavingafriendlongenoughtocalltheman"oldfriend^^feels

wonderful.（有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久的朋友，你能稱他們?yōu)椤袄吓笥?這種感激之情讓你感覺很棒）”承接上文，說明有

這么一個(gè)老朋友應(yīng)該覺得感激，符合語境，故選E。

40.根據(jù)上文"Oldfriendsholdamirrorinfrontofusandallowustoseehowfarwe'vegone,andhow

farwestillhavetogotoachieveourgoals.（老朋友在我們面前舉著一面鏡子，讓我們看到我們已經(jīng)走了多

遠(yuǎn)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)還有多遠(yuǎn)）”和下文“Oldfriendsremindusthatthepastisbothgoodandbad,and

thatthefutureissomethingtolookforwardto.（老朋友提醒我們，過去有好有壞，未來值得期待）”可知，老

朋友讓我們看清自己，知道自己的得失，以及未來的路該怎么走。這些都是他們對(duì)我們的幫助。F項(xiàng)“Old

friendsshowusallthepartsthatwestillneedtochange,andsomeofthepartswemayneverchange.（老朋

友告訴我們所有我們?nèi)匀恍枰淖兊牟糠?，以及一些我們可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變的部分）”在句式上和前后一

致，說明老朋友可以幫我們做的事情，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。

PassageD

Whilenoonecanavoidallstress,youcanworktohandleitinhealthywaysthatincreaseyourpotentialto

recover.

Eatanddrinktoimproveyourhealth.Somepeopletrytoreducestressbydrinkingalcoholoreatingtoo

much.16____Butactuallythesemayaddtostressinthelongrun.Caffeinealsocanworsentheeffectsof

stress.Consumingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelptopreventstress.

Exerciseregularly.17Considernon-competitiveaerobic（有氧的）exercise,strengtheningwith

weights,ormovementactivitieslikeyogaorTaiChi,andsetreasonablegoalsforyourself.Aerobicexercisehas

beenshowntoreleaseendorphins-naturalsubstancesthathelpyoufeelbetterandmaintainapositiveattitude.