epA1PUp高中化學(xué)常用方程式大全

高中化學(xué)常用方程式大全

目錄表

高中化學(xué)常用方程式大全..........................................................1

一、無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)方程式..........................................................5

A.................................................................................................................................................................5

Ag.......................................................................................................................................................5

Al.......................................................................................................................................................5

As.......................................................................................................................................................6

B.................................................................................................................................................................6

Ba.......................................................................................................................................................6

Be.......................................................................................................................................................6

Br.......................................................................................................................................................6

C.................................................................................................................................................................7

C.................................................................................................................................................................7

Ca.......................................................................................................................................................8

Cl.......................................................................................................................................................8

Cu.......................................................................................................................................................8

F.................................................................................................................................................................9

F2.......................................................................................................................................................9

Fe.......................................................................................................................................................9

II................................................................................................................................................................10

H2.....................................................................................................................................................10

Hg......................................................................................................................................................10

HF......................................................................................................................................................11

HC1....................................................................................................................................................11

HBr...................................................................................................................................................11

HI......................................................................................................................................................11

H20...................................................................................................................................................11

H2O2..................................................................................................................................................11

H2S...................................................................................................................................................11

H2cO3................................................................................................................................................12

HC10.................................................................................................................................................12

HNO3..................................................................................................................................................12

H3PO4................................................................................................................................................12

H2SO3................................................................................................................................................13

H2SO4................................................................................................................................................13

I................................................................................................................................................................14

K................................................................................................................................................................14

K........................................................................................................................................................14

K2O、K2O2........................................................................................................................................14

KOH...................................................................................................................................................14

K2cO3................................................................................................................................................14

KHCO3...................................................................14

KC103...................................................................14

KI......................................................................14

KAI(SO)2................................................................14

KMnOi...................................................................15

KSCN....................................................................15

KH......................................................................15

L...........................................................................15

Li......................................................................15

Li20....................................................................15

LiOH....................................................................15

Li2cO3..................................................................15

LiHCO3..................................................................15

M...........................................................................15

Mg......................................................................15

MgO.....................................................................16

Mg(OH)2.................................................................16

MgC03...................................................................16

Mg(HC03)2................................................................16

MgSO4...................................................................16

MnO2....................................................................16

N...........................................................................16

N2......................................................................16

NO、NO2、N2O5............................................................16

NII3.....................................................................17

NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3.......................................................17

NH4CI...................................................................17

NH4NO3..................................................................17

(NH4)2S03S(NH。2soi......................................................17

Na^Na?。、gOz..........................................................18

Nall.....................................................................18

NaOH....................................................................18

NaAlOz..................................................................18

NaCKNaClO、NaBr、Nai.................................................19

Na2cO3、NaHC03...........................................................19

NaN03>NaN02.............................................................19

NasPO】、NaH2P0八Na2HPO4.................................................19

Na2S>NaHS..............................................................19

Na2so八Na2sO3、Na2s2O3...................................................20

Na2SiO3.................................................................20

C6H50Na.................................................................20

0..........................................................................20

02......................................................................20

O3......................................................................21

P......................................................................................................................................................21

P..............................................................................................................................................21

P2O3、P2O5...................................................................................21

Pb、Pb02................................................................................................................................21

（CH3COO）2Pb.................................................................................21

R......................................................................................................................................................21

S......................................................................................................................................................21

S..............................................................................................................................................21

S02..........................................................................................................................................22

SO3..........................................................................................................................................22

Si............................................................................................................................................22

SiO2.........................................................................................................................................22

Z......................................................................................................................................................23

Zn............................................................................................................................................23

ZnO..........................................................................................................................................23

Zn（OH）2..................................................................................................................................23

二、熱化學(xué)方程式...........................................................23

B.....................................................................................................................................................23

C......................................................................................................................................................23

H.....................................................................................................................................................24

N......................................................................................................................................................25

P......................................................................................................................................................25

S......................................................................................................................................................25

三、有機(jī)反應(yīng)方程式.........................................................25

（一）烷燒....................................................................25

（二）烯煌....................................................................26

（三）快燒....................................................................26

（四）芳香煌..................................................................26

（五）石油....................................................................26

（六）鹵代煌..................................................................26

（七）醇類(lèi)....................................................................27

（八）酚類(lèi)....................................................................27

（九）醛類(lèi)....................................................................27

（十）竣酸....................................................................28

（十一）糖類(lèi)..................................................................28

（十二）酯、油脂.............................................................28

（十三）氨基酸...............................................................29

四、離子方程式A........................................................................................................................29

Al............................................................................................................................................29

Ag............................................................................................................................................30

As............................................................................................................................................30

B......................................................................................................................................................30

Ba............................................................................................................................................30

Br............................................................................................................................................31

C......................................................................................................................................................31

C..............................................................................................................................................31

Ca............................................................................................................................................32

Cl............................................................................................................................................32

CN............................................................................................................................................32

Cr............................................................................................................................................32

Cu............................................................................................................................................33

CxHyOz......................................................................................................................................33

F......................................................................................................................................................33

F2............................................................................................................................................33

Fe............................................................................................................................................33

H......................................................................................................................................................35

If............................................................................................................................................35

H2O..........................................................................................................................................35

H2O2.........................................................................................................................................35

H2cO3系列...............................................................35

H3PO1系列...............................................................36

H2s系歹U..................................................................................................................................36

H2sO3系列...............................................................37

I......................................................................................................................................................37

L......................................................................................................................................................37

M......................................................................................................................................................37

Mg............................................................................................................................................37

Mn............................................................................................................................................37

N......................................................................................................................................................38

Na............................................................................................................................................38

NH3系列................................................................38

N02\N03..............................................................................................................................38

0......................................................................................................................................................39

P......................................................................................................................................................39

S......................................................................................................................................................39

S..............................................................................................................................................39

Si............................................................................................................................................40

Z.....................................................................................................................................................40

五、電極方程式.............................................................41

（一）原電池電極方程式.......................................................41

1.Cu—II2S0—Zn原電池................................................41

2.Cu-FeCla—C原電池.................................................41

3.鋼鐵在潮濕的空氣中發(fā)生吸氧腐蝕...................................41

4.氫氧燃料電池（中性介質(zhì)）..........................................41

5.氫氧燃料電池（酸性介質(zhì)）..........................................42

6.氫氧燃料電池（堿性介質(zhì)）..........................................42

7,鉛蓄電池（放電）....................................................42

8.Al—NaOH—Mg原電池..................................................42

9.CH,燃料電池（堿性介質(zhì)）.............................................42

10.熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池...............................................43

11.銀鋅紐扣電池（堿性介質(zhì)）...........................................43

（―）電解電極方程式.........................................................43

1.電解CuCk溶液.....................................................43

2.電解精煉銅........................................................43

3.電鍍銅.............................................................43

4.電解飽和食鹽水....................................................44

5.電解HC1溶液......................................................44

6.電解NaOH溶液.....................................................44

7.電解H2soi溶液.....................................................44

8.電解KNO；,溶液......................................................44

9.電解CuSO,溶液.....................................................44

10.電解AgN0+溶液....................................................45

11.鉛蓄電池（充電）.................................................45

一、無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)方程式

A

Ag

Ag+2HN03（^）====AgN03+N021+H202AgCl====2Ag+Cl2t（見(jiàn)光

或受熱）

AgN03+NaCl====AgCl；+NaNO:i

AgN03+NaBr====AgBrl+NaN03

AgNO；i+Nai====AglI+NaNO;i

Ag3P0,+3HN03====H3P01+3AgN0:5

Al

Al

占燃△△

4A1+302T^2A1Z03（純氧）

2A1+3S=A12s32A1+3CL^=2A1C13

4A1+3MnO2^^=2Al203+3Mn2A1+Cr20：（=^=A1A+2Cr

A

2A1+FeQ,=^=A10+2Fe2Al+3FeO^=AlA+3Fe

2A1+6HC1====2A1C13+3H2t2A1+3H2SO1====A12（SO,1）3+3H2t

2A1+6H2soi（濃）^=A12（S0）3+3S02t+6H20

A1+4HNO3（^）====A1（NO3）3+NOt+2H20（Al、Fe在冷、濃的硫酸、硝酸中鈍化）

2Al+2Na0H+2H20====2NaA102+3H2t

AI2O3、Al(OH)3

A12O3+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+3H201(Al。是兩性氧化物)

Al。+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H,OjrJl工羊1

,、△

2A1(OH)3^=A12O3+3H2O

Al(0H)3+3HCl====AlCl:i+3H,0

2A1(OH)3+3H2SO,====Al2(SOj3+6H20

Al(0H)3+Na0H====NaA102+2H20

鋁鹽

AlCl3+3NaOH====Al(OH)3I+3NaCl

A1CL+3NH3?H2O====A1(OH)31+3NHC1

2AlCl3+3Na2C0s+3H20====2Al(OH)31+3C02f+6NaCl

AlCl3+3NaHC03====Al(0H)31+3C0,t+3NaCl

AlCl:i+3NaA102+6H20====4Al(OH)31+3NaCl

AlCl3+4Na0H====NaA102+3NaCl+2H20

Al2(SO.)3+3Na2S+6H20====2Al(OH)3I+3H2st+3Na2SO,

ALC3+I2FLO=====4A1(OH)31+3CH,t

As

AS0+6Zn+12HC1====2AsH

23+6ZnCl_2+3H2。

3As2s3+28HNO：,(稀)+4HQ====6%AsO,+9H2S04+28N0t

As2s3+28HN0：；(濃)====2H3ASO“+3H2sol+28N0,t+8H2O

B

Ba

Ba(OH)2+C02====BaC0：」+H20Ba(OH)2+2c0“過(guò)

量)====Ba(HCO3)2

Ba(OH)2+H,SO,====BaSOJ+2H20

3Ba(0H)+2H3P0,====Ba(P0)l+

23!26H20

BaCl+HSO.,=====BaSOj+2HC1

22BaCl2+Na2s(X=====BaSO”

l+2NaCl

BaCO:i+2HCl====BaCl2+CO2f+H20BaC03+2HN03====Ba(N03)2+C021+H20

BaO2+H2SO4?)====BaS041+H202

Be

Be+2HCl====BeCl2+H2]Be+2NaOH====Na2BeO2+H2?

BeCL+2NaOH====Be(OH)21+2NaClBe(OH)2+2HCl====BeCl2+2H,0

Be(OH)2+2NaOH====Na2BeO2+2H2O

Br

△

Br2+H2=2HBr+2Fe====2FeBr3

Br2+2FeBr2====2FeBr3Br2+2NaI====2NaBr+

Br2+2HI====2HBr+I2

Br2+H20====HBr+HBrOBr2+2NaOH

=====NaBr+NaBr0+H20

Br2+SO2+2H20====H2S04+2HBrBr2+H2S====S[+2HBr

c

c

點(diǎn)燃

C+2RT』CF」

點(diǎn)燃

c+2cLe^CCL

2C+OK少量）上筌=2C0

C+OK足量）空駕CO?

c+co尸里L(fēng)2co

C+H2=里L(fēng)C0+H2（生成水煤氣）

2C+SiO,=^Si+2COt（制得粗硅）

C+Si=^SiC（金剛砂）C+2S0=CS?

電爐A

3C+CaOCaCz+COf

電爐

3C+SiO.=SiC+2COt

C+2H2sol（濃）2T+2S0,f+2H20

C+4HNCU濃）=^C021+4N021+2H.0

CO

盧燃

2C0+0,=^=2C0,

CO+CuO萼也C11+CO2

3C0+Fe20：1=^^2Fe+3cO2

C0+H20^=^C02+H,

C02

聲燃

CO2+2Mg=^=2MgO+C

C02+Hz0====H2cO3

C02+2Na0H（過(guò)量）====Na2cO3+H2O

CO2（過(guò)量）+NaOH====NaHCO3

CO2+Ca（OH）2（過(guò)量）====CaC031+H20

2c。2(過(guò)量)+Ca(OH)2====Ca(HCO：t)2

C02+2NaA102+3H,0====2Al(0H)3i+Na2C0:i

C02+C6H50Na+H20====C6H50H+NaHC03

C02+Na20====Na2C0；(

2cO2+2Na2()2====2Na2co3+O2

C02+NH3+NaCl+H20====NaHC031+NH，C1(候氏制堿法)

Ca

CaO+SiO2=^CaSiO3

Ca0+H20====Ca(OH)2

2Ca(OH)2+2Cl2====CaCl2+Ca(CIO)2+2H20Ca(OH)2+S03====CaS0.1!+H20

CaC0:i+2HN0:i====Ca(NO：，)2+H20+C021

(用HNQ,和濃硫酸不能制備H?S、HI、HBr等還原性氣體)

CaCO3+SiO,=^=CaSi03+C02f

CaFz+Hg(濃)====CaS01+2HFT

Ca3(P0,)2+3H2SOt(濃)====3CaS01+2H3PO，

Ca3(POD2+2H2S0.,(濃)====2CaS0*+Ca(H2P0.,)2

Ca3(P04)z+4H3Po,====3Ca(H2PO4)2(重鈣)

CaH2+2H20====Ca(OH)2+2H2T

Cl

Cl+2Na：益叁2NaCl

CL+H2====2HC1(光照或點(diǎn)燃)2

3C1+2P座叁2PCL

2CL+PCLPC15

3C12+2Fe壁叁2FeCh