2023年高考英語單元主題素材閱讀寫作 Unit3 The Internet-人與社會(huì)-科學(xué)與技術(shù)（解析版）

目錄

必修2Unit3TheInternet.........................................................................................................................................1

TrongerTogether:HowWeHaveBeenChangedBytheInternet..........................................................................1

譯文：................................................................................3

詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練：.......................................................................4

名校模擬試題閱讀.........................................................................6

01網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)引起了質(zhì)疑................................................................6

02為難以到達(dá)的地區(qū)提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目..............................................8

真題閱讀.................................................................................10

01對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過分迷戀的影響......................................................10

02防止個(gè)人信息被盜的鍵盤...........................................................12

主題寫作訓(xùn)練一一科技與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神、信息安全.................................13

01倡議重視書寫.....................................................................13

02給沉迷于電腦朋友的建議...........................................................14

03描述未來人工智能的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及利弊.................................................15

04智能手機(jī)的智能生活...............................................................16

必修2Unit3TheInternet

TrongerTogether:HowWeHaveBeenChangedBytheInternet

MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Therearecountlessarticlestellingushow

theInternethasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient.Wenolongerhavetowaitinlineorcarrycasharoundwhenwe

goshopping.Wecangetthemostupdatedinformationfromlargedatabases.Wecandownloadsoftware,documents,

andimageswheneverweneedthem.ButtheInternethasdonemuchmoreforpeoplethansimplymakelifemore

convenient.People'sliveshavebeenchangedbyonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.

JanTchamani,anEnglishteacherinBirmingham,UK,suddenlydevelopedaseriousillnessandhadtoquit

herjob.Atage50,shefoundherselfoutofworkandstuckathomewithonlyhercomputertokeephercompany.

Afterawhile,shediscoveredthatsurfingtheInternetcouldhelpherfeellesslonelyandbored.Shecouldlistento

music,watchfilms,playgames,andexploretheworld.Shealsojoinedanonlinegroupwhereshecouldtalkabout

herproblemsandgetsupportandadvicefromothers.SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternet

wasitsabilitytoremovethedistancethatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.

ShewassoinspiredbythepeopleshemetonlinethatshedecidedtostartanITclubtoteacholderpeoplehow

tousecomputersandtheInternet.Sheandherfriendsnoworganiseeventsandcollectmoneytopayforprivate

teachers.Manypeoplehavebeenhelpedbytheclub.A59-year-oldmanlearnthowtoapplyforworkonlineand

foundagreatjob.Nowthatheworksandcantakecareofhimself,hisdaughterhastimetostudyatuniversity.A

61-year-oldwomanwhowaslivingalonehasstartedasmallonlinecompanytogetherwithtwofriends.Sheno

longerfeelslonely,andhercompanyhasbecomequitesuccessful.

JanhasstartedtakingonlineclassestolearnmoreabouthowtousetheInternettomakesocietybetter.She

believesthatitishighlyimportanttobridgethedigitaldivideandmakesurethateveryonehasaccesstotheInternet

andknowshowtousenewtechnology.Hernextgoalistostartacharitywebsitetoraisemoneyforchildreninpoor

countries.

Jan'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet."Whenyougothroughtoughtimes,youmeetotherswho

arefacingsimilarchallenges,Jansays."Thinkingaboutotherpeople'ssituationsinspiredmetoofferhelp.^^

Writeablogpost

TodayIthoughtI'dblogaboutaquestionthathasbeenaskedmanytimes—howdoyoustaysafeonlineand

avoidbadexperiencesontheInternet?I'mnotanexpert,butmanyyearsasabloggerhavetaughtmeathingor

two.

Firstofall,there'sthegoldenruleoftheInternet:Ifyouseeorreadsomethingthatmakesyoufeel

uncomfortable,leavethesiteimmediately.Don'tpostcommentsorclickonanything.Second,protectyourprivacy.

Don'tgiveoutyouraddressorphonenumber.Someonemightusetheinformationtostealyouridentity.Identity

theftisacommonandseriousproblem.Third,bepolite.Beingonlineisnoexcuseforbeingrude,andyoudon't

wanttobecomeatargetforatrollorcyberbully.Atrollisapersonwhopostscommentsorquestionsinordertostir

uptroubleonline.Trollsoftenuseseveralfalsenamessothattheycanstayonasite.AcyberbullyusestheInternet

tobemeantoothers.Likeatroll,acyberbullywillalsowritesomethingmeanbutitisusuallydirectedatparticular

people.Heorshemayalsopostembarrassingphotosandinformationaboutthosepeople.However,themorepolite

youare,thelesslikelyitisyouwillbeattacked.

Haveyouhadanybadexperiencesonline,ordoyouhavesomegoodadviceforstayingsafe?Postyour

commentsbelow!

Boy579Lastyear,wewerehavingproblemsinourchatroom.Meancommentswerebeingpostedby

someonewedidn》know./thinkheorshewasonlytryingtomaketrouble.

AmyAgirlatmyschoolhadaverybadexperienceonline.Aphotoofherhadbeenpostedonlineandshe

wasbeingmadefunof.Itseemedlikeajokeatfirst,butthegirlwasveryupset.

譯文：

團(tuán)結(jié)起來力量大：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何改變了我們

關(guān)于萬維網(wǎng)奇妙之處的著述浩如煙海。講述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何使我們的生活變得更加方便的文章數(shù)不勝數(shù)。

購物的時(shí)候，我們不再需要排隊(duì)等候，也不需要隨身攜帶現(xiàn)金。我們可以從大型數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲得最新的信息。

在任何需要的時(shí)候，我們可以下載軟件、文檔和圖片。然而，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為人們做的事情還很多，并不僅僅是

讓生活變得更加方便而已。在線社區(qū)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)已改變了人們的生活。

英國伯明翰的一位英語教師簡?夏曼尼突然身患重病，被迫辭去工作。50歲時(shí)，她發(fā)覺自己失業(yè)了，困

在家里，只有電腦相伴。過了一陣子，她發(fā)現(xiàn)上網(wǎng)可以幫助她減輕孤獨(dú)和無聊。她可以聽音樂，看電影,

玩游戲，探索世界。她還加入了一個(gè)在線群組；在群里，她可以談?wù)撟约旱膯栴}，獲得其他人的支持和建

議。她意識(shí)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的最大好處之一就是能夠消除通常存在于人和人之間的距離感。

她受到網(wǎng)友的啟發(fā)，決定成立一個(gè)IT俱樂部來教年長一些的人們學(xué)習(xí)使用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。如今，她與

朋友們一起組織各種活動(dòng)，并為（俱樂部）私人教師的工資籌集資金。許多人得到了俱樂部的幫助。一位59

歲的男子學(xué)會(huì)了如何在網(wǎng)上申請(qǐng)工作，而且找到了一份不錯(cuò)的工作。由于他有事情可做，并能夠照顧好自

己，他的女兒就有時(shí)間上大學(xué)了。一位61歲的獨(dú)居?jì)D女與兩位朋友一起創(chuàng)辦了一家小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司。她不再

感到孤獨(dú)，而且她的公司也相當(dāng)成功。

簡開始參加網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，更多地學(xué)習(xí)如何利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓社會(huì)變得更加美好。她認(rèn)為，消除數(shù)字鴻溝、確保

每個(gè)人都能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并且知曉如何運(yùn)用新技術(shù)，是非常重要的。她的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)慈善網(wǎng)站，

為貧窮國家的兒童募捐。

簡的生活因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而得到了極大的改善?！爱?dāng)你身處逆境時(shí)，你會(huì)遇到面臨相似挑戰(zhàn)的人?！焙喺f道，”想

到別人的處境，我就會(huì)受到激勵(lì)，伸出援助之手。”

寫一個(gè)博客

今天，我想寫篇博客談?wù)務(wù)撘粋€(gè)多次被問到的問題一一如何才能安全上網(wǎng)，避免在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上遇到不愉

快呢？我并非專家，但身為博主多年，我已學(xué)會(huì)了一兩招。

首先，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的黃金法則是：如果你所見所讀讓你反感，立即推出該網(wǎng)站。不要發(fā)表評(píng)論，也不要點(diǎn)

擊任何東西。其次，保護(hù)你的隱私。不要透露你的地址或電話號(hào)碼。有人可能會(huì)利用這些信息來竊取你的

身份。身份盜竊是一個(gè)普遍而嚴(yán)重的問題。最后，要有禮貌。上網(wǎng)不是行為粗魯?shù)慕杩?，而且你也不想?/p>

為網(wǎng)絡(luò)挑事者或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)挑事者就是在網(wǎng)上張貼評(píng)論或問題以挑起事端的人。為了長期待在

一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上，網(wǎng)絡(luò)挑事者經(jīng)常使用多個(gè)假名。網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)欺負(fù)別人。與網(wǎng)絡(luò)挑事者一樣，網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡

霸也會(huì)寫一些惡意的東西，但通常是針對(duì)特定的人。網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸也可能在網(wǎng)上發(fā)一些照片和信息，讓這些人

感到尷尬。然而，你越有禮貌，你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

你在網(wǎng)上有任何不愉快的經(jīng)歷嗎？或是你有什么安全上網(wǎng)的好建議？請(qǐng)?jiān)谙旅姘l(fā)表你的評(píng)論！

男孩579：去年，我們聊天室出了點(diǎn)問題。有個(gè)我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人發(fā)了一些惡意的評(píng)論。我覺得這家伙

是想搗亂。

艾米：我們學(xué)校的一個(gè)女孩在網(wǎng)上有過一段不愉快經(jīng)歷。她的一張照片被傳到網(wǎng)上，被人嘲弄。剛

開始雖然像是在開玩笑，但是這個(gè)女生十分不快。

詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練：

1.convenient/kan'vinlont/adj.方便的；近便的

請(qǐng)翻譯：

我想知道你是否方便和我一起參觀展覽會(huì)。

Iwonderifitisconvenientforyoutojoinmeinvisitingtheexhibition.

2.update/,Ap'deit/vt.更新;向..提供最新信息；n.更新；最新消息

請(qǐng)翻譯：

它可以讓我們保持更新，這比報(bào)紙更好。

Ilcankeepusupdated,whichisbetterthannewspaper.

3.stuck/stAk/adj.卡住;陷（入）;困（于）

請(qǐng)翻譯：

它是我生活中重要的一部分，當(dāng)我忙于學(xué)習(xí)或遇到困難時(shí)，它為我提供了能量和力量。

Ilisanimportantpartofmylife,whichoffersmeenergyandpowerwhenIambusystudyingorgetstuckin

difficulties.

4.keepsb.company陪伴某人

請(qǐng)翻譯：

所以你不用擔(dān)心太多，因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)陪著他，必要時(shí)隨時(shí)照顧他。

Soyouneedn,tworryaboutittoomuchforwewillkeephimcompanyandattendtohimwhenevernecessary.

5.surf/s3:f/vt./vi.瀏覽；沖浪

請(qǐng)翻譯：

最后但并非最不重要的一點(diǎn)是，它還可以給我們帶來比看電視或上網(wǎng)更多的想象力。

Lastbutnotleast,itcanalsobringusmoreimaginationthanwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetcando.

6.benefit/'b￡niflt/n.益處；vt.使受益；vi.得益于

請(qǐng)翻譯：

希望每個(gè)人都能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，我們相信你會(huì)從中受益匪淺。

Itishopedthateveryonecanarriveontime,andwe'resurethatyou'llbenefitalotfromit.

7.distance/'distans/n.距離

請(qǐng)翻譯：

眾所周知，任何鍛煉都比不鍛煉好，但長跑尤其有很多好處。

Asweallknow,anyexerciseisbetterthannone,butlong-distancerunning,inparticular,hasalotofbenefits.

8.inspire/in'spaioVvt.鼓舞；激勵(lì);啟發(fā)思考

請(qǐng)翻譯：

為了激發(fā)體育精神，我們學(xué)校還舉辦春季和秋季體育賽事，學(xué)生可以體驗(yàn)各種類型的比賽。

Toinspirethespiritsofsports,ourschoolalsoholdspringandautumnsportseventswherestudentscanexperience

alltypesofcompetitions.

9.access/'aeksE：s/n.通道；（使用、查閱、接近或面見的）機(jī)會(huì)；vt.進(jìn)入；使用；獲取

請(qǐng)翻譯：

①此外，您可以通過中國電影和歌曲輕松了解地道漢語。

Additionally,idiomaticChineseiseasilyaccessibletoyouthroughChinesemoviesandsongs.

②更重要的是，你可以和同學(xué)說中文。

Moreimportantly,youcangetaccesstospeakingChinesewithclassmates.

lO.gothrough經(jīng)歷；度過；通讀

請(qǐng)翻譯：

你最好在上課前做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，對(duì)唐朝的歷史有一個(gè)簡單的了解，這樣你就可以很容易地通過這門

課。

You'dbettermakefullpreparationsbeforeclassandhaveabriefunderstandingofthehistoryofTangDynasty,

whichmakesiteasyforyoutogothroughtheclass.

11.tough/tAf/adj.辦艱難的；嚴(yán)厲的

請(qǐng)翻譯：

如你所知，在中國，參加大學(xué)入學(xué)考試的學(xué)生在高中最后一年的日子總是很艱難，我也是。

Asyouknow,inChina,thestudents,whohavetotakecollegeentranceexaminations,willalwayshaveatough

timeinthelastyearinseniorhighschool,andsowillI.

11.conference/'kanfnrnns/n.會(huì)議；研討會(huì)；正式會(huì)談

請(qǐng)翻譯：

比賽定于11月4日在會(huì)議廳舉行。

ThecontestisscheduledtobeheldintheconferencehallonNovember4th.

口.resident/'zldnnt/n.居民；（美國的）住院醫(yī)生；adj.（在某地）居住的

請(qǐng)翻譯：

節(jié)H期間有各種活動(dòng)，包括剪紙比賽和國際象棋比賽，居民們都積極參加。

Therewerevariousactivitiesduringthefestival,includingthecompetitionofpaper-cuttingandthechessmatch,

bothofwhichresidentstookanactivepartin.

13.plus/plAs/conj.而且；此外；/n.加號(hào)；優(yōu)勢；prep.加;另加

請(qǐng)翻譯：

另外，我爺爺上周突然生病了，我不得不在下課后照顧他。

Plus,mygrandpasuddenlyfellilllastweekandIhadtoattendhimafterclass.

14.target/'ta:git/n.目標(biāo)；對(duì)象；靶子；vt.把..作為攻擊目標(biāo)

請(qǐng)翻譯：

首先，將播放有關(guān)目標(biāo)學(xué)生生活的視頻。

Firstly,avideoaboutthelifeofthetargetedstudentswillbeshown.

15.embarrassing/im'baerosi口/adj.讓人難堪（尷尬；害羞）的

請(qǐng)翻譯：

我們在生活中經(jīng)常遇到尷尬的時(shí)刻。

Weoftenencounterembarrassingmomentsinourlives.

16.familiar/fo'mlIja/adj.熟悉；熟知

請(qǐng)翻譯：

另外，我特別喜歡郊游，熟悉我們的社區(qū)和城市，善于溝通，樂于助人。

What'smore,Tmespeciallyouting-going,familiarwithourneighborhoodaswellasourcity,goodat

communicationandalwaysgladtohelpothers.

名校模擬試題閱讀

01網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)引起了質(zhì)疑

Universityeducatorslargelythinkhighlyofthewondersofteachingthroughtechnology,butskepticsquestion

whethersomethingislostwhenprofessorsandlecturesrelytooheavilyonelectronicmediaorwheninteraction

withstudentstakesplaceremotely-incyberspaceratherthantherealspaceoftheclassroom.HansUlrich

Gumbrecht,theProfessorofLiteratureatStanfordUniversity,isonesuchskeptic.thinkthisenthusiasticand

sometimeschildishandblindpushingtowardthemoretechnologythebetter,themorewebsitesthebetterteacher,

andsoforth,isverydangerous—is,indeed,suicidal,“heindicates.

However,Gumbrechtwarnsthattherearefew,ifany,studieseithersupportingorrejectingthehypothesis（假

說）thattraditionalwaysofteachingaresuperiortoteachingviatheInternet.Hesaysthathecouldpointonlytohis

“intuition（直覺）thatrealclassroompresenceshouldbemaintained^^,andemphasizestheneedforeducatorsto

examinecriticallywheretechnologyservesausefulpedagogical（教學(xué)法的）functionandwhereitdoesnot.

Yet,Gumbrechtallowsthat,forcoursesinwhichknowledgetransmissionisthesolepurpose,electronicmedia

probablycandothejobwellenough.Indeed,giventhe20thcentury'sknowledgeexplosionandtheincreasingcosts

ofhighereducation,usingtechnologyasopposedtoreal-lifeteachersforthetransmissionofinformationisprobably

unavoidable,headmits.Inanycase,knowledgetransmissionshouldnotbethecorefunctionoftheuniversity,he

maintains,notingthatuniversitiesshouldbeplaceswherepeopleconfrontopenquestions,placesfor''intellectual

compIexity^^and“riskfillthinking^^.

“Wearenotaboutfindingortransmittingsolutions;wearenotaboutrecipes;wearenotaboutmaking

intellectuallifeeasy.Confrontationwithcomplexityiswhatexpandsyourmind.Itissomethinglikeintellectual

gymnastics.Andthisiswhatmakesyouasuitablememberofthesociety.^^

Moreover,discussionsinthephysicalpresenceofotherscanleadtotheintellectualinnovalion（倉ij新）."There's

aqualitativechange,andyoudon'tknowhowithappens.Discussionsinthephysicalpresencehavethecapacityof

beingthecatalyst（催化齊lj）forsuchintellectualbreakthroughs.Thepossibilityofin-classroomteaching-ofletting

somethinghappenwhichcannothappenifyouteachbythetransmissionofinformation-isastrength.”

12.WhichofthefollowingmightProfessorGumbrechtsupport?

A.Traditionalpedagogicalfunctionhasitsplaceinclassroom.

B.Professorsshouldbekeenonteachingtechniqueinnovation.

C.Technologiesappliedtoclassroomsstrengthencreativethinking.

D.Thecorefunctionoftheuniversityistofocusonknowledgetransmitting.

13.InwhatcasecouldcyberspaceteachingNOTreplacereal-lifeteaching?

A.Thecostofcollegeeducationincreasinggreatly.

B.Puttingmuchknowledgeacrosstothestudents.

C.Transmittingknowledgeastheonlypurposeofacourse.

D.Encouragingopenquestionswithoutpossibleanswers.

14.Whatcanweknowaboutdiscussioninthephysicalpresenceofothers?

A.Itcanleadtogreatlyimprovedintellectualsimplicity.

B.Itcanproducecertainenergyforintellectualbreakthroughs.

C.Itcanleadtoeasierandstrongertransmissionofinformation.

D.Itcanproducequalitativechangeinteacher-studentrelationships.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.CyberspaceInteraction

B.TheCoreFunctionoftheUniversity

C.ElectronicTeachingArousesUncertainty

D.InformationTransmissionCannotHelpYouSurvive

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)引起了質(zhì)疑。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Hesaysthathecouldpointonlytohis'intuition（直覺）thatrealclassroompresence

shouldbemaintained',andemphasizestheneedforeducatorstoexaminecriticallywheretechnologyservesauseful

pedagogical（教學(xué)法的）funciionandwhereitdoesnot.（他說，他只能指出他的，直覺,即應(yīng)該保持真實(shí)的課堂

存在，并強(qiáng)調(diào)教育工作者有必要批判性地檢查技術(shù)在哪些地方發(fā)揮了有用的教學(xué)功能，哪些地方?jīng)]有。）”

可知，Gumbrecht認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的教室教學(xué)是有一定的教學(xué)優(yōu)勢的。故選A項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Yet,Gumbrechtallowsthat,forcoursesinwhichknowledgetransmissionisthe

solepurpose,electronicmediaprobablycandothejobwellenough.（但是，Gumbrecht承認(rèn)對(duì)于傳遞知識(shí)是唯

一目的的課程，電子媒體可以做到足夠好。廠以及“Indeed,giventhe20由century'sknowledgeexplosionand

theincreasingcostsofhighereducation,usingtechnologyasopposedtoreal-lifeteachersforthetransmissionof

informationisprobablyunavoidable,headmits.（他承認(rèn)，確實(shí)，20世紀(jì)的知識(shí)爆炸，逐漸增加的更高的教育

成本，用技術(shù)而不是真實(shí)生活的老師來傳遞信息可能是不可避免的。）”可知，在“大學(xué)教育成本逐漸增加“、

“把許多知識(shí)傳授給學(xué)生''及"傳播知識(shí)是課程的唯一目的'’的情形下，網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)可以代替真實(shí)的教學(xué)，D選

項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)可能沒有答案的開放式問題”不包括在內(nèi)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Discussionsinthephysicalpresencehavethecapacityofbeingthecatalyst（催

化劑）forsuchintellectualbreakthroughs.（現(xiàn)場討論能成為智力突破的催化劑。）”可知，和別人現(xiàn)場討論可以

產(chǎn)生一定的智力突破的能力。故選B項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章開頭“Universityeducatorslargelythinkhighlyofthewondersofteachingthrough

technology,butskepticsquestionwhethersomethingislostwhenprofessorsandlecturesrelytooheavilyon

electronicmediaorwheninteractionwithstudentstakesplaceremotely—incyberspaceratherthantherealspace

oftheclassroom.（大學(xué)的教育者們高度評(píng)價(jià)通過科技所帶來的教學(xué)奇跡，但是有懷疑者提出質(zhì)疑，當(dāng)教授和

講課過度依賴電子媒體，或者和學(xué)生的互動(dòng)是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)而不是真實(shí)的教室空間遠(yuǎn)距離發(fā)生時(shí)，是否失去了

某些東西。）”以及文章結(jié)尾談到教室內(nèi)教學(xué)的優(yōu)勢“Thepossibilityofin-classroomteaching—ofletting

somethinghappenwhichcannothappenifyouteachbythetransinissionofinformation—isastrength.（課堂教學(xué)

的可能性——通過傳遞信息的方式進(jìn)行教學(xué)，可以讓一些不可能發(fā)生的事情發(fā)生——是一種優(yōu)勢。戶可知，

文章主要講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)引起質(zhì)疑。故選C項(xiàng)。

02為難以到達(dá)的地區(qū)提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目

Coogle'sparentcompanyiswindingdownaprojectthatusedhigh-lyingballoonstoprovideInternetservices

tohard-to-reachareasoftheworld.

Theproject,knownasLoon,startedin2011.ItwasmanagedbyAlphabetInc.Itaimedtobringconnectivity

toareasoftheworldwhereground-basedcelltowers（手機(jī)信號(hào)塔）weretooexpensiveortoodifficulttosetup.

ButLoonwasunabletoreducecostsenoughtomakeitsbusinessmodelrun,theprojecfsleader,Alastair

Westgarth,saidinablogpost."Whilewe'vefoundanumberofwillingpartnersalongtheway,wehaven'tfounda

waytogetthecostslowenoughtobuildalong-term,competitivebusiness,“Westgarhsaid.

Loon'sshutdownisn'tsurprising,economistssaid.

Loon'stechnologysentgas-filledballoonsthesizeoftenniscourtsintotheair.Theyusuallystayatheightsof

around60,000to75,000feet.There,onboardcommunicationsequipmentsentInternetsignalsbackdowntoearth.

Thesystemwasabletooffermobilecoveragetoanarea200timeslargerthanatraditionalground-basedcelltower.

However,acarrierwouldneedseveralballoonsatonce,eachwouldcosttensofthousandsofdollarsandlastonly

aboutfivemonths.

Alphabetwasn'taloneinrunningprojectsaimedatofferingInternetconnectiontohard-to-reachareas.

CompaniessuchasAmazon,comInc.andElonMusk'sSpaceXhavebeenmakingeffortstoprovideInternet

connectioninsuchplaces,usingsatellitesinnearEarthorbit.

Overthelastfewyears,Loon'stechnologyhasprovedsuccessfulinsomesufferingcommunities.In2017,the

projectsentballoonsintotheskiesabovePuertoRicoafterateniblehurricanedamagedtheisland'scommunications

facilities.Twoyearslater,soonaftera7.8earthquakestruckpartsofPeru,Loon'sballoonsbegantoprovidethe

localswithmobileconnectivity.

RichDevaul,afounderoftheproject,saidtheneedformobileconnectivitywasrapidlyrisingrecently.This

madecelltowersmorecost-effectivethanhehadexpectedtenyearsago,reducingtheneedforLoon,“Theproblem

gotsolvedfasterthanwethought/'hesaidinaninterview.

12.WhyisAlphabetshuttingdownLoon?

A.Manylocalcommunitiesdislikedtheproject.

B.Itwastoocostlytocontinuetheproject.

C.Thetechnologywasnolongeradvanced.

D.Itwastoodifficulttosetupthesystems,

13.HowdoestheauthorintroduceLoon'stechnologyinparagraph5?

A.Bydescribingdifficultiesinusingit.

B.Byprovidingresearchresultsaboutit.

C.Byexplainingisadvantagesanddisadvantages.

D.Byshowingitsdifferencesfromtraditionalones.

14.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetechnologyofLoon?

A.Ithelpedareashitbynaturaldisasters.

B.Itsuitedtheneedofdevelopedcountries,

C.Itwasunabletoworkinterribleweather.

D.Itwaslesselectivethantraditionalsysten9.

15.WhatwasunexpectedforRichDevaul?

A.Communicationsproblemsbecameworse.

B.Celltowersbecamemoreeconomicalinashorttime.

C.Othercompanieswouldrunsimilarprojects

D.TheInternetconnectionsweregettingfaster.

【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了一個(gè)利用高空氣球?yàn)槭澜缟想y以到達(dá)的地區(qū)提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目，

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目因高昂的花費(fèi)而正在被關(guān)閉。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“BuiLoonwasunabletoreducecostsenoughtomakeitsbusinessmodelrun,the

project9sleader,AlastairWestgarth,saidinablogpost.(Loon項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人阿拉斯泰爾?韋斯特加斯(Alastair

Westgarth)在一篇博客文章中表示，Loon未能將成本降低到足以維持其商業(yè)模式的水平。戶可知，Alphabet

關(guān)閉Loon是因?yàn)槔^續(xù)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的花費(fèi)太大了。故選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句"Thesystemwasabletooffermobilecoveragetoanarea200timeslargerthan

atraditionalground-basedcelltower.However,acarrierwouldneedseveralballoonsatonce,eachwouldcosttens

ofthousandsofdollarsandlastonlyaboutfivemonths.(該系統(tǒng)能夠提供的移動(dòng)覆蓋范圍比傳統(tǒng)的地面發(fā)射塔

大200倍。然而，一個(gè)載物架一次需要幾個(gè)氣球，每個(gè)氣球花費(fèi)數(shù)萬美元，而且只能使用大約5個(gè)月。y

可知，本段是通過解釋其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)來介紹Loon這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“In2017,theprojectsentballoonsintotheskiesabovePuertoRicoafterateiTible

hurricanedamagedtheisland'scommunicationsfacilities.Twoyearslater,soonaftera7.8earthquakestruckparts

ofPeru,Loon'sballoonsbegantoprovidethelocalswithmobileconnectivity.(2017年,在一場可怕的颶風(fēng)破壞

了波多黎各的通訊設(shè)施后，該項(xiàng)目向波多黎各上空放飛了氣球。兩年后，一場7.8級(jí)的地震襲擊秘魯部分

地區(qū)后不久，Loon的氣球開始為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┮苿?dòng)連接。廠可知，Loon技術(shù)幫助遭受自然災(zāi)害的地區(qū)。故選

A項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中'4Thismadecelltowersmorecost-effectivethanhehadexpectedtenyearsago,

reducingtheneedforLoon,'Theproblemgotsolvedfasterthanwethought/hesaidinaninterview.(這使得手機(jī)

信號(hào)塔比他十年前預(yù)期的要更加劃算，減少了對(duì)Loon的需求。’問題解決得比我們想象的要快，’他在接受

采訪時(shí)說)”可知，令RichDevaul意外的是手機(jī)信號(hào)塔在短時(shí)間內(nèi)變得更加經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。故選B項(xiàng)。

真題閱讀

01對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過分迷戀的影響

Whocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashing

machine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhavereal

impacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbythe

internet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtry

toliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety^^hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturing

sector(制造業(yè)),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternational

communitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide“betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasled

companiesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternet

facilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgiving

moneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmore

affordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputer

orsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,but

manydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsand

benefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthe

technologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld^^.

Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappening

todayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.

Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-

borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthe

nationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,our

fascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinall

sortsofwrongdirections.

61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.

A.alackofconfidenceintechnology

B.aslowprogressintechnology

C.aconflictofpublicopinions

D.awasteoflimitedresources

62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.

A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccount

B.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople

C.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

D.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities

63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

【答案】61.D62.A63.B64.B

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。文章講述了對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過分迷戀會(huì)對(duì)國家，對(duì)個(gè)人，對(duì)慈善事業(yè)造成不利的影響。

[61題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.可

知，對(duì)信息技術(shù)的錯(cuò)誤判斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致有限資源的錯(cuò)誤使用，也就是資源的浪費(fèi)，故選D。

【62題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extending

electricitynetworksandmakingmoreafifordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethan

givingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethings

arenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessing

therelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.可知，與其給那些貧困地區(qū)孩子筆記

本電腦或者建網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心，還不如給錢打井，鋪電網(wǎng)或者生產(chǎn)他們買得起的洗衣機(jī)，這些東西更能改善他們

的生活。作者不是說這些東西一定更重要，但是很多捐贈(zèng)者沒有仔細(xì)考慮捐贈(zèng)的東西的長期成本，因此作

者建議捐贈(zèng)者要考慮接受捐贈(zèng)的人的實(shí)際情況，而不是一味地追求信息化，故選A。

[63題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)新東西的迷戀讓人們認(rèn)為如今通訊技術(shù)和交通的變革讓我們生活在

一個(gè)無國界的世界，正是認(rèn)為我們生活在這樣一個(gè)世界，很多政府取消了關(guān)于跨國界的資本、勞動(dòng)力以及

商品流動(dòng)的法律法規(guī)，故選B。

【64題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ThefascinationwiththeICT（InformationandCommunicationTechnology）revolution,

representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"

thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin''post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheir

manufacturingsector（制造業(yè)）withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.可知，對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)呈現(xiàn)的通訊技